[I]. Universal celebrity of Socrates, [108]—Our intimate knowledge of his appearance and character, [109]—Conflicting views of his philosophy, [110]—Untrustworthiness of the Platonic Apologia, [111]—Plato’s account contradicted by Xenophon, [113]—Consistency of the Apologia with the general standpoint of Plato’s Dialogues, [114]—The Platonic idea of science, 115-— How Plato can help us to understand Socrates, [116].
[II]. Zeller’s theory of the Socratic philosophy, [117]—Socrates did not offer any definition of knowledge, [119]—Nor did he correct the deficiencies of Greek physical speculation, [120]—His attitude towards physics resembled that of Protagoras, [121]—Positive theories of morality and religion which he entertained, [123].
[III]. True meaning and originality of the Socratic teaching, [125]—Circumstances by which the Athenian character was formed, [126]—Its prosaic, rationalistic, and utilitarian tendencies, [127]—Effect produced by the possession of empire, [128]—The study of mind in art and philosophy, [128]—How the Athenian character was represented by Socrates, [129]—His sympathy with its practical and religious side, [130]—His relation to the Humanists, [131]—His identification of virtue with knowledge, [132]—The search for a unifying principle in ethics, [133]—Importance of knowledge as a factor in conduct and civilisation, [133]—Fundamental identity of all the mental processes, [136].
[IV]. Harmony of theory and practice in the life of Socrates, [137]—Mind as a principle (i.) of self-control, (ii.) of co-operation, and (iii.) of spontaneous energy, [137]—Derivation and function of the cross-examining elenchus, [138]—How it illustrates the negative moment of Greek thought, [139]—Conversations with Glauco and Euthydemus, [139]—The erotetic method as an aid to self-discipline, [141]—Survival of contradictory debate in the speeches of Thucydides, [142].
[V]. Why Socrates insisted on the necessity of defining abstract terms, [142]—Subsequent influence of his method on the development of Roman law, [144]—Substitution of arrangement by resemblance and difference for arrangement by contiguity, [145]—The One in the Many, and the Many in the One: conversation with Charmides, [146]—Illustration of ideas by their contradictory opposites, [147]—The Socratic induction, (i.) an interpretation of the unknown by the known, [148]—Misapplication of this method in the theory of final causes, 149—(ii.) A process of comparison and abstraction, [150]—Appropriateness of this method to the study of mental phenomena, [151]—Why it is inapplicable to the physical sciences, [151]—Wide range of studies included in a complete philosophy of mind, [151]—The dialectical elimination of inconsistency, [152].
[VI]. Consistency the great principle represented by Socrates, [152]—Parallelism of ethics and logic, [154]—The ethical dialectic of Socrates and Homer, [154]—Personal and historical verifications of the Socratic method, [155]—Its influence on the development of art and literature, [156]—and on the relations between men and women, [158]—Meaning of the Daemonium, [160].
[VII]. Accusation and trial of Socrates, [161]—Futility of the charges brought against him, [162]—Misconceptions of modern critics, [164]—His defence and condemnation, [165]—Worthlessness of Grote’s apology for the Dicastery, [166]—Refusal of Socrates to save himself by flight, [168]—Comparison with Giordano Bruno and Spinoza, [169]—The monuments raised to Socrates by Plato and Xenophon, [169].
PLATO; HIS TEACHERS AND HIS TIMES pages 171-213
[I]. New meaning given to systems of philosophy by the method of evolution, [171]—Extravagances of which Plato’s philosophy seems to be made up, [172]—The high reputation which it, nevertheless, continues to enjoy, [174]—Distinction between speculative tendencies and the systematic form under which they are transmitted, [174]—Genuineness of the Platonic Dialogues, [175]—Their chronological order, [177]—They embody the substance of Plato’s philosophical teaching, [177].