[CHAPTER XVII.]
MACHINERY USED IN PAPER-MAKING.
Bentley and Jackson's Drum Washer.—Drying Cylinder.—Self-Acting Dry Felt Regulator.—Paper Cutting Machine.—Single Web Winding Machine.—Cooling and Damping Rolls.—Reversing or Plate Glazing Calender.—Plate Planing Machine.—Roll Bar Planing Machine.—Washing Cylinder for Rag Engine.—Bleach Pump.—Three-roll Smoothing Presses.—Back-water Pump.—Web Glazing Calender.—Reeling Machine.—Web Ripping Machine.—Roeckner's Clarifier.—Marshall's Perfecting Engine.
Apart from the mechanical contrivances which are referred to in various parts of this work, in which their application is explained, it will be necessary to direct attention to certain machines and appliances which are adopted at some of the more advanced paper-mills in this country and in America; but since the various makers of paper-makers' machinery are constantly introducing improvements to meet the requirements of the manufacturer, we must refer the reader to these firms for fuller information than can be given in the limited scope of this treatise. Many of the improvements in paper-making machinery consist in modifications—sometimes of a very important nature—in the construction of certain parts of a machine, whereby the efficiency of the machine as a whole is in some cases considerably augmented. Without offering any critical remarks upon the merits of the respective improvements which have been introduced, it will be sufficient to direct attention to the manufacturer's own description of the principal features of the special mechanical contrivance which he produces for the use of the paper-maker. It may also be said that innumerable patents have been obtained for various improvements in machinery, or parts of machines, engines, etc., which can readily be referred to at the Library of the Patent Office, or any of the public libraries throughout the Kingdom.
Fig. 43.
Bentley and Jackson's Drum-Washer.—This drum-washer, for use in the rag-engine, is shown in Fig. 43. It has cast-iron ends, strong copper buckets, shaft, stands, lifting-gear, and driving-wheel, but instead of the drum being covered with the ordinary strong brass backing-wire, it is covered with their improved "honey-comb" backing-plates, over which the fine wire is wrapped as usual. The honey-comb backing consists of tough rolled brass or copper plates, curved to suit the diameter of the drum, and secured to its ends by cross-bars. It is practicably indestructible, strengthens the drum, and by maintaining its cylindrical form, adds considerably to the durability of the fine covering-wire.
Fig. 44.
Drying Cylinders.—These cylinders, by the same firm, for which patents were obtained in 1872 and 1887, are made with concave and convex ends, the latter type being shown in Fig. 44. The cylinder body is made of hard cast-iron, turned and polished on outside surface. The ends and trunnions are of tough cast iron, turned to fit into their places, and there secured by bolts and nuts by a patented method, whereby no bolts (excepting for the manhole) are put through the metal, an unbroken surface is preserved, and the annoyance of leakage through the bolt-holes is avoided. A manhole and cover is fitted to all cylinders 3 feet in diameter and upwards, and a water-lifter and pipe to remove the condensed steam. The trunnions are bored to receive nozzles or junctions for admitting steam, and the whole, when completed, is carefully balanced and tested by steam pressure to 35 lbs. per square inch. The firm state that they have made cylinders from 2 to 10 feet in diameter by this system.