Names in italics show genera peculiar to the region.
Names inclosed thus (......) show genera which just enter the region, but are not considered properly to belong to it.
Genera which undoubtedly belong to the region are numbered consecutively.
| MAMMALIA. | |||||
| Order, Family, and Genus. | No. of Species. | Range within the Region. | Range beyond the Region. | ||
| PRIMATES. | |||||
| Simiidæ. | |||||
| 1. | Troglodytes | 2 | W. Africa to Western Nile Sources | ||
| Semnopithecidæ. | |||||
| 2. | Colobus | 11 | Abyssinia to West Africa | ||
| Cynopithecidæ. | |||||
| 3. | Myiopithecus | 1 | West Africa | ||
| 4. | Cercopithecus | 24 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 5. | Cercocebus | 5 | West Africa | ||
| 6. | Theropithecus | 2 | North-east Africa, Arabia | Palestine | |
| 7. | Cynocephalus | 10 | Nubia to Cape, W. Africa, Arabia | ||
| (Sub-Order) LEMUROIDEA. | |||||
| Lemuridæ. | |||||
| 8. | Indris | 6 | Madagascar | ||
| 9. | Lemur | 15 | Madagascar | ||
| 10. | Hapalemur | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| 11. | Microcebus | 4 | Madagascar | ||
| 12. | Chirogaleus | 5 | Madagascar | ||
| 13. | Lepilemur | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| 14. | Perodicticus | 1 | Sierra Leone | ||
| 15. | Arctocebus | 1 | Old Calabar | ||
| 16. | Galago | 14 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Chiromyidæ. | |||||
| 17. | Chiromys | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| CHIROPTERA. | |||||
| Pteropidæ. | |||||
| 18. | Pteropus | 7 | Africa and Madagascar | Tropics of Eastern Hemisphere | |
| 19. | Xantharpya | 1 | All Africa | Oriental, Austro-Malayan | |
20. | Cynopterus | 1 | Tropical Africa | Oriental | |
| 21. | Epomophorus | 6 | Tropical Africa and Abyssinia | ||
| 22. | Hypsignathus | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| Rhinolophidæ. | |||||
| 23. | Rhinolophus | 6 | Africa and Madagascar | Warmer parts of Eastern Hemisphere | |
| 24. | Macronycterys | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 25. | Phyllorhina | 4 | Tropical Africa | Indo-Malaya, Austro-Malaya | |
| 26. | Asellia | 1 | Nubia | Indo-Malaya, Austro-Malaya | |
| 27. | Megaderma | 1 | Senegal, Upper Nile | Oriental, Moluccas | |
| 28. | Nycteris | 3 | All Africa | Java | |
| Vespertilionidæ. | |||||
| 29. | Vespertilio | 14 | Africa and Madagascar | Cosmopolite | |
| 30. | Kerivoula | 1 | S. Africa | Oriental | |
| 31. | Miniopteris | 1 | S. Africa | Indo-Malaya | |
| 32. | Nycticejus | 7 | Tropical Africa | India | |
| 33. | Taphozous | 2 | Africa and Madagascar | Oriental, Austro-Malayan, Neotropical | |
| Noctilionidæ. | |||||
| 34. | Nyctinomus | 1 | Madagascar | Oriental, American, S. Palæarctic | |
| 35. | Molossus | 3 | Africa, Bourbon | Neotropical, S. Palæarctic | |
| INSECTIVORA. | |||||
| Macroscelididæ. | |||||
| 36. | Macroscelides | 2 | South and East Africa | N. Africa | |
| 37. | Petrodromus | 1 | Mozambique | ||
| 38. | Rhynchocyon | 1 | Mozambique | ||
| Erinaceidæ. | |||||
| 39. | Erinaceus | 2 | Cen. and South Africa | Palæarctic, N. India | |
| Centetidæ. | |||||
| 40. | Centetes | 2 | Madagascar and Mauritius | ||
| 41. | Hemicentetes | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| 42. | Ericulus | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| 43. | Oryzorictes | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 44. | Echinops | 3 | Madagascar | ||
| Potamogalidæ. | |||||
| 45. | Potamogale | 1 | Old Calabar | ||
| Chrysochloridæ. | |||||
| 46. | Chrysochloris | 3 | Cape to Mozambique | ||
| Soricidæ. | |||||
| 47. | Sorex | 15 | All Africa and Madagascar | Palæarc., Nearc., Ori | |
CARNIVORA. | |||||
| Felidæ. | |||||
| 48. | Felis | 8 | All Africa | All reg. but Australian | |
| 49. | Lynx[?] | 1 | N. and S. Africa | Palæarctic and Nearctic | |
| 50. | Cynælurus | 1 | Cape of Good Hope | ||
| Cryptoproctidæ. | |||||
| 51. | Cryptoprocta | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| Viverridæ. | |||||
| 52. | Viverra | 1 | Tropical Africa | Oriental | |
| 53. | Genetta | 4 | Tropical and S. Africa | S. Palæarctic | |
| 54. | Fossa | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| 55. | Poiana | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 56. | Galidia | 3 | Madagascar | ||
| 57. | Nandinia | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 58. | Galidictis | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| 59. | Herpestes | 13 | All Africa | S. Europe, Oriental | |
