DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
| [Plate I.] p. 28. | Kallima Inachus, the Indian Leaf Butterfly. Fig. 1. With wings expanded. Fig. 2. Two Butterflies at rest, showing their exact resemblance to dead leaves. This insect affords one of the best examples of protective resemblance. |
| [Plate II.] p. 30. | Illustration of mimicry in butterflies. Fig. 1. Male of Papilio merope. Fig. 2. Female of ditto mimicking Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Danais niavius. On the African continent both species occur, but in Madagascar D. niavius is wanting, and the female P. merope is coloured like the male. |
| [Plate III.] p. 40. |
Fig. 1. Gonepteryx Cleopatra. Fig. 2. Gonepteryx rhamni, male. Note.—The orange spot in Fig. 2 has spread over the wing in Fig. 1. Fig. 3. Vanessa Antiopa. Fig. 4. Panopœa hirta. Fig. 5. Acrea gea. These two last belong to widely different genera, but are admirable examples of mimicry. |
| [Plate IV.] p. 42. |
Fig. 1. Leucophasia Sinapis. Fig. 2. Ditto, var. diniensis. Fig. 3. Anthocaris cardamines, male. Fig. 4. Ditto, female. Fig. 5. Anthocaris belemia. Fig. 6. Anthocaris belia. Fig. 7. Ditto, var. simplonia. Fig. 8. Anthocaris eupheno, female. Fig. 9. Ditto, male. Fig. 10. Anthocaris euphemoides. Fig. 11. Papilio machaon. Fig. 12. Papilio podalirius. Fig. 13. Pieris napi, summer form. Fig. 14. Ditto, winter form. Fig. 15. Ditto, var. bryoniæ (alpine form). Fig. 16. Ditto, summer form, underside. Fig. 17. Ditto, winter form, underside. Fig. 18. Ditto, var. bryoniæ, underside. Figs. 13-18 illustrate admirably the variations of the yellow and black in the same species. |
| [Plate V.] p. 44. |
Fig. 1. Araschnia prorsa, male. Fig. 2. Ditto, female. Fig. 3. Araschnia levana, female. Fig. 4. Ditto, male. Fig. 5. Paragra ægeria. Fig. 6. Araschnia porima. Fig. 7. Ditto, var. meione. Fig. 8. Grapta interrogationis. Fig. 9. Ditto. Fig. 10. Ditto. Fig. 11. Papilio Ajax, var. Walshii. Fig. 12. Ditto, var. telamonides. Fig. 13. Ditto, var. Marcellus. Figs. 1-5 are all one species; levana being the winter form, prorsa the summer form, and porima intermediate. Similarly 6-7 are the same species, meione being the southern form. So with 8-9 and 11-13, which are only seasonal varieties. Here we can actually trace the way in which varieties are formed. See Weismann's work, cited in the text. |
| [Plate VI.] p. 62. | Syncoryne pulchella, magnified. After Professor Allman. Gymnoblastic
or Tubularian Hydroids. Ray Soc., 1871, pl. vi., figs. 1 and 3. Fig. 1. A planoblast as seen passively floating in the water after liberation. Fig. 2. The entire hydrosoma of syncoryne. a. The spadix. b. The medusæ or planoblasts in various stages of development. |
| [Plate VII.] p. 80. |
Fig. 1. Deilephila galii, immature. Fig. 2. Ditto brown variety, adult. Fig. 3. Deilephila euphorbiæ. Fig. 4. Sphinx ligustri. Fig. 5. Deilephila euphorbiæ, dorsal view. Fig. 6. Orgyia antiqua. Fig. 7. Abraxas grossulariata. Fig. 8. Bombyx neustria. Fig. 9. Callimorpha dominula. Fig. 10. Euchelia jacobæa. Fig. 11. Papilio machaon. |
| SPIDERS. | |
| [Plate VIII.] p. 84. |
Fig. 1. Segestria senoculata, female. Fig. 2. Sparassus smaragdulus, male. Fig. 3. Lycosa piscatoria, female. Fig. 4. —— andrenivora, male. Fig. 5. —— —— female. Fig. 6. —— allodroma, male. Fig. 7. —— agretyca, male. Fig. 8. —— allodroma, female. Fig. 9. Diagram of Lycosa, showing form and position of vessels. After Gegenbaur. Fig. 10. Lycosa campestris, female. Fig. 11. Thomisus luctuosus, male. Fig. 12. Salticus scenicus, female. Fig. 13. Lycosa rapax, female. Fig. 14. —— latitans, female. Fig. 15. Theridion pictum, female. Fig. 16. Lycosa picta, female. Fig. 17. —— —— male. All the above are British species, and copied from Blackwell's "Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland." Ray Soc., 1862. |
| FISHES. | |
| [Plate IX.] p. 88. |
Fig. 1. Windermere Char. Salmo Willughbii. A species peculiar to our North of England lakes. Fig. 2. Perch, Perca fluviatilis, showing the modified rib-like markings. |
| SUNBIRDS. | |
| [Plate X.] p. 90. |
Fig. 1. Nectarinea chloropygia. Fig. 2. Nectarinea christinæ. These birds illustrate regional colouration well. |
| LEAVES. | |
| [Plate XI.] p. 95. |
Fig. 1. Horse Chestnut, Æschulus hippocastanum, decaying. Fig. 2. Coleus. Fig. 3. Begonia rex. Fig. 4. Begonia. Fig. 5. Caladium bicolor. Fig. 6. Anœchtochilus xanthophyllus. |
| FLOWERS. | |
| [Plate XII.] p. 96. |
Fig. 1. Gloxinia, with 5 petals, showing uneven colouring. Fig. 2. Gloxinia, with 6 petals, showing regular colouring. Figs. 3 and 4. Pelargoniums, showing the variation of the dark markings with the different sized petals. |
COLOURATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS.
[CHAPTER I.]
Introduction.
B