+Explanation.+—Several words may together be explanatory of one.
11. The turtle's back-bone and breast-bone—its shell and coat of armor—are on the outside of its body.
back-bone shell
=============\ ========\
'\ /' \ | are
and' \==========(======/ 'and \=)=|=======
' / \turtle's \its \ ' / |
breast-bone '/ \The \' coat /
=============/ ========/
12. Cromwell's rule as Protector began in the year 1653 and ended in 1658.
+Explanation+.—As, namely, to wit, viz., i.e., e.g., and that is may introduce explanatory modifiers, but they do not seem to connect them to the words modified. In the diagram they stand like as in Lesson 30. Protector is explanatory of Cromwell's.
13. In the latter half of the eighteenth century, three powerful nations,
namely, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, united for the dismemberment of
Poland.
14. John, the beloved disciple, lay on his Master's breast.
15. The petals of the daisy, day's-eye, close at night and in rainy
weather.
* * * * *
LESSON 34.
COMPOSITION—NOUNS AS ADJECTIVE MODIFIERS.
+COMMA—RULE.—An Explanatory Modifier, when it does not restrict the modified term or combine closely with it, is set off by the comma.+ [Footnote: See foot-note, Lesson 18]