TO THE TEACHER.—Illustrate the connecting force of who, which, and that by substituting for them the words for which they stand, and noting the loss of connection.
2. The lever which moves the world of mind is the printing-press. 3. Wine makes the face of him who drinks it to excess blush for his habits.
+Explanation+.—The adjective clause does not always modify the subject.
4. Photography is the art which enables commonplace mediocrity to look like
genius.
5. In 1685 Louis XIV. signed the ordinance that revoked the Edict of
Nantes.
6. The thirteen colonies were welded together by the measures which Samuel
Adams framed.
+Explanation+.—The pronoun connecting an adjective clause is not always a subject.
7. The guilt of the slave-trade, [Footnote: See Lesson 61, foot-note.] which sprang out of the traffic with Guinea, rests with John Hawkins. 8. I found the place to which you referred.
I | found | place
====|==================
| \the `
`
you | referred `
———|————— `
| \to `
\ which `
\———-
9. The spirit in which we act is the highest matter. 10. It was the same book that I referred to.
+Explanation+.—The phrase to that modifies referred. That connects the adjective clause. When the pronoun that connects an adjective clause, the preposition never precedes. The diagram is similar to that of (8).
11. She that I spoke to was blind. 12. Grouchy did not arrive at the time that Napoleon most needed him.