[RL]. See Aphorismi ex doctrina Physiologiæ chemicæ Plantarum, in Humboldt, Flora Fribergensis subterranea, 1793, pp. 133–136. Translation;—“If you attentively consider the whole nature of things, you will discover a great and permanent difference amongst elements, some of which obeying the laws of affinity, others independent, appear in various combinations. This difference is by no means inherent in the elements themselves and in their nature, but seems to be derived solely from their particular distribution. We call that matter inert, brute, and inanimate, the particles of which are combined according to the laws of chemical affinity. On the other hand, we call those bodies animate and organic, which, although constantly manifesting a tendency to assume new forms, are restrained by some internal force from relinquishing that originally assigned them. That internal force, which dissolves the bonds of chemical affinity, and prevents the elements of bodies from freely uniting, we call vital. Accordingly, the most certain criterion of death is putrescence, by which the first parts, or stamina of things, resume their pristine state, and obey the laws of affinity. In inanimate bodies there can be no putrescence.”
[RM]. Henle, Allgemeine Anatomie, 1841, pp. 216–219.
[RN]. Pulteney Alison, in the Transact. of the Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, vol. xvi. p. 305.
[RO]. Cosmos, vol. i. p. 58. (Bohn’s Edition.)
[RP]. Vol. i. p. 349. (Bohn’s Edition.)
[RQ]. Compare also the critique on the acceptation of special vital forces in Schleiden’s Botanik als inductive Wissenschaft, part i. pp. 60, and the lately published and admirable treatise of Emil du Bois-Reymond, Untersuchungen über thierische Elektricität, vol. i. pp. xxxiv–1.
[RR]. Translation.—“From the Province Anti the Montañas of the Antis received their name. Antisuyu signified the eastern direction, and for that reason the name Anti was given to all that part of the great Cordillera of Sierra Nevada which runs along the east of Peru, to denote that it was situated in the east.” (Commentarios Reales, pt. i. pp. 47, 122.)—Ed.
[RS]. See my Treatise on the Quina Woods, inserted in the Magazin der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Jahrg. i. 1807, s. 59.
[RT]. Histoire de l’Acad. des Sciences, année 1738. Paris, 1740, p. 233.
[RU]. I have given a drawing of it in the Vues des Cordillères, pl. xvii.; see also Cieça, cap. 44, P. i. p. 120.