Studies on the Legend of the Holy Grail / With Especial Reference to the Hypothesis of Its Celtic Origin

by Alfred Trübner Nutt

Abundia and Herodias, [100].
Adonis, [101].
Alain (son of Brons), [66], [77], [79], [82], [83], [84], [89], [109], [112], [123],
as Fisher King, [208], [210], [218], [222], [245].
Amfortas, Fisher King in Wolfram, [249],
in Wagner’s Parsifal, [253-55], [263].
Aminadap, [84].
Arbois de Jubainville, [184-85], [188], [192-93].
Arthur, Arthur saga, Arthurian romance or legend, [108], [114], [116], [117],
Martin’s interpretation of, [122-24], [130], [134], [136], [144], [147], [148], [153], [155], [156], [188],
A’s waiting, [197-98],
A and Potter Thompson, [198], [205], [218], [219], [221], [222],
popularity of, [228-29],
Celtic character of, [230], [231], [236], [243], [244], [245].
Avalon (Avaron), [77],
punning explanation of, [78],
parallel to the Grail, [122-23] and [188],
with the Magic Castle, [191], [198], [218], [222],
connection with Glastonbury, [223], [248],
parallel with Brandan’s isle, [264].
Baldur, [100].
Ban, [83], [84].
Baring-Gould, [98].
Bartsch, [261].
Battle of Magh Rath, [185], [186].
Bergmann’s San Grëal, [104].
Bespelled Castle in Celtic tradition, [190-206].
Birch-Hirschfeld, [4], [5], [6], [38], [52], [64d], [84],
full analysis of his work, [108-121],
Martin’s criticism, [121-23], [124],
objections to his hypothesis, [125-126], [128], [132], [133], [134], [137], [138], [145], [151], [168], [171], [174], [207], [217], [220], [250],
Wolfram and Chrestien, [261-62].
Blaise, [113].
Blanchefleur, [92], [114], [115], [133],
comparison of Chrestien and Mabinogi, [135], [140], [147], [204], [238],
example of sex-relations of the time, [241].
Blood-drops in the snow, [137-38].
Books of Rights and Geasa, [213].
Borron, Robert de, author of the Joseph d’Arimathie, bibliographical details, [2],
MS. statements respecting, [4-6], [19],
passage of Grail to England, [79-80], [94], [95], [96],
Hucher’s views, [105-6],
relation to other versions according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [111-115], [116], [118-20],
Martin’s views, [121-124], [125], [131], [171],
secret words, [186], [188],
Fisher King in, [207-9], [220], [221], [222],
his conception, [239],
chastity ideal in, [245], [247], [251], [252].
Bors, [66],
exemplification of spirit of Queste, [239].
Bötticher, Wolfram and Chrestien, [261].
Bran (the Blessed), [108],
and Cernunnos, [211],
connection with conversion of Britain, [218-20], [226],
connection with Brandan legend, [265].
Bran the Son of Febal, [192], [194], [232], [265].
Brandan legend, [264-65].
Branwen (Mabinogi of), [76], [97], [108], [167], [168],
cauldron, [186], [211], [219], [260].
Britain, evangelisation of, [80], [91], [95], [105-106], [107], [124], [218],
connection with the Brons and Joseph legends, [219-24].
Brons, [66], [70], [72], [75], [77],
special form of Early History, [78-79], [80], [81],
two accounts respecting, [82-83], [84], [85], [86], [88],
in the Didot-Perceval, [89], [91], [93], [94], [95], [106], [109], [112], [113], [123], [124], [125], [182],
as Fisher King, [208-11],
as Apostle of Britain, [218-26], [235].

