An Essay on Colophons, with Specimens and Translations

by Alfred W. Pollard

II
GENERAL INDEX

• Achates, Leonardus, colophon quoted, [54].
• Acqui, colophon of unknown printer at, [65].
• Adam of Ammergau, colophon borrowed from Valdarfer, [52].
• Adinventio, possible meanings of the word, [12], [29 note].
• Advertisements used by 15th-century printers, [89].
• Aldus Manutius, date from which he reckoned his years, [181];
• colophon of his edition of the ‘Hypnerotomachia,’ [124].
• Armorial devices used by printers, [20], [22].
• Arnold of Brussels, colophon quoted, [106].
• Arriuabenus and Paganinis, colophons quoted, [147], [166].
• Arundel, Earl of, his financial help to Caxton’s ‘Golden Legend,’ [99].
• Asparagus,—a book printed quicker than asparagus can be cooked, [109].
• Authors, privileges for exclusive printing granted to, [113];
• authors’ and editors’ colophons, [123-158].
• Balsarin, G., copies the Caesaris copy of a Veldener colophon, [165].
• Barcelona, book printed at, dated ‘1468,’ [46 note].
• Bartholomaeus de Chaimis, German copies of Valdarfer’s Milan edition of his ‘Confessionale,’ [161].
• Bartolommeo of Cremona, colophon quoted, [52].
• Bell-ringer, Lerida Breviary financed by a, [102].
• Benedictus Hectoris, an example of an editor’s contempt for his predecessors, [142].
• Bergamascho, Piero, colophon quoted, [113].
• Bible, praises of the, in colophons, [94], [112];
• rarity of colophons in the early printed editions, [10 sqq.]
• Bistricci, Vespasiano da, his contempt for printed books, [xix].
• Boastfulness in colophons, [58].
• Bottonus. See [Bruschus].
• Brescia, privileges granted at Venice affected printing at, [114].
• Brice, Hugh, finances Caxton’s ‘Mirror of the World,’ [99].
• Brothers of the Common Life, at Rostock, colophon quoted, [92].
• Brown, Horatio, his ‘The Venetian Printing Press’ quoted, [34], [62], [110].
• Bruno, Henricus, complaint of overwork, [127].
• Bruschus, Bartholomaeus, on his brother’s death, [71].
• Caesaris, P., his copy of a Veldener colophon copied by Balsarin, [165].
• Calends, method of reckoning days of the month by, [182].
• Capitales litterae, capitalia, initial letters, not simply majuscules, [12], [81] (N. B. The explanation in the text at p. 81 is wrong, the reference being to the initial letters of the first seven lines of the colophon, which make the name Günther).
• Capitalia. See [Capitales litterae].
• Caracterizare, meaning of the word, [12 sq.]
• Carbo, Lodovicus, his verse colophons, [31], [50 sq.]
• Casal Maggiore, Hebrew book finished at, [69].
• Caxton, William, specimens of his colophons, [133-138], [174], [176];
• his patrons and helpers, [99], [135];
• his advertisement of the Sarum Directorium or ‘Pie,’ [89];
• his difficulties with the text of Chaucer, [153];
• De Worde’s reference to his last hours, [72].
• Cennini, Ber. and Dom., colophons to their Virgil quoted, [63 sq.]
• Cepolla, Bartolommeo, his self-advertisement, [139].
• Chalcographi, meaning of the word, [53].
• Chardella, Simon, finances Ulrich Han, [101].
• Chaucer, Geoffrey, Caxton’s difficulties with his text, [153].
• Cheapness, vaunts of, in colophons, [106].
• Christie, R. C., his detection of the 1499 Brescia Politian, purporting to be printed at Florence, [159 sq.]
• Cividale, Bartolommeo de, colophon quoted, [59].
• Classical texts, the Italian market in 1472 overstocked with, [108 sq.];
• their editors’ colophons, [149-153].
• Cleve, Johann von, musician, his troubles with his printers, [129].
• Cluniac monastery at Rougemont. See [Rougemont].
• Codex, meaning of the word, [12].
• Cologne, book dated ‘1458’ printed at, [47 note].
• Colophon, the city, [xi].
