Number of Species in each Natural Order in the Hawaiian Flora, excluding the introduced Plants.

Dicotyledons. 48. Gentianaceæ (Erythræa) 1
1. Ranunculaceæ 2 49. Loganiaceæ 7
2. Menispermaceæ 4 50. Apocynaceæ 4
3. Papaveraceæ 1 51. Hydrophyllaceæ (Nama ...
4. Cruciferæ 3 allies Andes) 1
5. Capparidaceæ 2 52. Oleaceæ 1
6. Violaceæ 8 53. Solanaceæ 12
7. Bixaceæ 2 54. Convolvulaceæ 14
8. Pittosporaceæ 10 55. Boraginaceæ 3
9. Caryophyllaceæ 23 56. Scrophulariaceæ 2
10. Portulaceæ 3 57. Gesneriaceæ 24
11. Guttiferæ 1 58. Myoporaceæ 1
12. Ternstræmiaceæ 1 59. Verbenaceæ 1
13. Malvaceæ 14 60. Labiatæ 39
14. Sterculiaceæ 2 61. Plantaginaceæ 2
15. Tiliaceæ 1 62. Nyctaginaceæ 5
16. Geraniaceæ 6 63. Amarantaceæ 9
17. Zygophyllaceæ 1 64. Phytolaccaceæ 1
18. Oxalidaceæ 1 65. Polygonaceæ 3
19. Rutaceæ 30 66. Chenopodiaceæ 2
20. Ilicineæ 1 67. Lauraceæ 2
21. Celastraceæ 1 68. Thymelæaceæ 7
22. Rhamnaceæ 7 69. Santalaceæ 5
23. Sapindaceæ 6 70. Loranthaceæ 1
24. Anacardiaceæ 1 71. Euphorbiaceæ 12
25. Leguminosæ 21 72. Urticaceæ 15
26. Rosaceæ 6 73. Piperaceæ 20
27. Saxifragaceæ (trees) 2 Monocotyledons.
28. Droseraceæ 1
29. Halorageæ 1 74. Orchidaceæ 3
30. Myrtaceæ 6 75. Scitaminaceæ 4
31. Lythraceæ 1 76. Iridaceæ 1
32. Onagraceæ 1 77. Taccaceæ 1
33. Cucurbitaceæ 8 78. Dioscoreaceæ 2
34. Ficoideæ 1 79. Liliaceæ 7
35. Begoniaceæ 1 80. Commelinaceæ 1
36. Umbelliferæ 5 81. Flagellariaceæ 1
37. Araliaceæ 12 82. Juncaceæ 1
38. Rubiaceæ 49 83. Palmaceæ 3
39. Compositæ 70 84. Pandanaceæ 2
40. Lobeliaceæ 58 85. Araceæ 2
41. Goodeniaceæ 8 86. Naiadaceæ 4
42. Vaccinaceæ 2 87. Cyperaceæ 47
43. Epacridaceæ 2 88. Graminaceæ 57
44. Sapotaceæ 3 Vascular Cryptogams.
45. Myrsinaceæ 5
46. Primulaceæ (Lysimachia) Ferns 136
shrubs 6 Lycopodiaceæ 17
47. Plumbaginaceæ 1 Rhizocarpeæ 2

Peculiar Features of the Flora.—This rich insular flora is wonderfully peculiar, for if we deduct 115 species, which are believed to have been introduced by man, there remain 705 species of flowering plants of which 574, or more than four-fifths, are quite peculiar to the islands. There are no less than 38 peculiar genera out of a total of 265 and these 38 genera comprise 254 species, so that the most isolated forms are those which most abound and thus give a special character to the flora. Besides these peculiar types, several genera of wide range are here represented by highly peculiar species. Such are the Hawaiian species of Lobelia which are woody shrubs either creeping or six feet high, while a species of one of the peculiar genera of Lobeliaceæ is a tree reaching a height of forty feet. Shrubby geraniums grow twelve or fifteen feet high, and some vacciniums grow as epiphytes on the trunks of trees. Violets and plantains also form tall shrubby plants, and there are many strange arborescent compositæ, as in other oceanic islands.