Bruillans, [84].
Brunhild, [232].
Bundling, [135].
Caesarius of Heisterbach, [122].
Campbell, J. F., [102-03], [152], [159-60],
cup of healing, [187], [210].
Campbell,
No. 1 Young King of Easaidh Ruadh, [187];
No. 10 The Three Soldiers, [195-96];
No. 41 The Widow and her Daughters, [187];
No. 47 Mac Iain Direach, [187], [212];
No. 51 The Fair Gruagach, [213];
No. 52 The Knight of the Red Shield, [156-57],
the resuscitating carlin, [166-67];
No. 58 The Rider of Grianaig, [157], [209];
No. 76 Conall Gulban, [167], [187];
No. 82 How the Een was set up, [158], [189];
No. 84 Manus, [189-90];
No. 86 The Daughter of King Under the Waves, [194-95], [246].
Campbell, J. G., Muilearteach, [167].
Catheloys, [84].
Celidoine, [83], [84].
Celtic tradition, origin of or elements in Grail legend, [7],
how affected by placing of versions, [68-69],
opinions of previous investigators, [97-107],
Birch-Hirschfeld, [111-113-14-15-17-20],
Martin, [121-24],
Hertz, [125],
Grail apparently foreign to, [151], [164-65],
Carlin in, [167-69], [170-71], [181], [183-84],
Vessel in, [184-88],
Sword in, [188-90], [191], [195], [197], [199], [208],
origin of legend, [215-18], [223-27],
relation to mediæval romance, [230],
individualism in, [231],
woman in, [231-33],
the supernatural in, [234], [235],
chastity ideal, [247], [248], [251],
transformation of, [255], [265].
Ceridwen, [186], [210-11].
Cernunnos, [211].
Cét mac Magach, [231].
Chanson de Roland, [248].
Charlemagne, Carolingian Saga, [197], [229], [230], [231].
Chastity ideal in the Queste, [243-44],
in later versions, [245-46],
in popular and Celtic tradition, [246-47].
Chessboard Castle, [127-30], [139-41].
Chrestien, bibliographical description, [1], [2],
statements of MSS. respecting, [4], [5], [8], [66], [69], [70], [74], [76], [80], [81], [85], [86], [91], [92], [93], [95],
views of previous investigators, [98-108],
Birch-Hirschfeld, [108-121], [122], [124], [125], [126],
relation to Didot-Perceval, [127-131],
to Mabinogi, [132-145],
nature of model, [145-46],
relation to Sir Perceval, [147-51],
relation to Great Fool, [155-56-58-59], [164], [168],
visit to Grail Castle in, [171-74], [175],
represents mainly feud quest, [180-82], [199], [207], [208], [211], [218],
his ideal, [237-38], [245], [249], [250],
relation to Wolfram, [261-63].
Christian origin of or elements in Grail legend, Christian tradition, legend, etc.;
as affected by placing of versions, [68], [80], [123], [143], [146], [165], [170-73], [179], [181], [186], [209],
as affected by my hypothesis, [215-18], [220], [224], [226-27],
relation to the talismans, [238-39], [251-52],
influence on the legend as a whole, [255].
Chronological arrangement of versions, [6],
Author’s, [95-96],
Zarncke’s, [107],
Birch-Hirschfelds’, [120-21].
Conall Cearnach, [231].
Conan’s delusions, [200].
Conchobor, [192], [231], [233].
Conduiramur, [204],
and Parzival, [249-51].
Connla, [188], [194], [196], [232].
Constituent elements in the romances, [215-16].
Corbenic, [83], [84].
Cormac’s visit to the otherworld, [193-94], [234].
Counsels, the, in the romances, [150].
Crestiens, p. [83] = Nasciens, p. [84].
Cuchulainn, [153], [185], [188], [189],
conception of, [192],
gess of, [214],
parallel of legend to mediæval romances, [231-34].
Cumhall, father of Fionn, [158-59].
Curoi mac Daire, [231].
Cynewulf, [221].
Dagda, the, and the cauldron, [184-85], [192].
Deirdre, [137],
and the Sons of Usnech, [233].
Diarmaid, [202],
gess of, [214].
Didot-Perceval, prose sequel to Borron’s poem, numbered as C 2, [65], [66], [68], [70], [72], [73], [75], [76], [78], [79], [82],
the Quest in, [89-91], [92], [93], [94], [96],
Zarncke’s opinion of, [107],
Authorship of according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [112-15], [117], [120], [121], [125], [126],
relationship to Conte du Graal, [127-30],
origin of, [131], [138], [139],
stag hunt in, [141-42], [145-46], [172-73], [179], [182], [191], [198-99], [208], [245].
Dietrich Saga, [230].
Domanig, Parzival-Studien, [250].
Duvau, [192].
Dwarves incident in Chrestien and Mabinogi, [134].

