SUBJECT OR COMPLEMENT MODIFIED BY A PARTICIPLE.
+Hints for Oral Instruction+.—You have learned, in the preceding Lessons, that a quality may be assumed as belonging to a thing; as, white chalk, or that it may be asserted of it; as, Chalk is white. An action, also, may be assumed as belonging to something; as, Peter turning, or it may be asserted; as, Peter turned. In the expression, Peter, turning, said, what word expresses an action as assumed, and which asserts an action? Each pupil may give an example of an action asserted and of an action assumed; as, Corn grows, corn growing; geese gabble; geese gabbling.
This form of the verb, which merely assumes the act, being, or state, is called the +Participle+.
When the words growing and gabbling are placed before the nouns, thus: growing corn, gabbling geese, they tell simply the kind of corn and the kind of geese, and are therefore adjectives.
When the or some other adjective is placed before these words, and a preposition after them, thus: The growing of the corn, the gabbling of the geese, they are simply the names of actions, and are therefore nouns.
Let each pupil give an example of a verb asserting an action, and change it to express:—
1st, An assumed action; 2d, A permanent quality; 3d, The name of an action.
Participles may be completed by objects and attributes.
+Analysis and Parsing+.
+Model+.—Truth, crushed to earth, will rise again.