Fig. 36.
Single Cylinder Machine.—For the manufacture of thin papers, as also for papers which are required to be glazed on one side only, a single cylinder machine, called the Yankee machine, has been introduced, a representation of which is shown in Fig. 36. It is constructed on the same principle as the larger Fourdrinier machine up to the couching-rolls, when the paper leaves the wire-cloth and passes on to an endless felt running round the top couch-roll, and passes from thence to a large drying cylinder, which is about 10 feet in diameter and heated by steam, the surface of which is highly polished, giving to the surface of the paper in contact with it a high gloss. There is attached to the machine an arrangement for washing the felt for the purpose of cooling and opening it out after passing through a cold press-roll and the hot drying cylinder. This machine, as manufactured by Messrs. Bentley and Jackson, for cap, skip, and thin papers, consists of a rocking frame, and wrought-iron side bars, fitted with brass bearings, the necessary brass and copper tube-rolls, couch-rolls, with driving shaft, stands and pulley; self-acting wire guide, brass deckle sides and pulleys, brass slice, vacuum boxes, pipes and cocks; wet felt frame, with the necessary water pipes and cocks, and carriages to carry the couch-rolls and felt-rolls; the necessary wet felt-rolls and a felt washing apparatus; one bottom press-roll carried by brass steps, and fitted with compound levers and weight; one large cast-iron drying cylinder about 10 feet in diameter, and fitted with a central shaft, steam admission and water delivery nozzles, two water lifters and pipes, a manhole and vacuum valve, a large spur driving wheel, spur pinion, driving shaft and pulley; massive cast-iron framework, with pedestals to carry the cylinder; traversing steel doctor and frames; copper leading roll and carriages, a pair of reeling stands fitted with brass steps, friction pulleys and plates, regulating screws, etc.; a wooden platform and iron guard rail, all carried by strong cast-iron framing; the necessary pulp and backwater pumps, shake, knotter, stuff chests, service cistern, pipes and valves, shafting, pedestals, change wheels, pulleys, &c. These machines can be obtained of any desired width.
[CHAPTER XIV.]
CALENDERING, CUTTING, AND FINISHING.
Web-glazing.—Glazing Calender.—Damping-Rolls.—Finishing.—Plate Glazing.—Donkin's Glazing Press.—Mr. Wyatt on American Super-calendering.—Mr. Arnot on Finishing.—Cutting.—Revolving Knife Cutter.—Bertrams' Single-sheet Cutter.—Packing the Finished Paper.—Sizes of Paper.
To impart a higher gloss, or, as it is technically termed "glaze," to paper after it leaves the machine, it has to be subjected to further calendering, which is accomplished either in the web, or in sheets, according to the quality of the paper.
Fig. 37.