Elton, [219].
Emer, wooing of, [232-33].
Encyclopædia Britannica, [126].
England, arrival of Grail in [76-80],
Birch-Hirschfeld [116],
Joseph legend in [221-22].
Enygeus (Brons’ wife), [81], [82].
Evangelium Nicodemi, [221-22].
Espinogre, [142].
Expulsion and Return Formula (Aryan), [144], [153-54], [156], [159], [163-64], [190], [210], [225], [256].
Fand, [232].
Faust, [253].
Fenian saga or cycle, sword in, [188-90], [230].
Feud-Quest in the romances and in Celtic tradition, [181-90].
Finn-eges, [209-11], [220].
Fionn (Finn), Fionn-saga, [153-54], [157],
connection with Great Fool and boyhood of Peredur, [158-59], [163-64],
Fionn’s enchantment, [186-87],
and sword, [189-90], [195],
in the otherworld, [200-03],
and salmon, [209-11], [214], [220], [224], [231], [234], [256].
Fish, according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [112],
Martin, [123-24], [224].
See also [Salmon].
Fisher King, Fisher or Rich Fisher, [77], [78],
as Grail-Keeper, [80-86],
relation the Promised Knight, [87-89], [107], [110], [113], [115],
accounted for by Birch-Hirschfeld, [117], [123], [124], [134], [138], [139], [140], [142], [143], [144], [180], [206],
Author’s explanation of, [207-11], [237],
in Wolfram, [249].
Fisher King’s daughter, [140-42].
Fisher King’s father, [74], [81], [110], [191].
Fitzgerald, [198], [231].
Fomori, [188], [230].
Förster on Peredur, [132].
Frederick II, [122],
in the Kyffhäuser, [196-97].
Frederick I (Barbarossa), [196-97].
Furnivall, [2], [3], [102-03],
estimate of Queste criticised, [242-43].
Gaelic talismans = Grail and lance, [103].
Gaidoz, [219].
Galahad, Galahad Quest, [66], [67], [83-86],
as Promised Knight, [90-94], [102], [104], [106], [108], [109], [113], [131], [149], [226],
comparison with Perceval Quest, [236],
morality of, [240], [245-46], [252], [254].
Gaston Paris on relation between Chrestien and Mabinogi, [132].
Gautier (de Doulens), Pseudo-Gautier, numbered A II., [1-2],
statements respecting in MS., [4],
Berne MS. of, [19], [69-70], [72], [74-75], [76-77], [81], [87], [92-95], [101], [106], [110], [113], [114], [120-21],
relation to Didot-Perceval, [128-30],
to Mabinogi, [133] and [140-44], [145], [146],
visit to Grail Castle in, [171-72],
Gawain Quest in, [174] and [178-79], [182], [189], [199], [237], [246].
Gautier (Walter) de Montbeliart and Borron, [5], [103], [105], [120], [121].
Gawain (Gauvain), [2], [67], [69],

