[177] Schanz, ii. 582-5.
[178] Ibid. i. 7-11.
[179] Schanz, i. 31, 32.
[180] Ibid. i. 339.
[181] Schanz, i. 345; ii. 561, 562.
[182] Instances, Schanz, ii. 557, 558.
[183] Ibid. ii. 564.
[184] Ibid. ii. 543.
[185] From Antwerp Archives; Schanz, ii. 539-43.
[186] In November, 1504, the Staplers and Adventurers appeared before the Star Chamber. The Staplers pleaded a charter which declared them free from the jurisdiction of the Adventurers. The Star Chamber decided that every Stapler who dealt or traded as an Adventurer was to be subject to the courts and dues of the Adventurers: and every Adventurer dealing as a Stapler in like manner to be subject to the Staple (Schanz, ii. 547). This decision seemed to imply the ruin of Staplers, but the next year it was explained that the authentic interpretation was simply that “the merchants of the Staple at Calais using the feate of a Merchant Adventurer passing to the marts at Calais should in those things be contributories to such impositions and charges” as the Adventurers had fixed (ibid. 549); and that they could not be compelled to join the Adventurers’ company. In 1510 Henry the Eighth repeated the decree of Henry the Seventh that the Adventurers must not force Staplers to join their body (555). For the pleadings before the Star Chamber under Henry the Eighth see Schanz, ii. 556-564.