Child Life in Colonial Days

List of Illustrations

John Quincy, One Year and a Half Old, 1690. Owned by Hon. Charles Francis Adams, Boston, Mass.	[Frontispiece]
	Page
Miniature, Governor Edward Winslow, Six Years Old, 1602. Owned by Rev. Dr. William Copley Winslow, Boston, Mass.	facing [4]
Mayflower Cradle, 1620. In Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, Mass.	[10]
Townes Cradle. In Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.	[14]
Old Pincushion. Owned by Mrs. Sophia C. Bedlow, Portland, Maine	[19]
Indian Cradle. In Memorial Hall, Deerfield, Mass.	[20]
Governor Bradford's Christening Blanket, 1590. Owned by John Taylor Terry, Esq., Tarry town, N.Y.	[22]
Standing Stool, Eighteenth Century	[24]
Go-cart	[27]
De Peyster Twins, Four Years Old, 1729. Owned by Mrs. Azoy and Miss Velasquez	facing [26]
Baptismal Shirt and Mittens of Governor Bradford, 1590. In Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.	[35]
Robert Gibbs, Four and a Half Years Old, 1670. Owned by Miss Sarah Bigelow Hagar, Kendal Green, Mass.	facing [36]
Infant's Mitts, Sixteenth Century. In Essex Institute	[39]
Jane Bonner, Eight Years Old, 1700. Owned by Connecticut Historical Society	facing [42]
Infant's Robe, Cap, and Christening Blanket. In Memorial Hall, Deerfield, Mass.	[46]
Ellinor Cordes, Two Years Old, 1740. Owned by Mrs. St. Julian Ravenel, Charleston, S.C.	facing [48]
Daniel Ravenel, Five Years Old, 1765. Owned by Mrs. St. Julian Ravenel, Charleston, S.C.	facing [50]
Children's Shoes. In Bedford Historical Society, Bedford, Mass.	[51]
Gore Children, 1754. Painted by Copley. Owned by the Misses Robins, Boston, Mass.	facing [54]
Jonathan Mountfort, Seven Years Old, 1753. Painted by Copley. Owned by Mrs. Farlin, Detroit, Mich.	facing [58]
Boy's Suit of Clothing, 1784. In Memorial Hall, Deerfield, Mass.	facing [60]
Mary Lord, 1710 circa. Owned by Connecticut Historical Society.	facing [66]
"Erudition" Schoolhouse, Bath, Maine, 1797	[70]
Oldtime School Certificate of Landlord of Wayside Inn, Sudbury, Mass.	[73]
"Old Harmony" Schoolhouse, Raritan Township, Hunterdon County, N.J.	[76]
Samuel Pemberton, Twelve Years Old, 1736. Owned by Miss Ellen M. Ward, Boston, Mass.	facing [78]
Nathan Hale Schoolhouse, East Haddam, Conn.	[82]
Old Brick Schoolhouse, Norwich, Conn. From "Old Houses of Norwich," by Miss Mary E. Perkins	[85]
Elizabeth Storer, Twelve Years Old, 1738. Painted by Smibert. Owned by Dr. Townsend, Boston, Mass. facing	[98]
Carved Busks. Owned by Essex Institute	[106]
"Dorothy Q." "Thirteen Summers," 1720 circa. Owned by Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes, Boston, Mass.	facing [108]
Elizabeth Quincy Wendell, 1720 circa. Owned by Dr. Josiah L. Hale, Brookline, Mass.	facing [112]
Hornbook. Owned by Mrs. Anne Robinson Minturn, Shoreham, Vt.	facing[118]
Hornbook. Owned by Miss Grace L. Gordon, Flushing, L.I.	[120]
Back of Hornbook. Owned by Miss Grace L. Gordon	[123]
"The Royal Battledore"	facing [124]
"My New Battledore"	facing [126]
Reading-board, Erasmus Hall, Flatbush, L.I.	[127]
Page of New England Primer	[130]
"The Grammarian's Funeral"	facing [134]
"Readingmadeasy"	facing [136]
Page from Abraham Lincoln's Sum Book	facing [138]
Battledore, "Lessons in Numbers"	facing [140]
Title-page of "Cocker's Arithmetic"	[140]
"American Selection," by Noah Webster, Jr.	facing [142]
