On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region

by Alfred Russel Wallace

Plate I.

Represents the various forms of Papilio Memnon (see pages 6 and 46). N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1. A male, from Borneo (a slight local variety).

Fig. 2. A female, from Java (a variety like P. Agenor, Cr.).

Fig. 3. A female, from Sumatra (a variety near P. Anceus, Cr.). The last two are varieties of the 1st dimorphic form of female in this species.

Fig. 4. A female, from Java (P. Achates, Cr.). The 2nd dimorphic form of female of Papilio Memnon.

Plate II.

Represents the various forms of Papilio Pammon (figs. 1, 3, 5, and 6) and P. Theseus (figs. 2, 4, and 7). (See pages 6, 7, 51, 52, and 53.) N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1. Papilio Pammon; a male, from Malacca.

Fig. 3. The first form of female, closely resembling the male, from India.