visit to Grail King, [87], [92], [101],
Martin’s view of, [122] and [124], [125], [164], [172],
special form of Quest, [176-78], [180], [189], [191],
visit to Magic Castle, [199-200],
in Heinrich, [203-05], [237],
and Orgueilleuse, [240-41], [245], [251], [261-62].
Geasa, [212-14].
Geoffrey of Monmouth, [91], [119], [219], [229].
Gerald (Giraldus Cambrensis), testimony respecting Map’s authorship, [117-18], [122].
Gerbert, numbered A IV., [1], [5], [69],
love motif in, [92], [95], [110], [121], [126],
the witch who brings the dead to life in, [165-69], [172], [174-75], [179], [180], [199],
chastity ideal in, [246], [249],
relation to Wolfram, [262-63].
Gervasius of Tilbury, [122], [197].
Glastonbury, Skeat’s view, [105],
Zarncke, [107], [220],
and Avalon, [223-25].
Goethe, [253].
Gonemans, [130-34],
and Fisher King, [138], [140],
and the witch, [165-68],
advice to Perceval, [211-12].
See also [Gurnemanz].
Goon Desert, [81], [142].
Grail, [66],
hypothetical Christian origin of, [68],
first possessor of, [69-70],
solace of Joseph, [70-72],
connection with Sacrament, [71] and [73],
and Trinity, [72],
properties and effect of, [74-76],
name, [76],
arrival in England, [76-79], [83-84], [89-90], [94], [96], [99], [100-112],
phraseology used by romances in mentioning it, [113], [114-16],
symbol of Christ’s body, [117], [120],
symbol of Avalon, [123], [124-26], [136], [140-142],
absence of from Mabinogi and Thornton Sir P., [164],
apparently foreign to Celtic legend, [165], [169],
various forms of visit to castle of, [170-79],
double nature of, [182-83],
parallel to magic vessel of Celtic tradition, [185-96],
and Fionn, [202], [218], [221],
mode of transformation, [224], [245], [247],
in Wolfram, [250-52],
in Wagner, [254-55], [261-63].