• Colophons, original meaning and derivation of the word colophon, [ix];
• history of its use in England, [x];
• its connection with the city of Colophon, [xi];
• GENERAL REMARKS ON, [1-7];
• colophons not found in all early printed books, [4], [9 sqq.], [15];
• their information often defective, [4];
• more often found in Latin than in vernacular books, [6 sq.], [44], [47];
• their use a sign of the printer’s pride in his work, [6], [9], [22], [82], [85];
• EXAMPLES OF COLOPHONS USED AT MAINZ, [8-29];
• difficulty of exactly translating words used in, [12 sq.], [24], [53];
• phrases taken over from one colophon to another, [15 sq.];
• possible significance of this, [17 sq.], [52];
• attachment of printers’ devices to, [20], [23], [82];
• their evidence as to the invention of printing, [25 sqq.];
• EXAMPLES OF VENETIAN COLOPHONS, [30-56];
• their information as to the size of early Venice editions, [32], [34], [37];
• use of verse in, [31], [52], [54];
• misprinted dates in, [43 sqq.], [60];
• PRINTERS’ COLOPHONS IN GENERAL, [57-90];
• frequent expression of religious feeling in, [57 sq.], [92 sq.];
• boastfulness in, [58];
• often used to claim credit for introducing printing into a particular town, [58-60];
• allusion in an Oxford colophon to Venice printers, [62];
• Florentine allusion to spaces left for Greek words, [64];
• their allusions to the plague, [65 sqq.];
• tell us of books begun in one place and ended at another, [67 sqq.];
• their allusions to war, [69 sq.];
• to deaths of printers, [36], [71 sq.];
• to relations between masters and workmen, [72 sq.], [78];
• their apologies for misprints, [72-74];
• allusions in a Naples colophon to the printers’ enemies, [75];
• boasts of loyalty, [76 sq.];
• references in colophons to types, [80];
• an Augsburg colophon with an acrostic of the printer’s name (see under [Capitales litterae]), [81];
• references to their printers’ marks, [82-86];
• express their printers’ desire to make their names known, [87 sq.];
• PUBLISHERS’ COLOPHONS, [91-122];
• their professions of unselfish zeal, [91 sqq.];
• praise of the books to which they are appended, [94 sqq.];
• their demand for gratitude, [92];
• allusions to the help given by patrons, [99 sqq.];
• or by a philanthropic partner, [101], [108];
• the publisher in one case a bell-ringer, [102];
• in another a poet, [103];
• colophons often precise in their note of their publishers’ address, [104];
• their vaunts of cheapness, [106];
• or of a correctness beyond price, [108];
• allusions to quick printing, [109];
• their references to privileges for exclusive printing, [110-120];
• their scanty allusions to pictures in books, [121 sq.];
• COLOPHONS OF AUTHORS AND EDITORS, [123-158];
• examples of these in combination with printers’ or publishers’ colophons, [124 sqq.];
• colophons an outlet for the author’s thankfulness, [125];
• or his complaints—a grumble at overwork, [127];
• complaints of printers, [129];
• apologies for bad Latin, [130];
• details as to author’s age, [131];
• an author’s precaution to prevent his colophon being omitted, [132];
• colophons of William Caxton, [133-138];
• colophons used to advertise the author, [139 sq.];
• or to allow editors to depreciate their predecessors, [140 sqq.];
• colophons of liturgical printers and editors, [145-148];
• of editors of classical texts, [149-153];
• allusions to textual difficulties also in modern works, [154];
• editorial pleas for indulgence, [156];
• editorial gratitude to helpers, [157];
• REPETITIONS, THEFTS, AND ADAPTATIONS OF COLOPHONS, [159-169];
• grammatical errors introduced by thieves, [165];
• DATES IN COLOPHONS, [170-184];
• common errors in reading them, [183 sq.]
• Conrad of Westphalia, steals a colophon of Veldener’s, [162].
• Copyright, possibly more respected in German cities than elsewhere, [17 sq.];
• at first dependent on courtesy or rules of trade-guilds, [22];
• secured by ‘privileges,’ [110-120].
• Corallus, Stephanus, colophon quoted, [109].
• Cornazanus, Antonius, his verse colophons, [31].
• Corniger, Franciscus, prints his patron’s poems, [103].
• Creusner, Fridericus, copies a Valdarfer colophon, [161].
• Damilas, Demetrio, corrector of the Florentine Homer, [5 sq.]