| 60. | Athylax | 3 | S. and E. Africa(?) Madagascar | ||
| 61. | Calogale | 9 | Tropical and S. Africa | Oriental | |
| 62. | Galerella | 1 | E. Africa | ||
| 63. | Ariela | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 64. | Ichneumia | 4 | E. Africa, Senegal, S. Africa | ||
| 65. | Bdeogale | 3 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 66. | Helogale | 2 | E. and S. Africa | ||
| 67. | Cynictis | 3 | S. Africa | ||
| 68. | Rhinogale | 1 | E. Africa | ||
| 69. | Mungos | 3 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 70. | Crossarchus | 1 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 71. | Eupleres | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 72. | Suricata | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| Protelidæ. | |||||
| 73. | Proteles | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| Hyænidæ. | |||||
| 74. | Hyæna | 3 | All Africa | S. Palæarctic, India | |
| Canidæ. | |||||
| 75. | Lycaon | 1 | S., Central, and E. Africa | ||
| 76. | Canis | 5 | All Africa | Almost Cosmopolitan | |
| 77. | Megalotis | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| Mustelidæ. | |||||
| 78. | Mustela | 1 | Angola | Palæarctic, Nearctic | |
| 79. | Gymnopus[?] | 1 | S. Africa | Oriental | |
| 80. | Aonyx | 1 | S. and W. Africa | Oriental | |
| 81. | Hydrogale | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 82. | Mellivora | 2 | South and Tropical Africa | India | |
| 83. | Ictonyx | 2 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Otariidæ. | |||||
| 84. | Arctocephalus | 1 | Cape of Good Hope | South Temperate Zone | |
SIRENIA. | |||||
| Manatidæ. | |||||
| 85. | Manatus | 1 | W. Africa | Tropical America | |
| 86. | Halicore | 1 | E. Africa | Oriental and Australian | |
| UNGULATA. | |||||
| Equidæ. | |||||
| 87. | Equus | 3 | Tropical and S. Africa | Palæarctic | |
| Rhinocerotidæ. | |||||
| 88. | Rhinoceros | 4 | All Tropical and S. Africa | Oriental | |
| Hippopotamidæ. | |||||
| 89. | Hippopotamus | 2 | Great Rivers of Africa | ||
| Suidæ. | |||||
| 90. | Potamochœrus | 3 | Tropical Africa and Madg. | ||
| 91. | Phacochœrus | 2 | Abyssinia to Caffraria | ||
| Tragulidæ. | |||||
| 92. | Hyomoschus | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| Camelopardalidæ. | |||||
| 93. | Camelopardalis | 1 | All open country | ||
| Bovidæ. | |||||
| 94. | Bubalus | 3 | Trop. and S. Africa | India | |
| 95. | Oreas | 2 | Africa S. of Sahara | ||
| 96. | Tragelaphus | 8 | Africa S. of Sahara | ||
| 97. | Oryx | 3 | Arabian and African deserts | S. Palæarctic | |
| 98. | Gazella | 12 | Africa N. of Equator and S. Africa | Palæarctic Deserts | |
| 99. | Æpyceros | 1 | S. E. Africa | ||
| 100. | Cervicapra | 4 | All Tropical Africa | ||
| 101. | Kobus | 6 | Pastures of all Africa | ||
| 102. | Pelea | 1 | South Africa | ||
| 103. | Nanotragus | 9 | Africa S. of Sahara | ||
| 104. | Neotragus | 1 | Abyssinia and N. E. Africa | ||
| 105. | Cephalophus | 22 | All tropical Africa | ||
| 106. | Hippotragus | 3 | Gambia, Central Africa to Cape | ||
| 107. | Alcephalus | 9 | All Africa | ||
| 108. | Catoblepas | 2 | Africa S. of Equator | ||
| (Capra | 1 | Abyssinia, high) | Palæarctic genus | ||
| PROBOSCIDEA. | |||||
| Elephantidæ. | |||||
| 109. | Elephas | 1 | Tropical and S. Africa | Oriental | |
HYRACOIDEA. | |||||
| Hyracidæ. | |||||
| 110. | Hyrax | 10 | Tropical and S. Africa | Syria | |
| RODENTIA. | |||||
| Muridæ. | |||||
| 111. | Mus | 26 | All Africa | E. Hemis. excl. Oceania | |
| 112. | Lasiomys | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 113. | Acanthomys | 4 | Tropical Africa | India | |
| 114. | Cricetomys | 1 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 115. | Saccostomus | 2 | Mozambique | ||
| 116. | Dendromys | 2 | S. Africa | ||
| 117. | Nesomys | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 118. | Steatomys | 2 | East and S. Africa | ||
| 119. | Pelomys | 1 | Mozambique | ||
| 120. | Otomys | 6 | S. and E. Africa | ||
| 121. | Meriones | 14 | Africa | Palæarctic, India | |
| 122. | Malacothrix | 2 | S. Africa | ||
| 123. | Mystromys | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 124. | Brachytarsomys | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 125. | Hypogeomys | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 126. | Lophiomys | 1 | S. Arabia and N. E. Africa | ||
| Spalacidæ. | |||||
| 127. | Rhizomys | 4 | Abyssinia | Oriental to Malacca | |
