MAMMALIA.
| Huxley (1869), Flower (1870). | Carus (1868). | |||
| Monodelphia |  | 1. Primates |  | 1. Primates. 5. Prosimii. |
| 2. Chiroptera | 2. Chiroptera. | |||
| 3. Insectivora | 3. Insectivora. | |||
| 4. Carnivora | | 6. Carnivora 7. Pinnipedia. | ||
| 12. Natantia. | |||
| 7. Ungulata | | 10. Artiodactyla. 11. Perissodactyla. | ||
| 8. Proboscidea | 9. Proboscidea. | |||
| 9. Hyracoidea | 8. Lamnungia. | |||
| 10. Rodentia | 4. Rodentia. | |||
| 11. Edentata | 13. Bruta. | |||
| Didelphia | 12. Marsupialia | 14. Marsupialia. | ||
| Ornithodelphia | 13. Monotremata | 15. Monotremata. | ||
The above series of orders is arranged according to Professor Flower's Osteology of Mammalia, and they will follow in this succession throughout my work. Professor Huxley arranges the same orders in a different series.
In determining the manner in which the several orders shall be subdivided into families, I have been guided in my choice of classifications mainly by the degree of attention the author appears to have paid to the group, and his known ability as a systematic zoologist; and in a less degree by considerations of convenience as regards the special purposes of geographical distribution. In many cases it is a matter of great doubt whether a certain group should form several distinct families or be united into one or two; but one method may bring out the peculiarities of distribution much better than the other, and this is, in our case, a sufficient reason for adopting it.
For the Primates I follow, with some modifications, the classification of Mr. St. George Mivart given in his article "Apes" in the new edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, and in his paper in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1865, p. 547. It is as follows:
| Order—PRIMATES, divided into two Sub-orders: | |
| I. | Anthropoidea. |
| II. | Lemuroidea. |
| Sub-order—Anthropoidea. | ||||
| Fam. | ||||
| Hominidæ | Man. | |||
| Simii |  | 1. | Simiidæ | Anthropoid Apes. |
| 2. | Semnopithecidæ | Old-world Monkeys. | ||
| 3. | Cynopithecidæ | Baboons and Macaques. | ||
| Cebii | | 4. | Cebidæ | American Monkeys. |
| 5. | Hapalidæ | Marmosets. | ||
| Sub-order—Lemuroidea. | |
| Fam. | |
| 6. Lemuridæ | Lemurs. |
| 7. Tarsiidæ | Tarsiers. |
| 8. Chiromyidæ | Aye-ayes. |
Omitting man (for reasons stated in the preface) the three first families are considered by Professor Mivart to be sub-families of Simiidæ; but as the geographical distribution of the Old World apes is especially interesting, it is thought better to treat them as families, a rank which is claimed for the anthropoid apes by many naturalists.
As no good systematic work on the genera and species of bats has been yet published, I adopt the five families as generally used in this country, with the genera as given in the papers of Dr. J. E. Gray and Mr. Tomes. A monograph by Dr. Peters has long been promised, and his outline arrangement was published in 1865, but this will perhaps be materially altered when the work appears.