• Dates in colophons, [170-184].
• Daubeney, W., urges Caxton to print ‘Charles the Great,’ [99], [136].
• Deaths of printers, allusions to, in colophons, [36], [71].
• Demetrio of Milan. See [Damilas].
• Devices, attached to colophons, [82];
• examples of portraits used as, [84 sq.]
• Diel, Florentinus, his charges against previous editors, [143].
• Doges, names of, in colophons, [41];
• list of, [173].
• Dupré and Gerard, colophon quoted, [179].
• Easter day, 1470-1521, list of dates on which it fell, [178];
• French year began with, [179].
• Editions, number of copies in those first printed at Venice, [32], [34], [37];
• at Milan, [151 sq.]
• Editors’ and authors’ colophons, [123-158].
• Eggestein, Heinrich, his books before 1471 not dated, [11].
• Elementa, Elementatum, meaning of the words, [24-80].
• England, year used to begin on March 25th in, [176];
• regnal years of kings (1461-1603), [172].
• Errors of dating in colophons and in reading them, [183 sq.]
• Floods, allusion to, in a colophon, [167].
• Florence, colophons of books printed at, [5], [63], [154], [160];
• Florentine year began on Lady day, [181].
• Foresti, Jacobus. See [Jacobus Bergomensis].
• Fossa, Evangelio, privilege granted to, for all his writings, [113].
• France, regnal years of kings (1461-1610), [172].
• Franciscus, Magister, his verses in Mainz editions of Justinian, [26].
• Free trade, effect of, on English printing, [110].
• Freiberg, first book printed at, [67].
• Fust, Johann, colophons from books printed by, [10 sqq.];
• failure of his health, [18].
• Geese of the Capitol, Ulrich Han’s allusion to, [88].
• ‘Germani fidelissimi,’ who they were, [77].
• Germany, day on which the year began in, [177];
• method of indicating days of the month and week by saints’ days, introits, etc., used in, [182 sq.];
• privileges for exclusive printing granted in, [119].
• Grammars vaunted as royal roads to learning, [95 sqq.]
• Grammatical slips in borrowed colophons, [165 sq.]
• Greek, allusion in a Florentine colophon to the practice of leaving blank spaces for Greek quotations, [64];
• a Greek colophon, [5].
• Gregorii, J. and G., colophons quoted, [112 sqq.]
• Gutenberg, Johann, never put his name to any printed book, [11];
• his tradition of secrecy imitated, [ib.];
• sale of his types, [17].
• Hamann, Johann, adopts part of a colophon, [169].
• Han, Ulrich, colophons quoted, [88], [101], [108], [120];
• financed by Simon Chardella, [101];
• copies Schoeffer’s colophons and makes blunders in them, [165-168].
• Henry VII, Caxton’s relations with, [137].
• Herbort, Johann, colophons quoted, [78 sq.]
• Hoemberch, Conrad de. See [Winters].
• Horae, references in, to their pictures, [120].
• Hortus Sanitatis, reference in the colophon of Meidenbach’s edition to its pictures, [121].
• Ides, method of dating by, [182].
• Indictions, method of reckoning by, used in colophons, [170].
• Introit at high mass, first word used to denote the Sunday to which it belonged, [183].
• Invocavit Sunday, [184].
• Jacobus Bergomensis, his age when he finished different editions of the Supplementum Chronicarum, [131 sq.]
• Jakob of Amsfort, Ulrich Zell’s acknowledgment of his help, [157].
• Januensis (of Genoa), [81].
• Jenson, Nicolas, colophons quoted, [41-49];
• partnership with John of Cologne, [78];
• one of his colophons reprinted at Naples, [162].
• John of Cologne, finances Wendelin of Speier, [36];
• colophons quoted, [55], [77 sq.], [169].
• John of Speier, colophons in his books, [32 sq.]
• John of Verona, colophons quoted, [120].
• John of Westphalia, his portrait device mentioned in his colophons, [84], [86].
• Justinian, verses of Magister Franciscus in Mainz editions of the Institutes and Decretals, [26].
• Kachelofen, Conrad, colophon to Meissen Missal, [67].
• Kessler, N., colophon quoted, [155].
• Koberger, Anton, colophons quoted, [121], [148];
• borrows a Cologne colophon, [168].