The affinities of the flora generally are very wide. Although there are many Polynesian groups, yet Australian, New Zealand, and American forms are equally represented. Dr. Pickering notes the total absence of a large number of families found in Southern Polynesia, such as Dilleniceæa, Anonaceæ, Olacaceæ, Aurantiaceæ, Guttiferæ, Malpighiaceæ, Meliaceæ, Combretaceæ, Rhizophoraceæ, Melastomaceæ, Passifloraceæ, Cunoniaceæ, Jasminaceæ, Acanthaceæ, Myristicaceæ, and Casuaraceæ, as well as the genera Clerodendron, Ficus, and epidendric orchids. Australian affinities are shown by the genera Exocarpus, Cyathodes, Melicope, Pittosporum, and by a phyllodinous Acacia. New Zealand is represented by Ascarina, Coprosma, Acæna, and several Cyperaceæ; while America is represented by the genera Nama, Gunnera, Phyllostegia, Sisyrinchium, and by a red-flowered Rubus and a yellow-flowered Sanicula allied to Oregon species.

There is no true alpine flora on the higher summits, but several of the temperate forms extend to a great elevation. Thus Mr. Pickering records Vaccinium, Ranunculus, Silene, Gnaphalium and Geranium, as occurring above ten

thousand feet elevation; while Viola, Drosera, Acæna, Lobelia, Edwardsia, Dodonæa, Lycopodium, and many Compositæ, range above six thousand feet. Vaccinium and Silene are very interesting, as they are almost peculiar to the North Temperate zone; while many plants allied to Antarctic species are found in the bogs of the high plateaux.

The proportionate abundance of the different families in this interesting flora is as follows:—

1. Compositæ 70 species, 12. Urticaceæ 15 species,
2. Lobeliaceæ 58 ,, 13. Malvaceæ 14 ,,
3. Graminaceæ 57 ,, 14. Convolvulaceæ 14 ,,
4. Rubiaceæ 49 ,, 15. Araliaceæ 12 ,,
5. Cyperaceæ 47 ,, 16. Solanaceæ 12 ,,
6. Labiatæ 39 ,, 17. Euphorbiaceæ 12 ,,
7. Rutaceæ 30 ,, 18. Pittosporaceæ 10 ,,
8. Gesneriaceæ 24 ,, 19. Amarantaceæ 9 ,,
9. Caryophyllaceæ 23 ,, 20. Violaceæ 8 ,,
10. Leguminosæ 21 ,, 21. Goodeniaceæ 8 ,,
11. Piperaceæ 20 ,,

Nine other orders, Geraniaceæ, Rhamnaceæ, Rosaceæ, Myrtaceæ, Primulaceæ, Loganiaceæ, Liliaceæ, Thymelaceæ, and Cucurbitaceæ, have six or seven species each; and among the more important orders which have less than five species each are Ranunculaceæ, Cruciferæ, Vaccinacæ, Apocynaceæ, Boraginaceæ, Scrophulariaceæ, Polygonaceæ, Orchidaceæ, and Juncaceæ. The most remarkable feature here is the great abundance of Lobeliaceæ, a character of the flora which is probably unique; while the superiority of Labiatæ to Leguminosæ and the scarcity of Rosaceæ and Orchidaceæ are also very unusual. Composites, as in most temperate floras, stand at the head of the list, and it will be interesting to note the affinities which they indicate. Omitting eleven species which are cosmopolitan, and have no doubt entered with civilised man, there remain nineteen genera and seventy species of Compositæ in the islands. Sixty-one of the species are peculiar, as are eight of the genera; while the genus Lipochæta with eleven species is only known elsewhere in the Galapagos, where a single species occurs. We may therefore consider that nine out of the nineteen genera of Hawaiian