[126] "Memoirs on the Coleoptera of the Hawaiian Islands." By the Rev. T. Blackburn, B.A., and Dr. D. Sharp. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society. Vol. III. Series II. 1885.
[127] See Hildebrand's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, Introduction, p. xiv.
[128] Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, by W. Hildebrand, M.D., annotated and published after the author's death by W. F. Hildebrand, 1888.
[129] These are obtained from Hildebrand's Flora supplemented by Mr. Bentham's paper in the Journal of the Linnean Society.
[130] Among the curious features of the Hawaiian flora is the extraordinary development of what are usually herbaceous plants into shrubs or trees. Three species of Viola are shrubs from three to five feet high. A shrubby Silene is nearly as tall; and an allied endemic genus, Schiedea, has numerous shrubby species. Geranium arboreum is sometimes twelve feet high. The endemic Compositæ are mostly shrubs, while several are trees reaching twenty or thirty feet in height. The numerous Lobeliaceæ, all endemic, are mostly shrubs or trees, often resembling palms or yuccas in habit, and sometimes twenty-five or thirty feet high. The only native genus of Primulaceæ—Lysimachia—consists mainly of shrubs; and even a plantain has a woody stem sometimes six feet high.
[131] Geological Magazine, 1870, p. 155.
[132] Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, Vol. I. p. 330.
[133] Quarterly Journal of Geological Society, 1850, p. 96.
[134] British Association Report, Dundee, 1867, p. 431.
[135] The list of names was furnished to me by Dr. Günther, and I have added the localities from the papers containing the original descriptions, and from Dr. Haughton's British Freshwater Fishes.