Electric Transmission of Water Power - Alton D. Adams

The copper cables were so strung as to have a minimum distance from the ground of 25 feet at the lowest points of the spans. In order to do this the standard steel towers that hold the lower cables 40 feet above the ground level at the insulators are spaced at varying distances apart, according to the nature of the ground between them. At each tower the upper cable of each circuit is 5 feet 3 inches higher than the two lower cables, and this distance between the elevations of the upper and the lower cables is maintained whatever the amount of sag at the centre of each span. If there is a depression between two standard towers on a straight portion of the line, the sag in the centre of a span 400 feet long may be as much as 18 feet. Where a rise and fall in the ground between towers make it necessary to limit the sag to 14 feet in order to keep the lowest cables 25 feet above the highest point of earth, the length of span is limited to 350 feet. If the rise and fall of ground level between towers allow a sag of only 11 feet with the lowest cable 25 feet above the earth, the length of span with 40-foot towers is reduced to 300 feet; and if for a like reason the sag is limited to 8 feet, the span may only be 250 feet.

Fig. 105.—Take-up Arrangement on Terminal Tower.

At each terminal tower, where the cables are secured before they pass into a terminal-station, the three insulators for each cable are in a straight line with their centres, 30 inches apart. When a line cable reaches the first insulator of the three to which it is to be attached on one of these towers, it is passed around the neck of this insulator and then secured on itself by means of two clamps that are tightened with bolts and nuts. See [Fig. 105]. The cable thus secured turns up and back over the tops of the three insulators and goes to the terminal-station. Around the neck of the insulator to which the line cable has been secured in the way just outlined a short detached length of the regular copper cable with the parts of a turnbuckle at each end is passed, and this same piece of cable also passes around the neck of the next insulator in the series of three. By joining the ends of the turnbuckle and tightening it, a part of the strain of the line cable in question is transferred from the first to the second insulator of the series. In the same way a part of the strain of this same line cable is transferred from the second insulator of the series to the third, or one nearest to the terminal-station.

INDEX.