| 128. | Bathyerges | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 129. | Georychus | 6 | E. Central, and S. Africa | ||
| 130. | Heliophobius | 1 | Mozambique | ||
| Dipodidæ. | |||||
| 131. | Dipus | 7 | N. and Central Africa | Central Palæarctic | |
| 132. | Pedetes | 1 | S. Af. to Mozambique and Angola | ||
| Myoxidæ. | |||||
| 133. | Myoxus | 1 | Africa to Cape | Palæarctic | |
| Sciuridæ. | |||||
| 134. | Sciurus | 18 | All woody districts of Africa | All regions but Australia | |
| 135. | Anomalurus | 5 | W. Africa and Fernando Po. | ||
| Octodontidæ. | |||||
| 136. | Pectinator | 1 | Abyssinia | ||
| Echimyidæ. | |||||
| 137. | Petromys | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 138. | Aulacodes | 1 | W., E., and S. Africa | ||
| Hystricidæ. | |||||
| 139. | Hystrix | 1 | Africa to Cape | S. Palæarctic Oriental | |
| 140. | Atherura | 1 | W. Africa | Palæarctic | |
Leporidæ. | |||||
| 141. | Lepus | 5 | East and South Africa | All regions but Australian | |
| EDENTATA. | |||||
| Manididæ. | |||||
| 142. | Manis | 4 | Sennaar to W. Africa and Cape | Oriental | |
| Orycteropodidæ. | |||||
| 143. | Orycteropus | 2 | N. E. Africa to Nile Sources, and S. Africa | ||
| BIRDS. | |||||
| PASSERES. | |||||
| Turdidæ. | |||||
| 1. | Turdus | 13 | The whole reg. (excl. Madagas.) | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 2. | Monticola | 2 | S. Africa | Palæarctic and Oriental | |
| 3. | Chætops | 3 | S. Africa | ||
| 4. | Bessonornis | 15 | The whole region | Palestine | |
| Sylviidæ. | |||||
| 5. |  | Drymœca | 70 | The whole region | Palestine |
| 6. | Cisticola | 13 | The whole region | ||
| 7. | Sphenœacus | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 8. | Camaroptera | 5 | Africa | ||
| 9. |  | Acrocephalus | 8 | The whole region | Palæarc., Orien., Austral. |
| 10. | Bradyptetus | 8 | Abyssinia and S. Africa | ||
| 11. | Catriscus | 3 | All Africa | ||
| 12. | Bernieria | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 13. | Ellisia | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 14. | Mystacornis | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 15. | | Phylloscopus | 1 | S. Africa | Palæarctic, Oriental |
| 16. | Eremomela | 16 | All Africa | ||
| 17. | Eroessa | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 18. | Hypolais | 2 | S. Africa | ||
| 19. |  | Aedon | 8 | E. and S. Africa | Palæarctic |
| 20. | Sylvia | 3 | N. E. Africa, Gambia, Cape Verd Ids. | ||
| 21. | Curruca | 2 | S. Africa | ||
| 22. |  | Ruticilla | 2 | Abyssinia and Senegal | Palæarctic, Oriental |
| 23. | Cyanecula | 2 | N. E. Africa | ||
| 24. |  | Copsychus | 2 | Madagascar and Seychelle Ids. | Oriental |
| 25. | Thamnobia | 7 | All Africa | ||
| 26. | Cercotrichas | 2 | W. and N. E. Africa | ||
| 27. | Pœoptera | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 28. | Gervasia | 2 | Madagascar and Seychelle Ids. | ||
| 29. | Dromolæa | 13 | All Africa | ||
| 30. | Saxicola | 14 | Central, E. and S. Africa | ||
| 31. | Cercomela | 3 | N. E. Africa | ||
| 32. | Pratincola | 7 | Africa and Madagascar | ||
Timaliidæ. | |||||
| 33. | Chatarrhæa | 1 | Abyssinia | Oriental, Palestine | |
| 34. | Crateropus | 17 | All Africa | N. Africa, Persia | |
| 35. | Hypergerus | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 36. | Cichladusa | 3 | W. and E. Africa | ||
| 37. | Alethe | 4 | W. Africa | ||
| 38. | Oxylabes | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| Cinclidæ.[?] | |||||
| 39. | Mesites | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| Troglodytidæ.[?] | |||||
| 40. | Sylvietta | 2 | Central, E. and S. Africa | ||
| Sittidæ. | |||||
| 41. | Hypherpes | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| Paridæ. | |||||
| 42. | Parus | 5 | All Africa | Palæarc., Orien., Nearc. | |
| 43. | Parisoma | 5 | All Africa | ||
| 44. | Ægithalus | 4 | W., Central, and S. Africa | Palæarctic | |
| 45. | Parinia | 1 | W. Africa, Prince's Island | ||
| Pycnonotidæ. | |||||
| 46. | Pycnonotus | 8 | All Africa | S. Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 47. | Phyllastrephus | 4 | W. and S. Africa | ||
| 48. | Hypsipetes | 4 | Madagascar and Mascarene Ids. | Oriental | |
| 49. | Tylas | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 50. | Criniger | 14 | W. and S. Africa | Oriental | |
| 51. | Ixonotus | 8 | W. Africa | ||
| 52. | Andropadus | 9 | Africa and Madagascar | ||
| 53. | Lioptilus | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| Oriolidæ. | |||||
