(a) Zoological (somatology, including craniology, etc.).—Man’s place in Nature as evidenced by the study of comparative anatomy and physiology, more especially of the Anthropoidea.
(b) Palæontological.—The antiquity of man as evidenced by fossil and semi-fossilised remains, including the geological evidence.
(c) Physiological and Psychological.—The comparative study of the bodily functions and mental processes.
(d) Ethnological.—The comparative study of the physical characters which distinguish the various races and sub-races of man. Classification of the human race in accordance with physical and psychical characters. Geographical distribution of the varieties of mankind. The influence of environment on physique.
B.—Cultural Anthropology (Ethnology of some writers).
(a) Archæological.—The antiquity of man as revealed by the earliest remains of his handiwork. The prehistoric periods; their characteristics, sequence, and duration. The survival of early conditions of culture in later times (Folklore).
(b) Technological.—The comparative study of arts and industries; their origin, development, and geographical distribution.
(c) Sociological.—The comparative study of social phenomena and organisation. Birth, education, marriage, and death customs and systems. Social and religious associations. Government and laws. Moral ideas and codes. Magical and religious ideas and practices.
(d) Linguistic.—The comparative study of language.
(e) Ethnological.—The comparative study and classification of peoples based upon cultural conditions and characteristics. The influence of environment upon culture.