Air-blast cooled transformers, [129]
Air-gap data, [183]
Air gaps, number in series to stand given voltage, [183]
Albany-Hudson Ry. Plant, [121]
Alternating currents, [227]
Alternator voltage, [118]
Alternators, [103]
data, [118]
for high voltage, [120]
inductor, [112]
types of, [111]
Aluminum as a conductor, [200], [209]
cables in use, [213]
conductor joints, [206]
conductors, [27], [28]
corrosion of, [211]
properties of, [212]
soldered joints, [206]
vs. copper, [209]
wire, cost of, [29]
Amoskeag Mfg. Co. plant, [51], [52]
Amsterdam (N. Y.) plant, [121]
Anchor ice, [59]
Anderson (S. C.) plant, [121]
Apple River (Minn.) plant, [1], [26], [27], [28], [71], [97], [98], [99], [102], [118], [119], [124], [126], [127], [134], [174], [187], [190], [192], [208], [245], [264], [294]
Arc lighting, [167]
Arcing, [46]
Automatic regulators, [162]
Barbed wire, [169], [175]
Belt drive, [83], [107]
Bienne plant (Switzerland), [42]
Birchem Bend, [57], [67], [79], [95], [97], [98], [102]
Blower capacity necessary to cool transformers, [130]
Boosters, [133]
Boston-Worcester Ry. plants, [121]
Braces for cross-arms, [259]
Bronze conductors, [200]
Brush discharge, [281]
Buchanan (Mich.) plant, [88]
Building materials, [95]
Bulls Bridge plant, [63]
Burrard Inlet (B. C.) plant, [111], [112]
Bus-bars, [142], [147]
dummy, [145]
Cable insulation, [195]
sheaths, [194]
ways, [140]
Cables, aluminum, [212]
aluminum, in use, [213]
charging current, [197]
cost of, [188], [196]
for alternating current, [194]
high-voltage, [191]
paper insulated, [196]
protection against electrolysis, [195]
rubber-covered, [195]
submarine, [192]
temperature of, [198]
voltage in, [190], [196]
Canadian-Niagara Falls Power Co., [121]
Canals, [51], [53]
long, [68]
Cañon City plant, [26], [27], [28], [117], [118], [127], [208]
Cañon Ferry plant, [1], [3], [26], [27], [28], [46], [49], [53], [62], [68], [69], [83], [89], [94], [95], [97], [102], [105], [112], [113], [118], [119], [124], [125], [126], [127], [130], [132], [134], [174], [208], [233], [234], [245], [246], [249], [254], [257], [259], [268], [272], [280], [282], [294], [295], [302]
Cedar Lake plant, [90]
Chambly plant, [96], [110], [149], [156], [172], [189], [249], [255], [256], [257], [267], [272], [287], [294], [295], [311], [312]
Charging current for cable, [197]
Charring of pins, [276], [278]
Chaudière Falls plant, [118]
Choke-coil used with lightning arresters, [180]
Circuit breakers, [135], [150]
breakers, time limit, [152]
Circuits, selection of, [233]
Coal, price of, in Salt Lake City, [8]
Colgate plant, [1], [3], [26], [27], [28], [74], [82], [83], [90], [94], [97], [98], [99], [101], [102], [108], [112], [113], [118], [127], [130], [132], [134], [187], [190], [201], [206], [208], [213], [245], [246], [250], [254], [257], [272], [277], [280], [282], [294], [295], [304], [309]
Columbus (Ga.) plant, [83], [115]
Compounding, [160]
Compressive strength of woods, [302]
Conductivity of the conductor metals, [201]
Conductors, [200]
aluminum, [27], [28], [206]
aluminum, properties of, [212]
coefficients of expansion, [200]
corrosion of, [211]
cost of, [22], [29], [203], [204], [205]
cost of aluminum, [29]
cost of per k. w., [28]
cost of copper, [29]
data, [204]
data from representative transmission plants, [208]
expansion of aluminum and copper, [211]
melting points, [200]
minimum size for transmission line, [202]
properties of ideal, [200]
relative conductivity, [201]
relative cost of, [20]
relative properties for equal lengths and resistances, [204]
relative strengths for given area, [203]
relative weight for given conductivity, [202]
relative weight of, [202]
relative weights of three-phase, two-phase, and single-phase lines, [220]
resistance of, [225]
skin effect, [206], [233]
weight per k. w., [27]
Conduits, [195]
radiation loss in, [198]
temperature rise in, [198]
Constant current regulator, [167]
transformer, [167]
Control equipment for d. c. and a. c. plants, [35]
Copper conductors, [200]
cost of, [22]
vs. aluminum, [209]
wire, cost of, [29]
Corrosion of conductors, [211]
Cross-arm braces, [258]
iron, [284]
location of, [257]
material, [258]
Cross-arms, [49], [256]
Crossings, [187]
Dales plant (White River), [26], [27], [28], [71], [134], [208]
Dams, [62]
Delta connection, [131]
Depreciation, [11]
Design of power-plant, [83]
Dike, [60]
Direct connection, [84]
Discharge, static, [170]
Distribution system, [158]
Draught tubes, [79]
Dummy bus-bars, [145]
Easton (Pa.) plant, [121]
Edison Co. (Los Angeles) plant, [118]
Efficiency constant-current transmission, [216]
curves, motor-generator set, [117]
of constant-voltage transmission, [217]
of transformers, [133]