| 54. | Oriolus | 10 | All Africa | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 55. | Artamia[?] | 3 | Madagascar | ||
| 56. | Cyanolanius[?] | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| Campephagidæ. | |||||
| 57. | Lanicterus | 5 | All Africa | ||
| 58. | Oxynotus | 2 | Mauritius and Bourbon | ||
| 59. | Campephaga | 5 | The whole region | Celebes to New Caledonia | |
| Dicruridæ. | |||||
| 60. | Dicrurus | 11 | The whole region | Oriental, Australian | |
| Muscicapidæ. | |||||
| 61. | Butalis | 3 | All Africa | Palæarctic, N. Oriental | |
| 62. | Muscicapa | 10 | All tropical Africa | Palæarctic | |
| 63. | Alseonax | 4 | S. Africa | Oriental | |
| 64. | Newtonia | 1 | Madagascar | ||
65. | Hyliota | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| 66. | Erythrocercus | 2 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 67. | Artomyias | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| 68. | Pseudobias | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 69. | Smithorius | 2 | W. and S. Africa | ||
| 70. | Megabias | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 71. | Cassinia | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| 72. | Bias | 1 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 73. | Elminia | 2 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 74. | Platystira | 12 | All Africa | ||
| 75. | Tchitrea | 18 | The whole region | Oriental | |
| 76. | Pogonocichla | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 77. | Bradyornis | 7 | All Africa | ||
| Laniidæ. | |||||
| 78. | Parmoptila[?] | 1 | W. Africa. | ||
| 79. | Calicalicus | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 80. | Lanius | 15 | All Africa | Palæarc., Orien., Nearc. | |
| 81. | Hypocolius | 1 | Abyssinia | ||
| 82. | Corvinella | 1 | S. and W. Africa | ||
| 83. | Urolestes | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 84. | Fraseria | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| 85. | Hypodes | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 86. | Cuphoterus | 1 | Prince's Island | ||
| 87. | Nilaus | 1 | All Africa | ||
| 88. | Prionops | 9 | All Africa | ||
| 89. | Eurocephalus | 2 | N. E. and S. Africa | ||
| 90. | Chaunonotus | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 91. | Vanga | 4 | Madagascar | ||
| 92. | Laniarius | 38 | All Africa, Madagascar[?] | ||
| 93. | Meristes | 2 | W. and S. E. Africa | ||
| 94. | Nicator | 1 | E. Africa | ||
| 95. | Telephonus | 10 | All Africa | N. Africa | |
| Corvidæ. | |||||
| 96. | Ptilostomus | 2 | W. and E. Africa | ||
| 97. | Corvus | 7 | All Africa and Madagascar | Cosmop., excl. S. Amer. | |
| 98. | Corvultur | 2 | N. E. to S. Africa | ||
| 99. | Picathartes | W. Africa | |||
| (Fregilus | 1 | Abyssinia) | Palæarctic genus | ||
| Nectariniidæ. | |||||
| 100. | Nectarinia | 55 | The whole region | ||
| 101. | Promerops | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 102. | Cinnyricinclus | 4 | W. Africa | ||
| 103. | Neodrepanis | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| Dicæidæ. | |||||
| 104. | Zosterops | 23 | The whole region | Oriental and Australian | |
| 105. | Pholidornis | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| Hirundinidæ. | |||||
| 106. | Hirundo | 17 | The whole region | Cosmopolite | |
107. | Psalidoprogne | 10 | The whole region | ||
| 108. | Phedina | 2 | Madagascar and Mauritius | ||
| 109. | Petrochelidon | 1 | S. Africa | Neotropical | |
| 110. | Chelidon | 1 | Bogos-land | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 111. | Cotyle | 6 | All Africa | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 112. | Waldenia | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| Fringillidæ. | |||||
| 113. | Dryospiza | 8 | All Africa | S. Palæarctic | |
| 114. | Chlorospiza | 4 | Abyssinia to Cape | Palæarctic | |
| 115. | Passer | 18 | All Africa | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 116. | Crithagra | 12 | All Africa | N. Africa, Syria | |
| 117. | Ligurnus | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| (Erythrospiza | 1 | Nubia, Arabia) | S. Palæarctic genus | ||
| 118. | Pinicola[?] | 1 | Cameroons, W. Africa | N. Temperate genus | |
| 119. | Fringillaria | 9 | All Africa | South Palæarctic | |
| Ploceidæ. | |||||
| 120. | Textor | 5 | All Africa | ||