Grail (Early History of), two forms, [65-66],
Joseph form, [67],
relation to Christian origin hypothesis, [68], [69],
Brons form, [80], [86],
two forms in French romances, [93-94],
later than Queste, [93], [95-96], [103],
according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [108-21], [151], [208],
origin of, [218] and [224].
Grail (Quest of), two forms, [65-67],
Perceval form, [67],
relation to Celtic origin hypothesis, [68], [69], [80], [83], [86],
object of according to different versions, [88-90],
original form of, [91], [92],
Perceval form older, [93-94], [95-96], [105-06], [109-26], [131], [138],
Mabinogi form of, [139-44], [151],
inconsistency of accounts respecting, [180-81],
two formulas fused in, [181],
constituent elements in, [215-16],
mode of transformation, [220], [237-39], [243], [245], [248], [251], [252].
Grail legend, romance or cycle, origin of according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [120], [159],
Christian element in, [217],
genesis and growth of, [225-27],
popularity of, [228], [230],
development of ethical ideas in, [235] et seq., [248],
future of, [259], [265].
Grail-Keeper and Promised Knight, [80-81].
Grail-Messenger and Rosette, [114].
See also [Loathly Damsel].
Graine, [214].
Gramoflanz, [193].
Grand St. Graal, numbered E 3, authorship ascribed to Borron, [5],
Helinandus’ testimony, [52], [65-67], [70], [72-73], [75-76], [79],
conflicting accounts respecting Promised Knight in, [84-86], [90], [91], [93], [94-96], [99], [102-112], [117],
authorship of, [119-20], [121], [126], [146], [207-08], [219], [220], [247],
prologue of and Brandan legend, [264-65].
Great Fool, lay or tale of the, [101-02], [144],
prose opening, [152-53],
comparison with romances, [154-56],
originality of, [158],
relation to Fionn legend, [159],
Lay, [159-162], [163], [164],
ethical import of, [256-57].
Gregory of Tours and Evangelium Nicodemi, [221].
Greloguevaus, [81].
Grimm, No. 122, Der Krautesel, [195], [197], [198], [204-05], [247].
Gudrun, [233].
Guinevere, [83].
Gurnemanz, [113], [115], [249], [262-63].
See also [Gonemans].
Guyot = Kiot, [104].
Gwalchmai, [225-26], [228].
See [Gawain].
Gwion and Fionn, [210].
Hahn, J. G. von, [153-54].
Halliwell, [98], [147].
Haunted Castle, [204-05].
Hawker, [244].
Hebron, [108] = [Brons], which see.
Hector, [187].
Heinrich von dem Türlin, numbered K 4, citation of Chrestien, [6], [69], [91],
Martin’s view of, [122], [125],
visit to Grail Castle in, [172-73] and [178],
double origin, [182], [191],
special form of Quest, [198-99] and [203],
parallel with Sleeping Beauty, [203].
Hélie de Borron, [105-06],
testimony of, [118-19], [121].
Helinandus, [52], [95], [103], [121].
Helyas, [83] = Ysaics, [84].
Hennessy, [159].
Henry II, [118-19].
Herodias, [100], [254].
Hertz’ views, [124-25].
How the Great Tuairsgeul etc., [212].
Hucher, [2],
attempt to harmonise conflicting accounts in Borron, [82],
statement of views, [105-06],
criticised by Birch-Hirschfeld, [111] and [118], [130],
and cauldron, [184].
Iduna, apples of, [182].
John the Baptist, [100].
Jonaans, [83], [84].
Joseph of Arimathea, Joseph legend, [65-67], [69], [70],
and Grail, [70-73], [74], [77],
and England, [78-80], [81], [82], [84], [88], [89], [90], [93], [94], [99], [100], [104-109], [112-117], [124], [146],
and the Fisher, [208], [218],
Apocryphal legend of, [220-24], [226].
Joseph, Metrical, poem by Robert de Borron, numbered B 2, author of, [5], [65-66], [68], [70-73], [74-76], [77-80],
two accounts in, [81-82], [88], [91], [93-94], [102-103],
relation to Didot-Perceval according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [112-14], [125].
Josephes (son of Joseph), and Veronica, [79], [84-86], [109].
Josue, [66], [84], [85].
Kay, [130].
Keating and the treasures of the Tuatha de Danann, [184].
Kennedy’s Fellow with the Goat-skin, [134],
Castle Knock, [159],
Great Fool, [159-61],
Son of Bad Counsel, [199-200],
Fionn’s visit to Cuana, [201],
haunted castle tale, [204], [257].
Kiot, [6],
San Marte’s view, [99-100], [107-08], [121],
and Wolfram, [261-63].