• Koelhoff, Johann, book dated ‘1458’ printed by, [47 note].
• Lady day, March 25, in England and Florence year used to begin on, [176], [181].
• Laetare Sunday, [183].
• Latis, Bonetus de, asks indulgence for his bad Latin, [131].
• Lavagna, F. da, colophons quoted, [60], [149].
• Leeu, Gerard, allusion to his death, [72].
• Levet, Pierre, uses a Cologne colophon, [168].
• Libri, Bartolommeo di, Proctor’s discovery of his importance as a Florentine printer, [4-6].
• Lisa, Gerard de, colophon quoted, [59].
• Liturgical books, colophons in, [145-148].
• Livy, verses in Wendelin of Speier’s 1470 edition of, [37].
• Lucca, first book printed at, [59].
• Lucretius, rarity of medieval texts of, [153].
• Mainz colophons, [8-29].
• Malory, Sir Thomas, his illness and death, [124].
• Manthen, Johann, partnership with John of Cologne, [78].
• Mantua, first book printed at, [59].
• Marnef, Geoffroi, colophon quoted, [106].
• Masters and workmen, references to the relations between, [72 sq.], [78].
• Matthias Moravus, was he one of the ‘Germani fidelissimi’? [77].
• Mentelin, Johann, his books before 1473 not dated, [11].
• Milan, rival claims to the first introduction of printing at, [60].
• Misinta, Bernard, his attribution of his 1499 Politian to Florence, [160].
• Misprints, apologies for, [72 sqq.];
• in dates in colophons, [43-48].
• Missal printers, their special claims to accuracy, [145 sqq.]
• Müller, Johann, his advertisement of his books, [89].
• Natta, Georgius, embassy to Milan, [127].
• Nerli, Bernardo and Nerio, finance the Florentine Homer, [5 sq.]
• New Year, date of, in various countries, [175 sqq.]
• Nicolaus de Auximo, finishes in 1444 his Supplementum Summae Pisanellae, [133].
• Nones, method of dating by, [182].
• Oculi Sunday, [183].
• Olympiades Dominicae, [79], [170].
• Olympiads, Theodoric Rood’s misreckoning by, [61], [170].
• Omnibonus Leonicenus, his verse colophons, [31], [42].
• Orlandi, Sebastian and Raphael dei, patrons of Pescia printers, [99].
• Ortus Sanitatis. See [Hortus].
• Oxford, book dated ‘1468’ printed at, [46 note];
• the colophon of the 1485 ‘Phalaris,’ [62].
• Paderborn, John of. See [John of Westphalia].
• Paganinus de Paganinis, adopts part of a John of Cologne and Jenson colophon, [169].
• Palares, Antonio, bell-ringer, finances a Lerida breviary, [102].
• Pannartz, Arnold, his praise of Valla’s ‘De Elegantia Linguae Latinae,’ [96];
• see also Sweynheym and Pannartz.
• Pavia, first book printed at, [58].
• Pictures in early printed books, colophons alluding to, [120-122].
• Pigouchet and Vostre, colophon quoted, [179].
• Plague, allusions to, in colophons, [65], [67].
• Pleydenwurff, W., illustrator of the ‘Nuremberg Chronicle,’ [121].
• Politian, edition of, printed at Brescia with the false imprint ‘Florentiae,’ [159].
• Popes, 1458-1534, list of, [171 sq.]
• Portrait devices, [84 sq.]
• Pratt, William, urges Caxton to print the ‘Book of Good Manners,’ [99].
• Printers’ devices, use of, in colophons, [20];
• their significance, [22].
• Printing, invention of, secrecy observed by Gutenberg and his followers as to, [11];
• evidence obtainable from colophons as to, [25 sq.];
• Johann Schoeffer’s account of, [27 sqq.]
• Privileges for exclusive printing, early history of, [110-120].
• Proctor, Robert, his identifications of the printers of incunabula, [4 sqq.];
• his arrangement of the earliest Venetian books, [34].
• Punctuation, explanation of the system used in a Salzburg Missal, [145].
• Pynson, Richard, colophon quoted, [118].
• Ratdolt, Erhard, book dated ‘1468’ printed by, [46 note];
• his specimen-sheet, [89].
• Regiomontanus, Joannes. See [Müller].