| 121. | Hyphantornis | 32 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 122. | Symplectes | 8 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 123. | Malimbus | 9 | W. and E. Africa | ||
| 124. | Ploceus | 2 | W. and E. Africa | Oriental | |
| 125. | Nelicurvius | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 126. | Foudia | 11 | Tropical Africa, Madagascar, &c. | ||
| 127. | Sporopipes | 1 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 128. | Pyromelana | 12 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 129. | Philetærus | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 130. | Nigrita | 7 | W. and N. E. Africa | ||
| 131. | Plocepasser | 4 | E. and S. Africa | ||
| 132. | Vidua | 6 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 133. | Colliuspasser | 9 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 134. | Chera | 1 | S. Africa | ||
| 135. | Spermospiza | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| 136. | Pyrenestes | 6 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 137. | Estrilda | 16 | Tropical and S. Africa | Oriental | |
| 138. | Pytelia | 20 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 139. | Hypargos | 2 | E. Africa, Madagascar | ||
| 140. | Amadina | 6 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 141. | Spermestes | 7 | The whole region | ||
| 142. | Amauresthes | 1 | E. and W. Africa | ||
| 143. | Hypochera | 2 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Sturnidæ. | |||||
| 144. | Dilophus | 1 | S. Africa, Loanda, Sennaar | ||
| 145. | Buphaga | 2 | Trop. and S. Africa ([?] a family) | ||
| 146. | Euryceros | 1 | Madagascar ([?] a family) | ||
| 147. | Juida | 5 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 148. | Lamprocolius | 16 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 149. | Cinnyricinclus | 2 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 150. | Onychognathus | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| 151. | Spreo | 5 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 152. | Amydrus | 5 | N. E. Africa | Palestine | |
| 153. | Hartlaubius | 1 | Madagascar | ||
154. | Falculia | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 155. | Fregilupus | 1 | Bourbon | ||
| Alaudidæ. | |||||
| 156. | Alauda | 3 | Abyssinia and S. W. Africa | Palæarctic, Indian | |
| 157. | Spizocorys | 1 | South Africa | ||
| 158. | Galerida | 4 | North of tropical Africa | Palæarctic, Indian | |
| 159. | Calendula | 2 | Abyssinia, S. Africa | ||
| (Melanocorypha | 1 | Abyssinia) | Palæarctic genus | ||
| 160. | Certhilauda | 3 | South Africa | S. Europe | |
| 161. | Alaemon | 3 | South Africa | S. Palæarctic | |
| 162. | Heterocorys | 1 | South Africa | ||
| 163. | Mirafra | 10 | South Africa, Madagascar | Oriental, Australian | |
| 164. | Ammomanes | 4 | African deserts | S. Palæarctic, Indian | |
| 165. | Megalophonus | 5 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 166. | Tephrocorys | 2 | S. Africa | ||
| 167. | Pyrrhulauda | 6 | Tropical and S. Africa | Oriental, Canary Islands | |
| Motacillidæ. | |||||
| 168. | Budytes | 8 | The whole region | Palæarctic, Oriental, Australian | |
| 169. | Anthus | 10 | Tropical and S. Africa | All regions, exc. Australia | |
| 170. | Macronyx | 4 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Pittidæ. | |||||
| 171. | Pitta | 1 | W. Africa | Oriental, Australian | |
| Paictidæ. | |||||
| 172. | Philepitta | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| PICARIÆ. | |||||
| Picidæ. | |||||
| 173. | Verreauxia | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 174. | Dendropicus | 14 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 175. | Campethera | 14 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 176. | Geocolaptes | 1 | South Africa | ||
| Yungidæ. | |||||
| 177. | Yunx | 1 | N. E. Africa, S. Africa | Palæarctic | |
| Indicatoridæ. | |||||
| 178. | Indicator | 8 | Tropical and S. Africa | Oriental | |
| Megalæmidæ. | |||||
| 179. | Pogonorhynchus | 14 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 180. | Buccanodon | 1 | West Africa | ||
| 181. | Stactolæma | 1 | West Africa | ||
| 182. | Barbatula | 9 | West and South Africa | ||
| 183. | Xylobucco | 3 | West and South Africa | ||
| 184. | Gymnobucco | 3 | West Africa | ||
| 185. | Trachyphonus | 6 | Tropical and South Africa | ||
| Musophagidæ. | |||||
| 186. | Musophaga | 2 | West Africa | ||
187. | Turacus | 10 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 188. | Schizorhis | 6 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Coliidæ. | |||||