Klinschor, [253], [263].
Knight Errantry, [229].
Knighthood, prototype of in Celtic tradition, [231].
Knights of the Red Branch, [231].
Knowles’ Said and Saiyid, [196].
Koch, Kyffhäuser Sage, [197].
Köhler, [195].
Kundry in Wagner, [254-55], [263].
See [Loathly Damsel].
Küpp on Pseudo-Chrestien, [8], [126],
and the branch, [193], [262].
Kynddelw, [219].
Lambar, [83-84], [86], [183].
Lame King, see [Maimed King].
Lance, [109],
and Grail legend according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [111], [113], [121].
Lancelot, [83], [84], [108], [110], [112], [118], [119], [123], [172-173], [180], [240], [245].
Latin original of French romances probable, [122].
Liebrecht, [197-98].
Llyr Llediath, [219-20].
Loathly Damsel, [87],
and Rosette, [114],
in Mabinogi and Chrestien, [136],
hero’s cousin, [139-41],
double origin of in romances, [205-06],
and Wagner, [254].
Longis, [70].
Luces de Gast, [118-19].
Luces (Lucius), [91], [219].
Lufamour, [147].
Lug Lamhfhada, [184], [189], [192].
Mabinogi of Peredur (generally Mabinogi sometimes Peredur) numbered H 3, [5], [66], [68], [69],
Villemarqué on, [97-98], [89],
Simrock on, [100], [101],
Nash, [102], [104],
Hucher, [106],
lateness of according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [114-115], [125-26],
relation to Conte du Graal, [131-37],
dwarves incident in, [134],
greater delicacy in Blanchefleur incident, [135],
blood drops incident, [137-38],
differences with Chrestien, [138-39],
machinery of Quest in, [139-42],
relation to Manessier, [142-44],
origin and development of, [143-145],
special indebtedness to Chrestien, [145], [146],
relation to Sir Perceval, [148-49],
counsels in, [150],
apparent absence of Grail from, [151],
comparison with Great Fool tale, [154-57],
with Great Fool Lay, [161-62], [164],
with Gerbert’s witch incident, [168-69], [171],
visit to Talismans Castle in, [172-73] and [176], [180], [181], [183], [184], [190], [216],
fusion of numerous Celtic tales in, [225-26],
Sex-relations in, [241], [256].
Maidens’ Castle, parallels to in Celtic tradition, [191-94].
Maimed or Lame or Sick King, [66], [83-88], [90], [91], [109],
parallel with Arthur, [122],
probable absence from Proto Mabinogi, [145],
belongs to Feud Quest, [198],
parallel to Fionn, [202], [237].
Malory, [236].
Manaal, [84].
Manannan mac Lir, [192-94], [208],
and Bran, [219].
Manessier, numbered A III, [1-2],
date etc., [4-5], [69-71], [73-74], [77], [81], [88], [92], [95], [110], [121], [138],
relation to the Mabinogi, [142-46], [168-69], [171], [175],
disregard of question, [180-82], [199], [245-46].
Manus, [189-90].
Mapes or Map, [5], [104], [105],
not author of Queste or Grand St. Graal according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [117-19].
Martin’s views, [121-26],
Kyffhäuser hypothesis criticised, [197], [198],
Wolfram and Gerbert, [262].
Meaux, [120].
Menglad, [232].
Merlin, [92], [114], [124].
Merlin, Borron’s poem, [2], [64D], [105], [106], [112-13], [117].
Meyer, Kuno, [209], [233].
Minnedienst, [240-41].
Modred, [122].
Montsalvatch, [66].
Mordrains, [90], [109-10], [120], [173].
Morgan la Fay, [122].
Morvan lez Breiz, [148], [158], [162].
Moys or Moses, [88-90], [106], [109], [112], [116].
Mythic conceptions in the romances, [205].
Nasciens, [76], [83], [85], [120].
Nash, [102].
Nibelungenlied, [230], [234], [248].
Nicodemus, [71].
Noisi, [137], [233].
O’Daly, [159-61], [163].
Odin, [100-01].
O’Donovan, [185], [209], [213].
Oengus of the Brug, [191-92],
and swanmaid, [196].
O’Flanagan, [233].
Ogma, [188].
Oisin, [195], [200],
and Gwion, [210], [232].
O’Kearney, [201].
Orgueilleuse, Celtic character of, [124] and [232],
illustrates mediæval morality, [240-41], [263].
Osiris, [101].

Pagan essence of Grail etc. in the Christianised romances, [238].
Partinal, [81], [88], [142-43].
Parzival, [101], [252-53].

