The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 2 / With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface

by Alfred Russel Wallace

General Distribution.
Neotropical Sub-regions.	Nearctic Sub-regions.	Palæarctic Sub-regions.	Ethiopian Sub-regions.	Oriental Sub-regions.	Australian Sub-regions.
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This new family is adopted, at the suggestion of Professor Newton, to include some peculiar groups of Himalayan birds whose position has usually been among the Timaliidæ or the Paridæ, but which are now found to be allied to our Bearded Reedling. The supposed affinity of this bird for the Tits has been long known to be erroneous, and the family Panuridæ was formed for its reception (Yarrell's British Birds, 4th edit. p. 512). The genera having hitherto been widely scattered in systematic works, are referred to by the numbers of Mr. G. E. Gray's Hand List.

(¹⁹⁰¹) Paradoxornis (3 sp.), Himalayas and East Thibet; (¹⁹⁰⁴) Conostoma (1 sp.), Himalayas and East Thibet; (⁸⁷⁶) Suthora (8 sp.), Himalayas to North-west China, Formosa; (⁸⁷⁷) Chlenasicus (1 sp.), Darjeeling; (⁸⁸⁷) Panurus (1 sp.), Central and Southern Europe; (¹⁹⁰²) Heteromorpha (1 sp.), Nepal, 10,000 feet altitude; Cholornis (1 sp.), Moupin in East Thibet.

Family 5.—CINCLIDÆ. (4 Genera, 27 Species.)

General Distribution.
Neotropical Sub-regions.	Nearctic Sub-regions.	Palæarctic Sub-regions.	Ethiopian Sub-regions.	Oriental Sub-regions.	Australian Sub-regions.
— 2. 3 —	— 2 — 4	1. 2. 3. 4	— — — ?4	1. 2. 3. 4	1 — — —

The Cinclidæ consist of a number of more or less thrush-like ground-birds, of which the most remarkable are the Dippers, forming the genus Cinclus. These are curiously distributed, from the Palæarctic region as a centre, to the alpine districts of North and South America; while the three genera which are here included as somewhat allied to Cinclus, all inhabit the Oriental region. The genera which I class in this family are the following:—

(⁹⁷⁸) Cinclus (9 sp.), Palæarctic region to West China and Formosa, Rocky Mountains, and Mexico in North America, and southward to the Andes of Peru; (⁹¹⁶) Enicurus (9 sp.), Himalayas to Java and West China; (⁹⁷⁹) Eupetes (4 sp.), Indo-Malay sub-region and New Guinea; (⁹⁷¹) Myiophonus (5 sp.), Himalayas to Ceylon, Java, South China, and Formosa.

(⁹⁸¹) Mesites (1 sp.), Madagascar, is an anomalous bird placed with Eupetes by Mr. G. R. Gray, but of very uncertain affinities.

Family 6.—TROGLODYTIDÆ. (17 Genera, 94 Species.)

General Distribution.
Neotropical Sub-regions.	Nearctic Sub-regions.	Palæarctic Sub-regions.	Ethiopian Sub-regions.	Oriental Sub-regions.	Australian Sub-regions.
1. 2. 3. 4	1. 2. 3. 4	1. 2. 3. 4	1. 2. 3 —	— — 3. 4	1 — — —