| 189. | Colius | 7 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Cuculidæ. | |||||
| 190. | Ceuthmochares | 2 | Africa and Madagascar | ||
| 191. | Coua | 9 | Madagascar | ||
| 192. | Cochlothraustes | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 193. | Centropus | 8 | Africa and Madagascar | Oriental, Australian | |
| 194. | Cuculus | 10 | Africa and Madagascar | Palæarc., Orien., Austral. | |
| 195. | Chrysococcyx | 7 | Tropical and S. Africa | Oriental, Australian | |
| 196. | Coccystes | 6 | Tropical and S. Africa | S. Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| Leptosomidæ. | |||||
| 197. | Leptosomus | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| Coraciidæ. | |||||
| 198. | Coracias | 5 | Africa and Madagascar | S. Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 199. | Eurystomus | 3 | Africa and Madagascar | Oriental, Australian | |
| 200. | Atelornis | 2 | Madagascar | ||
| 201. | Brachypteracias | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 202. | Geobiastes | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| Meropidæ. | |||||
| 203. | Merops | 11 | Africa and Madagascar | S. Palæar., Orien., Austral. | |
| 204. | Melittophagus | 5 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Trogonidæ. | |||||
| 205. | Apaloderma | 2 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Alcedinidæ. | |||||
| 206. | Alcedo | 2 | W. Africa, Abyssinia, Natal | Palæar., Orien., Austral. | |
| 207. | Corythornis | 3 | Africa and Madagascar | ||
| 208. | Ceryle | 1 | W. Africa, Abyssinia, Natal | American, Palæarctic | |
| 209. | Myioceyx | 2 | West Africa | ||
| 210. | Ispidina | 4 | Africa and Madagascar | ||
| 211. | Halcyon | 10 | Africa, Prince's Is., St. Thomé | S. Palæar., Orien., Austral. | |
| Bucerotidæ. | |||||
| 212. | Berenicornis | 1 | West Africa | Malaya | |
| 213. | Tockus | 12 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 214. | Bycanistes | 6 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 215. | Bucoreus | 2 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Upupidæ. | |||||
| 216. | Upupa | 3 | Africa and Madagascar | S. Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| Irrisoridæ. | |||||
| 217. | Irrisor | 12 | Africa and Madagascar | ||
Caprimulgidæ. | |||||
| 218. | Caprimulgus | 18 | Africa and Madagascar | Palæarc., Orien., Austral. | |
| 219. | Scortornis | 3 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 220. | Macrodipteryx | 2 | W. Africa to Abyssinia | ||
| 221. | Cosmetornis | 1 | Tropical Africa to the Zambesi | ||
| Cypselidæ. | |||||
| 222. | Cypselus | 6 | The whole region | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 223. | Collocalia | 1 | Mascarene Ids., Madagascar | Oriental, Australian | |
| 224. | Chætura | 4 | Tropical Africa and Madagascar | Cosmop., exc. W. Palæarctic | |
| PSITTACI. | |||||
| Palæornithidæ. | |||||
| 225. | Palæornis | 3 | W. Africa to Abys. & Mauritius | Oriental | |
| Psittacidæ. | |||||
| 226. | Coracopsis | 5 | Madagascar and Seychelle Ids. | ||
| 227. | Psittacus | 2 | W. Africa | ||
| 228. | Pœocephalus | 9 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 229. | Agapornis | 4 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 230. | Poliopsitta | 2 | Trop. Africa and Madagascar | ||
| COLUMBÆ. | |||||
| Columbidæ. | |||||
| 231. | Treron | 6 | Africa and Madagascar | Oriental | |
| 232. | Alectrænas | 5 | Madagascar and Masc. Ids. (extct. in Mauritius and Rodriguez) | ||
| 233. | Columba | 12 | Africa and Madagascar | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 234. | Œna | 1 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 235. | Turtur | 10 | Africa, Madagascar, Comoro and Seychelle Islands | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 236. | Aplopelia | 4 | Abyssinia, S. Africa and West African Islands | ||
| 237. | Chalcopelia | 3 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Dididæ. (extinct) | |||||
| 238. | Didus | 5 | Mascarene Islands | ||
| GALLINÆ. | |||||
| Pteroclidæ. | |||||
| 239. | Pterocles | 9 | Africa and Madagascar | S. Palæarctic, Indian | |
| Tetraonidæ. | |||||
| 240. | Ptilopachus | 1 | West Africa | ||
| 241. | Francolinus | 30 | Africa and Madagascar | S. Palæarctic, Indian | |
| 242. | Peliperdix | 1 | West Africa | ||
| 243. | Margaroperdix | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 244. | Coturnix | 2 | Tropical and S. Africa | Palæar., Orient., Austral. | |