See [Perceval] and [Wolfram].
Paulin-Paris, [5],
explanation of word Grail, [103], [111], [116-17], [119].
Pearson on the Veronica legend, [222],
and St. Brandan, [265].
Peleur, [83].
Pelleans or Pellehem, [83-86], [90].
Pelles, [83-86], [90].
Perceval, Perceval-Quest, type hero of Quest, [66-67], [72], [78],
relation to the Grail-keeper, [80-86], [88-89], [91-92],
oldest hero of Quest, [93], [94], [98], [101], [102-04],
according to Birch-Hirschfeld, [110-119], [125],
in Didot-Perceval and Conte du Graal, [127-31],
in Mabinogi and Conte du Graal, [131-45],
relation to (bespelled) cousin, [139-42],
relation of existing versions to earliest form, [146],
in the Thornton MS. romance, [147-51],
hero of Expulsion and Return Formula, [153-56],
parallel with Highland folk-tales, [157-58],
relation to Twin Brethren folk-tale and dualism in, [162-64], [169],
versions of Quest, [171-76],
visit to the Maidens’ Castle, [178-79], [180], [181],
significance of Didot-Perceval form, [182], [187],
and sword, [189],
Castle of Maidens, [191], [195], [199],
parallel with Diarmaid, [202],
possible hero of Haunted Castle form, [204-05],
relation to Fisher, [207],
his silence, [211-14], [226],
superiority to Galahad Quest, [236], [237-38], [240-41], [245], [247], [254], [256], [261-62].
See also [Parzival] and [Peredur].
Perceval’s aunt, [79].
Perceval’s sister, [83-84], [163].
Perceval’s uncle, [78].
Perceval le Gallois, numbered G 3, authorship, [6], [65-66], [69], [104], [121], [126], [246].
Peredur (hero of Mabinogi = Perceval), Peredur-saga, [106],
mother of, [115], [132-36],
parallel to Tom of the Goat-skin, [134],
the sword test, [138],
hero of the stag hunt, [139-42], [143],
original form of saga, [144-45], [153-54], [157], [162], [163], [164], [168-69],
and Fionn, [187] and [203], [220],
fish absent from, [224],
genesis and growth of, [225-227], [228],
Blanchefleur incident in, [241].
See [Perceval].
Peronnik l’idiot, [125], [158].
Perseus, [256].
Petrus, [77], [82], [88-90], [106], [109], [112],
connection with Geoffrey conversion legend, [219].
Pfaffe Amis, [265].
Pilate, [65], [70].
Potter Thompson and Arthur, [198], [262].
Potvin, [1], [2], [6],
his views, [104], [174], [177].
Prester John, [100].
Procopius, [191].
Promised or Good Knight, and Grail Keeper, [80-86],
Galahad as, [85-86],
work of, [86-91],
qualifications of, [92-93], [107], [109].
Prophecy incident in Grail romances, [156].
Pseudo-Chrestien, [8], [209].
Pseudo-Gautier, numbered AIIa, [2], [15-16], [70], [72], [74], [77], [79], [81], [95].
Pseudo-Manessier, numbered AIIIa, [2], [19], [72-73].
Queste del St. Graal, numbered D 2-3, varying redactions distinguished typographically, [38], [65-67], [72], [75-76], [79],
three drafts of, [83-86], [90-91],
glorification of virginity in, [93], [95], [103], [107],
relation to Grand St. Graal, [108-09],
to Conte du Graal, [110-11], [112], [113],
authorship of, [117-20], [121], [126], [131], [146],
visit to Grail Castle in, [172-73], [180], [183], [186], [207], [218], [220], [222], [224], [226], [236],
ideal of, [238-40] and [243-44],
ideal criticised, [243-44],
merits of, [244-45], [246],
inferiority to Wolfram, [250], [251].
Question, Birch-Hirschfeld’s opinion, [171], [180],
belongs to Unspelling Quest, [181-82], [191], [196], [203],
Wolfram’s presentment, [249-50].
Red Knight, [147-49], [155-56], [162], [189].
Renan on Celtic poetry, [234-35].
Rhys, [198], [209], [211],
Bran legend, [219-20], [265].
Rich Fisher or King. See [Fisher King].
Riseut, [141].
Robert de Borron. See [Borron].
Rochat, [19],
his views, [101-02].
Roland, [229], [232].
Roménie, [118].
Rosette, [130], [141].
See [Loathly Damsel].
Salmon of Wisdom, [209-10].
San Marte, views, [99-100], [101-02],
and Wolfram, [250-5].
Sarras, [72], [77], [79].
Schröder, Brandan legend, [264-65].
Seat, empty or Perillous, [81-82], [88-90].
Secret words, [73], [89], [179].
Seraphe, [108].
Sex-relations in Middle Ages, [240-42].

