We may not be able to close this wonderful 19th century with any practical realization of all the dreams of ideal citizenship which made up the last expiring breath of the 18th century. But we have gone a long way in that direction, and happily it has been along a roadway, toilsome and rough at times, upon which there is no need for going back to retrace our steps. Standing now, on the higher ground to which the exertions of our fathers, and the forces which their work set in motion for our benefit, have brought us, we see down into the valley, along the rugged way we have come, abundant reason why men often misunderstood each other—they could not see each other in any true and just light. But just as the heavy material roadway along which the old locomotion was shifting a hundred years ago, from horses' backs on to wheels, has become firmer, broader, lighter, and freer by the cutting down of hedge rows and hindrances which shut out the sweetening influence of light and air; so along the highways of men's thoughts and actions there has been an analogous process of cutting down boundaries and removing hindrances which divided men in the past, until we see one another face to face.
It may be that some few distinctions will be preserved after all the modern political programmes have been played out, but let us hope that the hedges which divide men will be kept well trimmed and low. For, after all, it is impossible to gather up these old voices of a past time, or to look back over such a period as that which has been passed in review by these sketches without recognizing that if men will only stand upright, whatever their station, and not stoop to narrow the horizon of their view, they must see how broad, and how fertile in all human, homely and kindly attraction, are the common heritage, the common work, the common rest and the common hopes of men, compared with the narrow paths within high party walls—whether of religious creeds, social grades, or false notions of what is respectable—within which men have too often in the past sought to hide themselves from one another. The hard lot of the village labourer to-day is not what it was, is not what it will be; the discomforts for all classes remaining from those of seventy years ago look now very small, and may yet look smaller; and history, even the local history of a country town and its neighbouring villages, though it moves slowly, shows foot-prints for the most part tending one way and justifying the old hopeful belief that—
Life shall on and upward go,
Th' eternal step of progress beats,
To that great anthem, calm and slow,
Which God repeats.
THE END.
APPENDIX.
In the following table is given the population of 45 parishes in the Royston district, viz., of the Royston and Buntingford Poor-law Unions, situated in the counties of Herts., Cambs., and Essex, for each decade from 1801 to 1891. In them the reader will be able to trace the growth of the rural population during the middle of the century, and its remarkable decline during the last twenty years, the economic effects of which have led to the cry for bringing back the labourer on to the land, instead of his drifting away to aggravate the social problem in London and other populous centres.
ROYSTON SUB-DISTRICT.
1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891
Ashwell 715 754 915 1072 1235 1425 1507 1576 1568 1556
Barkway 699 686 771 859 1002 986 940 932 782 761
Barley 494 593 695 704 789 870 808 714 614 574
Chishill, Great 309 298 353 371 466 532 473 432 129 140
Chishill, Little 71 55 71 106 96 105 110 110 129 140
Heydon 246 272 272 259 324 368 270 265 257 221
Hinxworth 228 243 247 295 328 347 320 313 297 289
Kelshall 179 180 208 251 276 326 318 286 249 241
Morden, Guilden 428 489 570 675 808 931 906 1059 959 819
Morden, Steeple 430 483 614 645 788 889 912 1018 981 810
Nuthampstead 152 172 222 249 289 302 281 254 217 207
Reed 164 158 214 232 260 277 224 224 189 206
Royston, Herts. 975 1309 1474 1272 1431 1529 1387 1348 1272 1262
Royston, Cambs. 356 * * 485 566 532 495 453 440 439
Therfield 707 692 872 974 1224 1335 1222 1237 1175 996