Fig. 59.
Reeling Machine.—One form of reeling machine manufactured by Bertrams, Limited, is shown in Fig. 59, and is used for slitting and re-reeling webs of paper, especially where large webs are requisite for web-calendering, web-printing, and suchlike. The reel of paper from the paper-machine is placed on a sliding-carriage arrangement, the brackets of which are planed and fitted to a planed sole, with wedge or dove-tail corners, and controlled by screws, hand-wheel, etc., so that the reel can quickly and easily be moved forward or backward to suit any unequal reeling that may have taken place on the paper or the machine. A hot cast-iron is provided for mending breaks in the web, and a measuring-roll and counter is also applied. The machine has an important application of drawing-in or regulating rolls of cast iron, with arrangement of expanding pulley for regulating the tension on the paper. Slitting-knives, regulating, dancing, or leading-rolls, of cast iron, etc., are applied for separating the edges and guiding the webs after they are slit. The reeling is performed by a 3-feet diameter drum, cross-shafts, and arms, to which regulating heads are fitted, so that several webs can be run up at one operation.
Fig. 60.
Web-Ripping Machine.—This machine, which is manufactured by Messrs. Bentley and Jackson, is shown in Fig. 60, and is constructed to divide webs of paper into two or more widths. It consists of two brass bearings on cast-iron standards, with screw adjustments, a break-pulley and friction-regulator, all mounted on cast-iron slides, movable transversely by means of a screw, geared-wheels, shaft and hand-wheel; a wood guide-roll, about 7 inches diameter, with wrought-iron centres, carried by brass bearings with screw adjustment; three skeleton drums, each 2 feet in diameter, on wrought-iron shafts, carried by brass bearings, and driven by spur-wheels and pinions; two wrought-iron leading-rolls, with brass bearings and cast-iron stands; a pair of strong wrought-iron ripper shafts with circular steel knives, bosses, springs, and collars; cast-iron stands and brass bearings, spur-wheels and driving-pulley; two (or more) changeable wood drums 1 foot 6 inches in diameter, each with wrought-iron shaft and catch-box, carried by brackets fitted with brass steps for easily changing, driven by wrought-iron shafts with pedestals and friction-pulleys, 2 feet in diameter, with regulating screws and lock-nuts, all carried by strong cast-iron framing and standards, and driven by a wrought-iron driving-shaft, with fast and loose driving-pulleys, strap-fork and levers for starting and stopping.
Fig. 61.
Roeckner's Clarifier.—In this apparatus, of which an illustration is given in Fig. 61, Mr. Roeckner has taken advantage of the fact that if a column of liquid is ascending very slowly and quietly within a vessel, it will not be able to carry up with it the solid particles which it contains, which will gradually fall back and sink to the bottom under the action of gravity, without ever reaching the top of the vessel, provided this be of sufficient height. The illustration shows the arrangement of the apparatus on a small scale; the liquor to be clarified is run into a well or reservoir b; into this dip a wrought-iron cylinder c, which is open at the lower end, but hermetically closed at the top by means of the casing d. From this casing air can be withdrawn through a pipe, h, by means of an air-pump i. As soon as this is done the liquid will begin to ascend the cylinder c, and if the height of this is below that to which the water will rise at the atmospheric pressure (say 25 feet), the liquid will ascend until it fills the cylinder and the casing. Into the pocket at the side of the casing there dips a pipe g, which passes out through the opposite side of the casing, descends below the level of the water in the tank, and ends in a discharge-cock. When this cock is opened, the cylinder c and the pipe g form between them a syphon, of which, however, the descending leg is of very small diameter compared with the ascending leg. In consequence, the liquid will rise in the cylinder c very slowly. The sediment it contains will sink back and collect in the bottom of the tank b, and clear water will flow out at the outlet. A sludge-cock at the bottom of the tank allows the solid matter to be drawn off at intervals and conveyed to any convenient place for drying, etc.[30] For drawing clear water from a river, the clarifier would simply be placed in the river, dipping 2 or 3 inches into it below the lowest water-level. The clear water will then be drawn through the clarifier, while the heavier matters will fall down and be carried away by the river current. It is stated that this has proved a great advantage to a paper-mill which used a river, and had, prior to its use, been much troubled through the dirt being pumped with the water. The clarifier to receive the waste from paper-machinery, or from washings in the engines, can be placed in any convenient corner, and by its action the water can be re-used, and the otherwise lost fibres collected, without its action ever being stopped.