Siegfried, [157], [162], [203], [210], [232-33].
Simei, [90].
Simrock, views, [100-101], [103], [132], [134], [164], [251], [261-62].
Skeat, [104].
Skene, [219-20].
Sleep and the Magic Castle myth, [202-03].
Sleeping Beauty, parallel with Heinrich’s version, [203],
ethical import of, [258].
Solomon’s sword, [84].
See [Sword].
Sons of Usnech, [137], [233].
Sorceresses of Gloucester, [101], [139], [156].
Spontaneity of folk tradition, [254], [257-58].
Stag Hunt in Conte du Graal and Mabinogi, [139-40],
in Didot-Perceval, [141],
parallel with Lay of Great Fool, [162].
Steinbach on Sir Perceval, [147-50].
Stephens, [219-20].
Stokes, [188], [200], [233].
Suetonius, [116].
Sword, [113], [142],
belongs more to Feud Quest, [180-82],
found also in Unspelling Quest, [183],
of Lug, [184],
in Celtic myth, [187-90], [198-99].
Taboo and Geasa, [214].
Taliesin, [97], [186],
and Oisin, [210-11].
Templars, [100].
Tennyson, [236], [244].
Tethra, [188].
Thor, Irish parallels to, [200-01].
Thornton MS. Sir Perceval (often simply Sir Perceval), numbered I 4, [66], [68-69], [101-02], [125], [126],
Steinbach’s theory of, [147-50],
criticised, [149],
absence of Grail from, [151],
connection with Great Fool tale, [154-58], [162], [164-65],
witch incident, [169], [190], [225].
Tír-na n-Og, [191], [195], [223], [248], [264].
Titurel, [66].
Titus, [107].
Trinity, symbolizing of, [88].
Tuatha de Danann, treasures of, [184-85], [189-92], [223], [230].
Two Brothers tale, [157], [162-63].
Ultonian cycle, [185].
Unspelling Quest, [181],
Celtic parallels to, [190-206], [208].
Urban (Urlain), [83], [84], [183].
Van Santen, [252].
Vanishing of Bespelled Castle, [202-03].
Veronica (Verrine), [79], [116],
Ward’s theory, [222].
Vespasian, [107], [116].
Vessel in Celtic myth, [184],
in Ultonian cycle, [185],
in Welsh myth, [186],
in Celtic folk-tales, [187].
See [Grail].
Villemarqué, views [97-98], [101], [131], [148].
Virginity, [247].
Wagner, [252-54].
Ward, [220], [222].
Wartburg Krieg and Brandan legend, [264].
William of Malmesbury, [105],
Zarncke’s opinion of, [107], [115],
Ward’s opinion of, [220].
Windisch, [188], [219].
Witch who brings the dead to life, [165-69].
Wolfram von Eschenbach, numbered F 3, sources, [6], [25-26], [65-67], [69],
and Gerbert, [92], [99-102], [104], [107], [121-25], [150], [157],
brother incident in, [164], [172-73],
branch in, [193],
magician lord, [199],
account of mediæval morality, [240-41], [246],
ideal of, [248-52], [254], [255], [256],
pattern for future growth of legend, [261],
relation to Chrestien, [261-63].
Woman in Celtic tradition, [231-33].
Wülcker, Evangelium Nicodemi, [220-21].
Zarncke, views, [106-07], [115], [132], [220].

HARRISON AND SONS,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY,
ST. MARTIN’S LANE, LONDON.

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Footnotes:

[1] Fully described by Potvin, VI, lxix, etc.

[2] Potvin, VI, lxxv, etc.

[3] Birch-Hirschfeld: Die Sage vom Gral, 8vo., Leipzig, 1877, p. 81.

[4] Birch-Hirschfeld, p. 89.