| (Caccabis | 1 | Abyssinia) | Palæarctic genus | ||
| Phasianidæ. | |||||
| 245. | Phasidus | 1 | West Africa | ||
246. | Agelastes | 1 | West Africa | ||
| 247. | Acryllium | 1 | West Africa | ||
| 248. | Numida | 9 | Africa to Natal and Madagascar | ||
| Turnicidæ. | |||||
| 249. | Turnix | 4 | S. Africa and Madagascar | Palæarc., Orient., Austrl. | |
| 250. | Ortyxelos | 1 | Africa | ||
| ACCIPITRES. | |||||
| Vulturidæ. | |||||
| 251. | Gyps | 2 | Africa, except W. sub-region | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 252. | Pseudogyps | 1 | N. E. Africa to Senegal | Oriental | |
| 253. | Otogyps | 1 | N. E. and S. Africa | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 254. | Lophogyps | 1 | N. E. and S. Africa and Senegal | ||
| 255. | Neophron | 2 | Africa, excl. west coast | S. Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| Falconidæ. | |||||
| 256. | Polyboroides | 2 | Africa and Madagascar | ||
| 257. | Circus | 4 | Africa and Madagascar | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 258. | Urotriorchis | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 259. | Melierax | 5 | Africa, excl. west coast | ||
| 260. | Astur | 5 | Africa and Madagascar | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 261. | Nisoides | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 262. | Eutriorchis | 1 | Madagascar | ||
| 263. | Accipiter | 8 | Africa and Madagascar | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 264. | Buteo | 5 | Africa and Madagascar | Cosmop., excl. Austral. | |
| 265. | Gypaëtus | 1 | N. E. and S. Africa | S. Palæarctic | |
| 266. | Aquila | 5 | All Africa | Nearc., Palæarc., Indian | |
| 267. | Nisaëtus | 1 | W. Africa | S. Palæarctic, Oriental, Australia | |
| 268. | Spizaëtus | 3 | All Africa | Neotropical, Oriental to N. Guinea | |
| 269. | Lophoætus | 1 | All Africa | ||
| 270. | Asturinula | 1 | Tropical Africa | ||
| 271. | Dryotriorchis | 1 | W. Africa | ||
| 272. | Circaëtus | 5 | All Africa | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 273. | Butastur | 1 | N. E. Africa | Oriental to New Guinea | |
| 274. | Helotarsus | 2 | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| 275. | Haliæetus | 2 | The whole region | Cosmopolite, excl. Neotropical region | |
| 276. | Gypohierax | 1 | West and East Africa | ||
| 277. | Elanoides | 1 | West and N. E. Africa | ||
| 278. | Milvus | 1 | The whole region | The Eastern Hemisphere | |
| 279. | Elanus | 1 | Africa | India to Australia | |
| 280. | Machærhamphus | 1 | S. W. Africa and Madagascar | Malacca | |
| 281. | Pernis | 1 | S. Africa and Madagascar | Palæarctic, Oriental | |
| 282. | Baza | 3 | Africa and Madagascar | India to N. Australia | |
| 283. | Poliohierax | 1 | East Africa | Burmah | |
| 284. | Falco | 4 | All Africa | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 285. | Cerchneis | 8 | The whole region | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| Serpentariidæ. | |||||
| 286. | Serpentarius | 1 | The greater part of Africa | ||
Pandionidæ. | |||||
| 287. | Pandion | 1 | All Africa | Cosmopolite | |
| Strigidæ. | |||||
| 288. | Athene | 5 | Africa and Madagascar, Rodriquez (extinct) | Palæarctic, Oriental, Australian | |
| 289. | Bubo | 8 | Africa and Madagascar | Cosmopolite | |
| 290. | Scotopelia | 2 | West and S. Africa to Zambesi | ||
| 291. | Scops | 3 | W. and S. Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Islands | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 292. | Syrnium | 2 | Africa | Palæarctic, Oriental, American | |
| 293. | Asio | 1 | N. E. and S. Africa | Cosmopolite | |
| 294. | Strix | 4 | Africa and Madagascar | Cosmopolite | |
| Peculiar or very characteristic Genera of Wading and Swimming Birds. | |||||
| GRALLÆ. | |||||
| Rallidæ. | |||||
| Himantornis | 1 | West Africa | |||
| Podica | 3 | Africa | Burmah | ||
| Glareolidæ. | |||||
| Cursorius | 8 | All Africa | S. Europe, India | ||
| Otididæ. | |||||
| Eupodotis | 16 | All Africa | India, Australia | ||
| Gruidæ. | |||||
| Balearica | 2 | All Africa | |||
| Ardeidæ. | |||||
| Balæniceps | 1 | Upper Nile | |||
| Plataleidæ. | |||||
| Scopus | 1 | Tropical and S. Africa | |||
| ANSERES. | |||||
| Anatidæ. | |||||
| Thalassornis | 1 | South Africa | |||
| STRUTHIONES. | |||||
| Struthionidæ. | |||||
| 295. | Struthio | 2 | All Africa | Syria | |
| Æpyornithidæ. | |||||
| 296. | Æpyornis | 3[?] | Madagascar | ||
CHAPTER XII.
