Social Environment and Moral Progress - Alfred Russel Wallace

In Chapters [XIII] to XVI I have shown that the well-established laws of Evolution as they really apply to mankind are all favourable to the advance of true Civilisation and of Morality. Our existing competitive and antagonistic Social System alone neutralises their beneficent

operation. That System must therefore be radically changed into one of brotherly co-operation and co-ordination for the equal good of all. To succeed we must make this principle our guide and our pole star in all Social legislation.

Index

Acquired characters, definition of, [104]
characters, on the heredity of, [103]
Adaptation, [106]
Adulteration, [55]
Alcoholism, deaths from, [67]
in women, [68]
statistics of, [68]
America, Central, architecture of, [34]
Animals, natural selection among, [75]
Anthropological Review, [99]
Apes, anthropoid, affinity with man, [93]
Aquatic forms of life, increase of, [85]
Archimedes, [34]
Australian aborigines, character of, [33]
and Caucasians, [34]
Barnardo, Dr., [141]
Beaver, [95]
Bimana, [94]
Brahé, Tycho, [23]
Brain as organ of the mind, [94]
Bribery, [56]
Browning's, Mrs., Cry of the Children, [42]
Buddha, [8]
Capitalism, [152]
Caucasians and Australian aborigines, [34]
Causes of economic evils, [154]
Chambers's Vestiges of Creation, [81]
Character, definition of, [4]
difficulty of knowing good from bad, [5]
mental faculties and, [5]
morality based upon, [5]
not cumulative, [37]
of savage races, [32]
permanence of, [8]
public opinion and, [36]
selective agency to improve, [36]
subject to variation, [36]
transmission of, [4], [7], [36]
variability and, [82]
Characters, acquired, definition of, [104]
acquired, heredity of, [103]
innate, [104], [110]
heredity of, [110]
Chemical trades, evils of, [50]
Child labour, evils of, [41], [43]
Church, the work of the, [118]
Civil law system, [62]
Civilisation during 18th century, [40]
evolution and, [157]
of ancient Egypt, [15], [35]
of ancient India, [8]
of ancient Mesopotamia, [15]
Civilisations, ancient, [112]
Classical writers, our indebtedness to, [115]
Coal mines, accidents in, [43]
child labour in, [43]
female workers in, [43]
insecurity in, [43]
who the, belong to, [45]
Commercial system, immorality of our, [55]
Companies, Limited Liability, [56]
Competition, [154]
Conduct, character and, [5]
environment and, [6]
Confucius, [8]
Cook, Captain, opinion of, on natives of Friendly Isles, [32]
Co-operation, [154], [160]
Criminal law system, [64]
Cruciferæ family, increase of, [84]
Curr, Mr., opinion of, on Australian aborigines, [33]
Cutlery trade, evils of, [50]
Daily Citizen quoted, [51], [52]
Darwin and heredity, [103]
and natural selection, [87], [93], [125]
and transference of selection to mind, [99]
and variability, [82]
on Tahitians, [32]
Darwin's Descent of Man, [93], [125]
Origin of Species, [82]
theory of Pangenesis, [104]
Darwinism and Lamarckism, [78], [81]
and variability, [82]
objections to, [85], [90]
(See also [Evolution], [Lamarckism], [Natural selection], etc.)
Deadly trades, [50]
Dell's, J. H., Dawning Grey quoted, [117]
Descent of Man, Darwin's, [93], [125]
Divine influx into man, [92], [115], [119]
Divorce, [74]
Dutt, Mr. Romesh, quoted, [9]
Dwellings, insanitary, [47]
Economic advance, evils of, [150]
antagonism, [155]
brotherhood, [155]
evils, causes of, [154]
remedies for, [154]
Education, effects of, not hereditary, [111], [114]
extension of period of, [143]
national system of, needed, [146]
of the world, [111]
Egypt, astronomy in ancient, [18]
civilisation of ancient, [15], [35]
intellect in ancient, [16]
Eighteenth century, stationary epoch, [40], [122]
Elephants, increase of, [85]
Environment, laws of heredity and, [103]