"The Little Reader's Assistant," by Noah Webster, Jr.	facing [144]
Exhibition "Piece" of Anne Reynolds	facing [152]
Ornamental Letter	[154]
Writing of Abiah Holbrook	facing [154]
David Waite, Seven Years Old. Owned by Professor Langley, Washington, D.C.	facing [158]
Page of "White" Bible	facing [162]
Anna Green Winslow. Owned by Miss Elizabeth Trott, Niagara Falls, N.Y.	facing [164]
Pages from Diary of Mary Osgood Sumner. Owned by Dr. P. H. Mell, Auburn, Ala.	facing [166]
Joshua Carter, Four Years Old. Painted by Charles Wilson Peale. Owned by Miss Anna Thaxter Reynolds, Boston, Mass.	facing [170]
Page from Diary of Anna Green Winslow	[174]
Samuel Torrey, Twelve Years Old, 1770. Owned by Miss Frances R. Morse, Boston, Mass.	facing [176]
The Copley Family	facing [180]
Facsimile from Sir Hugh Plat's "Jewel House of Art and Nature," 1653	[183]
Polly Flagg, One Year Old, 1751. Painted by Smibert. Owned by Mrs. Albert Thorndike, Boston, Mass.	facing [184]
James Flagg, Five Years Old, 1744. Painted by Smibert. Owned by Mrs. Albert Thorndike, Boston, Mass.	facing [188]
Katherine Ten Broeck, Four Years Old, 1719. Owned by Miss Louise Livingstone Smith, Argyle, N.Y.	facing [192]
Illustration from "Plain Things for Little Folks"	[195]
Whispering Sticks	[198]
Illustration from "Early Seeds to produce Spring Flowers"	[201]
Cathalina Post, Fourteen Years Old, 1750. Owned by Dr. Van Santvoord, Kingston, N.Y.	facing [204]
Illustration from "Young Wilfrid"	facing [206]
William Verstile, 1769. Painted by Copley. Owned by Mrs. Charles Pinney, Derby, Conn.	facing [210]
The Pepperell Children. Owned by Miss Alice Longfellow, Cambridge, Mass.	facing [214]
Title-page of the "School of Manners"	[216]
Page of the "School of Manners"	[218]
Thomas Aston Coffin, Three Years Old. Painted by Copley. Owned by heirs of Miss Anne S. Robbins, Boston, Mass.	facing [222]
Mrs. John Hesselius and her Children, John and Caroline. Painted by John Hesselius. Owned by Mrs. Ridgeley, Baltimore, Md.	facing [228]
Charlotte and Elizabeth Hesselius. Painted by John Hesselius. Owned by Mrs. Ridgeley, Baltimore, Md.	facing [234]
Charles Spooner Cary, Eight Years Old, 1786. Owned by Mrs. Edward Cunningham, East Milton, Mass.	facing [240]
Margaret Graves Cary, Fourteen Years Old, 1786. Owned by Mrs. Edward Cunningham, East Milton, Mass.	facing [246]
The Custis Children, 1760 circa. Owned by General Custis Lee, Lexington, Va.	facing [250]
"The Holy Bible Abridged." Owned by American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.	facing [254]
Illustration from "Original Poetry for Young Minds"	[256]
Page of "Hieroglyphick Bible." Owned by American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.	[259]
Title-page of "Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham"	[266]
Page of "Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham"	[267]
"The Renowned History of Goody Two Shoes"	facing [270]
Title-page of "A New Lottery Book"	[274]
Two Pages of "A New Lottery Book"	[276]
Frontispiece of "Be Merry and Wise." Owned by American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.	[278]
Title-page of "Be Merry and Wise." Owned by American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.	[282]
Page of "Cobwebs to catch Flies"	[284]
Woodcut by Bewick. "William and Amelia." From "The Looking Glass for the Mind"	[286]
