On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region

by Alfred Russel Wallace

Fig. 4. The third form of female (P. Amanga, Bd.), from the island of Goram.

Plate IV.

Represents two species allied to Papilio Ormenus, but whose females are not dimorphic (see pages 57 and 58). N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1. A female of Papilio Adrastus, peculiar to the island of Banda (see page 57).

Fig. 3. Papilio Tydeus; a male, from Batchian.

Fig. 2. The female of Papilio Tydeus, exhibiting a single permanent form confined to a small group of islands (Batchian and Gilolo), intermediate between the two forms of Papilio Ormenus ♀ which are represented on Plate III. figs. 3 and 4.

Plate V.

Represents several new species of Papilio, illustrating “local variation.” N.B. The right side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1. The male of Papilio Noctis, from Borneo (see page 41). The female was figured by Mr. Hewitson in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,’ 1859, plate 66. fig. 5.

Fig. 2. Papilio Leodamas, male, from Mysol (see page 42).