THE ORIENTAL REGION.
This region is of comparatively small extent, but it has a very diversified surface, and is proportionately very rich. The deserts on the north-west of India are the debatable land that separates it from the Palæarctic and Ethiopian regions. The great triangular plateau which forms the peninsula of India is the poorest portion of the region, owing in part to its arid climate and in part to its isolated position; for there can be little doubt that in the later Tertiary period it was an island, separated by an arm of the sea (now forming the valleys of the Ganges and Indus) from the luxuriant Himalayan and Burmese countries. Its southern extremity, with Ceylon, has a moister climate and more luxuriant vegetation, and exhibits indications of a former extension southwards, with a richer and more peculiar fauna, partly Malayan and partly Mascarene in its character. The whole southern slopes of the Himalayas, with Burmah, Siam and Western China, as well as the Malay peninsula and the Indo-Malay islands, are almost everywhere covered with tropical forests of the most luxuriant character, which abound in varied and peculiar forms of vegetable and animal life. The flora and fauna of this extensive district are essentially of one type throughout; yet it may be usefully divided into the Indo-Chinese and the Malayan sub-regions, as each possesses a number of peculiar or characteristic animals. The former sub-region, besides having many tropical and sub-tropical types of its own, also possesses a large number of peculiarly modified temperate forms on the mountain ranges of its northern boundary, which are wholly wanting in the Malayan sub-region. The Philippine islands are best classed with the Indo-Malay group, although they are strikingly deficient in many Malayan types, and exhibit an approach to the Celebesian division of the Austro-Malay sub-region.
Zoological Characteristics of the Oriental Region.—The Oriental Region possesses examples of 35 families of Mammalia, 71 of Birds, 35 of Reptiles, 9 of Amphibia, and 13 of Fresh-water Fishes. Of these 163 families, 12 are peculiar to the region; namely, Tarsiidæ, Galeopithecidæ, and Tupaiidæ among Mammalia, while Æluridæ, though confined to the higher Himalayas, may perhaps with more justice be claimed by the Palæarctic region; Liotrichidæ, Phyllornithidæ, and Eurylæmidæ among birds; Xenopeltidæ (extending, however, to Celebes), Uropeltidæ, and Acrochordidæ among reptiles; Luciocephalidæ, Ophiocephalidæ and Mastacembelidæ among fresh-water fishes. A number of other families are abundant, and characteristic of the region; and it possesses many peculiar and characteristic genera, which must be referred to somewhat more in detail.
Mammalia.—The Oriental region is rich in quadrumana, and is especially remarkable for its orang-utans and long-armed apes (Simia, Hylobates, and Siamanga); its abundance of monkeys of the genera Presbytes and Macacus; its extraordinary long-nosed monkey (Presbytes nasalis); its Lemuridæ (Nycticebus and Loris); and its curious genus Tarsius, forming a distinct family of lemurs. All these quadrumanous genera are confined to it, except Tarsius which extends as far as Celebes. It possesses more than 30 genera of bats, which are enumerated in the lists given at the end of this chapter. In Insectivora it is very rich, and possesses several remarkable forms, such as the flying lemur (Galeopithecus); the squirrel-like Tupaiidæ consisting of three genera; and the curious Gymnura allied to the hedgehogs. In Carnivora, it is especially rich in many forms of civets (Viverridæ), possessing 10 peculiar genera, among which Prionodon and Cynogale are remarkable; numerous Mustelidæ, of which Gymnopus, Mydaus, Aonyx and Helictis are the most conspicuous; Ælurus, a curious animal, cat-like in appearance but more allied to the bears, forming a distinct family of Carnivora, and confined to the high forest-districts of the Eastern Himalayas and East Thibet; Melursus and Helarctos, peculiar forms of bears; Platanista, a dolphin peculiar to the Ganges and Indus. Among Ruminants it has the beautiful chevrotain, forming the genus Tragulus in the family Tragulidæ; with one peculiar genus and three peculiar sub-genera of true deer. The Antilopinæ and Caprinæ are few, confined to limited districts and not characteristic of the region; but there are everywhere wild cattle of the genera Bibos and Bubalus, which, with species of Rhinoceros and Elephas, form a prominent feature in the fauna. The Rodents are less developed than in the Ethiopian region, but several forms of squirrels everywhere abound, together with some species of porcupine; and the Edentata are represented by the scaly manis.