• Regnal years of popes and kings of England and France, [171 sqq.]
• Religious feeling in colophons, [57].
• Reminiscere Sunday, [183].
• Richel, Bernard, his books before 1474 not dated, [11];
• adopts a Rougemont colophon, [167].
• Ricius, Bernardus, colophon quoted, [111].
• Riessinger, Sixtus, complains of his enemies, [75];
• relations with F. Tuppo, [76].
• Roman letter, first book wholly printed in, in England, [118].
• Rood, Theodoric, his misreckoning by Olympiads, [61], [170];
• colophon of his ‘Phalaris’ quoted, [61].
• Rougemont, Cluniac monastery at, colophon of book printed there, [167].
• Ruppel, Bertold, never dated any of his books, [11].
• Sabellico, Marc’ Antonio, privilege for exclusive printing granted to, [111].
• Saints’ days, German books often dated by, [182].
• Schoeffer, Johann, his account of the invention of printing, [27-29].
• Schoeffer, Peter, his colophons quoted, [8], [10], [16], [18], [20 sqq.];
• his glorification of the art of printing, [11];
• his allusion to his printer’s device imitated by Wenssler, [22];
• copies one of Valdarfer’s colophons, [161];
• his own colophons copied by Han, [165], and Wenssler, [168].
• Scinzenzeler, Ulrich, colophon quoted, [115].
• Scribes, their influence on printers, [xvii].
• Sensenschmidt and Frisner allude to their device in a colophon, [85].
• Sidriano, Jo. de, colophon quoted, [58].
• Sodalitas Celtica of Nuremberg, colophon quoted, [119].
• Spain, privileges for exclusive printing granted in, [118].
• Speier. See [John of Speier], [Wendelin of Speier].
• Stuchs, Georg, colophon quoted, [146].
• Sweynheym and Pannartz, their apology for their harsh names, [87].
• Therhoernen, Arnold, colophon quoted, [92].
• Title-pages, first appearance of, [xvii].
• Tuppo, Francesco, relations with Riessinger, [76].
• V misprinted for X, [61];
• often mistaken for it, [183].
• Valdarfer, Christopher, colophons quoted, [49], [51];
• his colophon to his 1474 ‘Confessionale’ unintelligently copied in Germany, [161].
• Veldener, Jan, mentions his device in a colophon, [84 sq.];
• one of his colophons pirated by Conrad of Westphalia, [163 sq.];
• its subsequent history, [165].
• Venice, colophons quoted, [25-56], [77], [80], [111], [112], [124], [131], [132], [147], [173];
• Oxford colophon’s allusion to Venice printers, [62];
• a reference to its foundation, [70];
• book privileges granted at, [111-113];
• list of doges of, [173];
• date when the year began at, [180].
• Vérard, Antoine, careful address in his colophons, [105];
• colophons quoted, [105], [117].
• Verona, colophon quoted, [120].
• Verse, use of, in colophons, [31];
• the author’s apology for his renderings, [ib.]
• Vicenza, books printed at, protected by Venetian privileges, [115].
• Virgil, verses in Wendelin of Speier’s 1470 edition, [37].
• War, references to, in colophons, [69 sq.]
• Wendelin of Speier, colophons quoted, [36-41].
• Wenssler, Michael, colophon quoted, [82];
• imitates Schoeffer’s use of armorial device, [22];
• copies one of Schoeffer’s colophons, [168].
• Westminster colophons. See [Caxton].
• Westphalia, John of. See [John].
• Winds, allusion to, in a colophon, [168].
• Winters, Conrad, mentions his device in a colophon, [85].
• Wirzburg, Heinrich, colophon quoted, [166].
• Wolgemut, M., illustrator of the ‘Nuremberg Chronicle,’ [121].
• X, examples of accidental omission of, from dates in colophons, [43], [46 sq.];
• V printed in the place of, [61];
• often mistaken for it, [183].
• Year, date of beginning in various countries, [175 sqq.]
• Zainer, Günther, verse colophon with acrostic of his Christian name, [81].
• Zainer, Johann, colophon quoted, [58].
• Zaroto, Antonio, his claim to be the first printer at Milan disputed by Lavagna, [60 sq.]
• Zell, Ulrich, colophon quoted, [156].
• Zovenzonius, Raphael, his verse colophons, [31].

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