THE WATERY SOLUTION IS NOW EXTRACTED IN THE SAME WAY BY CHLOROFORM.
In chloroform the following substances are especially taken up:—Theobromine, narceine, papaverine, cinchonine, jervine, besides picrotoxin, syringin, digitalin, helleborin, convallamarin, saponin, senegin, smilacin. Lastly, portions of the bodies named in [Process IV.], which benzene failed to extract entirely, enter into solution, as well as traces of brucine, narcotine, physostigmine, veratrine, delphinine. The evaporation of the chloroform is conducted at the ordinary temperature in four or five watch-glasses.
THE CHLOROFORM RESIDUE FROM THE ACID SOLUTION.[335]
[335] Chloroform removes small portions of acetate of aconitine from acid solution, Dunstan and Umney, J. C. S., 1892, p. 338.
| 1. The Residue is more or less markedly Crystalline. | 2. The Residue is Amorphous. |
| A. It gives in the sulphuric acid solution evidence of an alkaloid by its action towards iodine and iodide of potassium. | A. In acetic acid solution it renders the action of the frog’s heart slower, or produces local anæsthesia. |
| aa. It does not produce local anæsthesia. | |
| α. Sulphuric acid dissolves it without the production of colour, and chlorine and ammonia give no murexide reaction. | α. Sulphuric acid dissolves it red-brown, bromine produces a beautiful purple colour, water changes it into green, hydrochloric acid dissolves it greenish-brown. |
| Cinchonine. | Digitalin. |
| β. Sulphuric acid dissolves it without colour, chlorine and ammonia give, as with theine, a murexide reaction. | β. Sulphuric acid dissolves it yellow, then brown-red; on addition of water this solution becomes violet. Hydrochloric acid, on warming, dissolves it red. |
| Theobromine. | Convallamarin. |
| bb. It produces local anæsthesia. | |
| α. Sulphuric acid dissolves it brown. The solution becomes, by extracting with water, violet, and can even be diluted with two volumes of water without losing its colour. | |
| Saponin. | |
| β. Sulphuric acid dissolves it yellow. On diluting with water the same reaction occurs as in the previous case, but more feebly. | |
| Senegin. | |
| γ. Sulphuric acid does not colour in the cold; on warming, the solution becomes a blue violet. | γ. Sulphuric acid dissolves brown, and the solution becomes red by the addition of a little water. The action is very weak. |
| Papaverine. | Smilacin. |
| cc. Sulphuric acid dissolves it with the production of a dirty red, hydrochloric acid, in the cold, with that of a reddish-brown colour, and the last solution becomes brown on boiling. | |
| Constituents of the hellebore, particularly Jervine. | |
| δ. Sulphuric acid dissolves it in the cold with the production of a blue colour. | |
| Unknown impurities, many commercial samples of Papaverine. | |
| ε. Sulphuric acid dissolves it at first grey-brown; the solution becomes in about twenty-four hours blood-red. Iodine water colours it blue. | |
| Narceine. | |
| B. It gives no Alkaloid Reaction. | B. Is inactive, and becomes blue by sulphuric acid; by Fröhde’s reagent[336] dark cherry-red. Hydrochloric acid dissolves it red. The solution becomes, by boiling, colourless. |
| Syringin. | |
| α. Sulphuric acid dissolves it with a beautiful yellow colour; mixed with nitre, then moistened with sulphuric acid, and lastly treated with concentrated soda-lye, it is coloured a brick-red. | |
| Picrotoxin. | |
| β. Sulphuric acid dissolves it with the production of a splendid red colour. The substance renders the heart-action of a frog slower. | |
| Helleborin. |