[PN]. See description in Lewis and Clarke’s Travels to the Source of the Missouri River and across the American Continent to the Pacific Ocean (1804–6), 1814, p. 456.
[PO]. Dwight, Travels, vol. i. p. 36, and Emerson, Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts, 1846, p. 60–66.
[PP]. Auguste de St. Hilaire, Morphologie végétale, 1840, p. 98.
[PQ]. Linnæa, bd. xv. 1841, s. 489.
[PR]. Emerson, Report on the Forests, pp. 49, 101.
[PS]. Morphologie végétale, p. 91.
[PT]. Göppert, Beobachtungen über das sogenannte Umwallen der Tannenstöcke, 1842, s. 12.
[PU]. Hist. Plant., lib. iii. cap. 7, pp. 59, 60. Schneider.
[PV]. Th. i. s. 143, 166.
[PW]. Compare Unger, Ueber den Einfluss des Bodens auf die Vertheilung der Gewächse, s. 200; Lindblom, Adnot. in geographicam plantarum intra Sueciam distributionem, p. 89; Martius, in the Annales des Sciences naturelles, t. xviii. 1842, p. 195.