Woodcut by Bewick. "Caroline, or A Lesson to cure Vanity." From "The Looking Glass for the Mind"	[289]
Woodcut by Bewick. "Sir John Denham and his Worthy Tenant." From "The Looking Glass for the Mind"	[291]
Woodcut by Bewick. "Clarissa, or The Grateful Orphan." From "The Looking Glass for the Mind"	[294]
Page from "The Juvenile Biographer"	[296]
"The Juvenile Biographer"	facing [298]
Two Pages of "The Father's Gift"	facing [300]
Page of "Vice in its Proper Shape." Owned by American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.	[302]
"The Good Girl at her Wheel"	[307]
Illustration from "Plain Things for Little Folks"	[309]
Anne Lennod's Sampler	[313]
Colonel Wadsworth and his Son. Painted by Trumbull. Owned by Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn.	facing [316]
Jerusha Pitkin's Embroidery and Frame. 1751. Copyrighted. Owned by Mrs. William Lee, Boston, Mass.	[324]
Lora Standish's Sampler. In Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, Mass	[327]
Fleetwood-Quincy Sampler. Owned by Mrs. Swan, Cambridge, Mass	[330]
Polly Coggeshall's Sampler. Owned by Miss Julia Hazard Thomas, Flushing, L. I.	[334]
Flowered Apron, 1750 circa. Owned by Mrs. Swan, Cambridge, Mass	[336]
Mary Richard's Sampler. Owned by Miss Elizabeth Wendell van Rensselaer	[337]
Ancient Lace Pillow, Reels, and Pockets. In Essex Institute, Salem, Mass	[340]
"Scotch Hoppers" from "Juvenile Games for the Four Seasons"	[345]
Ancient Skates. In Deerfield Memorial Hall	facing [346]
"Skating." From Old Picture Book	[349]
Cornelius D. Wynkoop, Eight Years Old, 1742. Owned by James D. Wynkoop, Esq., Hurley, N.Y.	facing [352]
Page from "Youthful Sports"	[355]
Stephen Row Bradley, 1800 circa. Owned by Arthur C. Bradley, Esq., Newport, N. H.	facing [356]
Dolls' Furniture. One Hundred Years Old. In Bedford Historical Society	[359]
Ancient Doll	[362]
Old Rag Doll. In Bedford Historical Society.	[363]
"French Doll." In Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.	[364]
"French Doll." In Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.	[367]
Dolls and Furniture. Owned by Bedford Historical Society	[368]
Chinese Coach and Horses. In Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.	[369]
Old Jackknives. In Deerfield Memorial Hall.	[370]
"Bangwell Putt." In Deerfield Memorial Hall	facing [370]
White House Doll. Owned by Mrs. Clement, Newburyport, Mass.	[372]
Ancient Tin Toy	[373]
Doll's Wicker Coach	[374]
Stella Bradley Bellows, 1800 circa. Owned by Arthur C. Bradley, Esq., Newport, N. H.	facing [378]
Daisy Chain.	[381]
Playing Marbles	[385]
Spanish Dolls. In Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.	[389]
Leaf Boats. Made from Leaves of Flower de Luce	[395]

CHAPTER I

BABYHOOD

Some things are of that nature as to make
One's fancy chuckle, while his heart doth ache.

—The Author's Way of Sending Forth His Second Part of the Pilgrim. John Bunyan, 1684.

There is something inexpressibly sad in the thought of the children who crossed the ocean with the Pilgrims and the fathers of Jamestown, New Amsterdam, and Boston, and the infancy of those born in the first years of colonial life in this strange new world. It was hard for grown folk to live; conditions and surroundings offered even to strong men constant and many obstacles to the continuance of existence; how difficult was it then to rear children!