modified by man, [95]
not always responsible for specialisation, [106]
remedies, [154]
social, and conduct, [6]
social, character of, [153]
social, during 19th century, [40]
social, evils of, causes of, [154]
Equality of opportunity, [155]
Erman, Prof. Adolf, quoted, [26]
Euclid, [34]
Eugenics, methods of, [127]
science of, established by Sir F. Galton, [127]
Eugenists, [149]
Evil, origin of, problem of, [118]
possible solution of, [119]
Evolution, a rational theory, [81]
acceptance of, [81]
and civilisation, [157]
Lamarckism and, [81]
Chambers and, [81]
Darwin and, [81]
exposition of, by Spencer, [81]
natural selection and, [77]
objections to, [81], [90]
variability of species, [8], [82]
(See also [Darwinism], [Lamarckism], [Natural selection], etc.)
Factory system, development of, [41]
evils of, [41]
Fertility, law of diminishing, [144], [147]
Fines v. imprisonment, [65]
Friendly Isles, natives of, character of, [32]
Galton, Sir Francis, [37]
eugenic theory of, [127]
on laws of increase of population, [127]
Galvanising trade, evils of, [51]
Gambling, immorality of, [59]
in trade, [58]
inconsistent attitude to, [59]
Stock Exchange, [59]
Genius, not cumulative, [37]
not necessarily hereditary, [37];
examples, [38]
Gothic architecture, [34]
Greece, [121]
architecture of ancient, [34]
Heredity and genius, [37]
and "recession to mediocrity," [38]
beneficence of law of, [115]
Darwin and, [103]
importance of subject, [103]
Lamarck and, [104]
laws of, and environment, [103]
misconceptions regarding, [103]
of innate characters, [110]
Herschel, Sir John, [82]
Homer, [8]
Hominidæ, [94]
Human nature, faculties of, [100]
Imprisonment v. fines, [65]
India, architecture of ancient, [34]
intelligence and morality in ancient, [9], [11], [15]
religious conceptions in ancient, [11]
Individuation, [142]
Infantile mortality, Prof. Petrie on, [140]
statistics of, [47], [72]
Injustice, social, [155]
Innate characters, [104]
heredity of, [110]
Insanitary dwellings, [47]
Intellect in ancient India, [9], [11], [15]
permanence of, [15]
Intellectual advance not general, [142]
Jesus Christ, [116]
Justice, administration of, [62]
immorality of, [66], [152]
Lamarck and evolution, [81]
and heredity, [104]
Lamarckism, [78], [89]
and Darwinism, [78]
insufficiency of, as a theory, [80]
Land, access to, [155]
Language, [28]
diversity of, [120]
lowest races possess, [31]
Law, civil, system, [62]
criminal, system, [64]
partiality of the, [65]
Layard, Sir H., [16]
Le Conte, Prof., quoted, [139]
Lead glaze trade, evils of, [50]
Lead poisoning of workers, [51]
Life-destroying trades, [47]
Lyell's Principles of Geology quoted, [78]
Maha-Bharata, Indian epic, quoted, [8]
Malthus, [139]
Mammals, classification of, [94]
Man, affinity of, with anthropoid apes, [93]
and marriage, [133]
dignity of, [91]
Divine influx into, [92], [115], [119]
external differences between, and apes, [93]
modifies his environment, [95]
moral sense in, [91]
nature of, stationary, [102]
position of, [91]
predominance of mind in, [98]
preparation of, for progress, [120]
selection transferred to mind in, [99]
three great races of, [100]
triumph of, over Nature, [95], [150]
Marriage, [143]
freedom of, insisted upon, [128]
man and, [133]
women and, [133]
Mental faculties in formation of character, [5]
Mesopotamia, civilisation of ancient, [15]
Mind, brain the organ of the, [94]
predominance of, in man, [98]
selection transferred to, in man, [99]
Monier-Williams, Sir M., [11]
Monopoly, [155]
Moral degradation, indications of, [67]
progress, definition of, [1]
progress, initiating new era of, [150]
progress through new form of selection, [125]
sense in man, [91]
Morality amongst the ancients, [8]
based upon character, [5]
based upon human nature, [4]
evolution and, [157]
in ancient India, [9]
no definite advance in, [36]
product of environment, [3]
savages and, [31]
standards of, varying, [2]
Morals, definition of, [1]
Natural selection, among animals, [75]
and evolution, [77]
and origin of species, [82]
explanation of, [75], [87]
modification of, by man, [96], [99]
modified by mind, [93]
new form of, [125]
process of, [112]
two modes of, [125]
Nineteenth century, environment during, [40]
movements during, [122]
reaction against forced civilisation during, [41]
O'Grady, Mr. S., quoted, [156]
Oliver's, Sir T., Diseases of Occupation, [53]
Organic nature, development of, [109]
indivisibility of, [109]
Origin of Species, Darwin's, essential features of, [82]
Origin of species, natural selection essential factor in, [82]
Overcrowding, statistics of, [48]
Owen, Sir Richard, and man's affinity with apes, [94]
Pall Mall Gazette, reply to, [76]
Pangenesis, theory of, [104]
Park, Mungo, [101]
Petrie, Prof., quoted, [139]
Plato, [8], [116]
Poor Law, immorality of the, [65]
Population, increase of, laws governing, [141]
social reform and, [138]
Poverty, [130], [143], [151]
Polynesian races, character of, [33]
Preventable deaths, responsibility for, [43]
Primates, [94]
Proctor, Mr. R. A., quoted, [18]
Progress, moral, definition of, [1]
moral, how to initiate era of, [150]
moral, through new form of selection, [125]
Prostitution, [73]
Pyramid of Gizeh as observatory, [23]
purpose of, [17]
structure of, [19]
Quadrumana, [94]
Rawlinson, [16]
Reade's, Martyrdom of Man, [113]
"Recession to mediocrity," heredity and, [38]
Religious conceptions in ancient India, [11]
Remedies for economic evils, [154]
Reproduction, [142]
Rich, dread of, to social reorganisation, [156]
Rome, [121]
Savage races, morality of, [31]
Selection, artificial, [105], [127]
free, in marriage, [133]
Selection, natural, action of, transferred to mind in man, [99]
amongst animals, [75]
and origin of species, [82]
explanation of, [75], [87]
modification of, by man, [96], [99]
modified by mind, [93]
process of, [112]
two modes of, [125]
Selection, new form of, [125]
sexual, [125]
Selective agency to improve character, [36]
Sherard's, Mr. R. H., White Slaves of England, 51 ([note])
Slavery, [2], [115]
Slums, [47], [151]
Smyth, Piazzi, on Pyramids, [18]
Snowden, Philip, [53]
Social environment and conduct, [6]
character of, [153]
during 19th century, [40]
evils of, causes and remedies of, [154]
reorganisation, the rich and, [156]
reform, [143];
and over-population, [138]
Socrates, [8]
Species, increase of, [82], [84]
origin of, natural selection, and, [82]
variability of, [82]
Speech as proof of intelligence, [28]
lowest races possess, [31]
origin and development of, [29]
Spencer, Herbert, [89], [99], [103]
exposition of evolutionary argument by, [81]
on laws of increase of population, [141]
Stanley, Hiram M., quoted, [128]
Struggle for existence, [85], [86]
Suicide, statistics of, [70]
Survival of the fittest, [85], [87], [139]
"Survival value," [39]
Swedenborg, [137]
Tahitians, character of, [32]
Tinning trade, evils of, [51]
Unhealthy trades, [50]
Universe, development and purpose of, [119]
Variability, character and, [36]
basic law of nature, [96]
explanation of, [82]
of species, [82]
purpose of, [90]
Vedas, quoted, [11]
War, [74]
Wealth, increase of, [41], [150]
Webb, Mr. Sidney, quoted, [65]
Women and marriage, [133]
excess in numbers of, [134], [147]
future status of, [147]
in trade, [151]
Workmen's compensation, Prof. Petrie on, [139]
Writing as proof of intelligence, [28]
origin and development of, [29]
Zoophytes, [95]
Zymotic diseases [47]

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