relative, of a. c. and d. c. transmission, [35]
Electra plant, [1], [3], [74], [82], [83], [92], [94], [97], [98], [101], [102], [108], [112], [113], [118], [127], [174], [206], [208], [212], [213], [233], [235], [236], [245], [248], [253], [254], [256], [259], [272], [275], [277], [280], [281], [282], [294], [295]
Electric power, market for, [7]
Electrical Development Co., Niagara plant, [120]
Electricity vs. gas, [6]
Electrolysis, [195]
Energy curves of hydro-electric stations, [13]
electrical, cost of at switchboard, [23]
Entrance end strain, [261], [325]
insulating discs, [262]
into buildings, [179]
of lines, [179], [261], [265]
through roof, [269]
wall openings, [262]
Entries for transmission lines, [261]
Expansion, coefficient of, for copper and aluminum, [211]
coefficients of, for various conductor metals, [200]
Farmington River (Conn.) plant, [26], [27], [28], [58], [118], [125], [134], [208], [212], [213], [245]
Feeders, [143]
Ferranti cables, [192]
Fire-proofing, [95]
Floor, distance from roof to, [95]
location of, [79]
space, [12], [101], [102]
space per k. w. of generators, [12]
Floors, [95]
Fog, [46], [277]
Fore-bay, [59], [60]
Foundations, [95]
Frequency, [113], [127]
effect on transformer cost, [116]
Fuel, price of, in Salt Lake City, [8]
Fuses, [135], [150]
Garvins Falls plant, [56], [60], [79], [80], [94], [96], [97], [102], [113], [145], [240], [294]
Gas vs. electricity, [6]
Gears, [84], [108]
Generators (a. c.), [103]
d. c. vs. a. c., [31]
Generators, belt-driven, [107]
capacity of, [32]
compounding of, [160]
cost of, [40]
(a. c.) cost, [32]
(a. c.) data, [118]
direct-connected to horizontal turbines, [89]
to impulse wheels, [90]
connection to vertical shafts, [84]
(d. c.) field excitation of, [41]
floor space, [101]
per k. w., [12]
gear-driven, [108]
(a. c.) high-voltage, [120]
(d. c.) in series, [31]
(d. c.) installation of, [41]
insulation of, [39], [45]
lightning protection, [34]
limiting voltage of, [44]
(a. c.) limiting voltage of, [32]
(d. c.) limiting voltage of, [31]
overload capacity, [103]
relation between voltage and capacity, [127]
revolving armatures, [112]
fields, [112]
series-wound, [41]
speed regulation, [38]
Glass vs. porcelain insulators, [288]
Great Falls plant, [54], [60], [61], [64], [67], [78], [92], [93], [102], [114], [118]
Greggs Falls plant, [54], [56], [64], [240]
Ground connections, [178]
for guard wires, [171], [172]
Grounded guard wires, [168]
Guard wires, [168]
installation of, [175]
Guying of poles, [255]
Hagneck (Switzerland) plant, [86]
Hooksett Falls plant, [56], [131]
Hydro-electric plants, [1]
built at the dam, [64-67]
canals, long, [68-73]
long and short, [58]
short, [53-56]
capacity and weight of conductors per k. w. for various plants, [27]
(800 k. w.) cost of, [10]
(1500 k. w.) cost of, [11]
cost of labor, [12]
cost of operation, [12], [77]
design of, [83]
floor, [79]
space per k. w., [101]
interest and depreciation, [11]
linked together, [56-58]
load factors, [14], [15]
location of, [64]
model design, [12]
operation, [59]
vs. steam plant, [5], [12]
with pipe-lines, [73-77]
with steam auxiliary, [84]
Ice, [59]
Impulse wheel speed, [108]
wheels, [82], [90]
location of, [99]
Indian Orchard plant, [57], [84]
Inductance, [206], [230]
Induction, electro-magnetic, electrostatic, [168]
on lines, [206]
regulator, [162]
Inductor alternators, [112]
Insulation, as affected by ozone, [197]
cost of paper vs. rubber, [196]
of a. c. and d. c. lines, [34]
of apparatus, [142]
of cables, [195]
of electrical machines, [45]
of generators, [39]
protection against ozone, [198]
Insulator arc-over test, [291]
-pins, [270] (see [Pins])
Insulators, [277], [282], [287], [322]
and pins, data from various plants, [280]
defective, [288]
glass vs. porcelain, [288]
in snow, [293]
method of fastening to iron pins, [271]
novel clamp, [323]
on various transmission lines, [294]
petticoats, [294]
testing of, [288]
tests, [290]
test voltage, [289]
with oil, [287]
Iron conductors, [200]
Kelley’s Falls plant, [56]
Kelvin’s law, [219]
Labor, cost of, [12]
in hydro-electric stations, [12]
Leakage, [275], [287]
line, [207], [214]
Lewiston (Me.) plant, [118], [120], [122], [167], [213]
Lighting, incandescent, minimum frequency, [116]
series distribution, [167]
Lightning arrester, effect of series resistance, [185]
arresters, [168], [176]
ground connection, [178]
multiple air-gap, [176], [183]
non-arcing metals in, [184]
series connection of, [180]
shunted air-gaps, [185]
with choke coil, [180]
protection, [34]
Line calculations, [221-232]
charging current, [197]
conductors, [200]
conductors, cost of, [22]
weight of, [21]
construction, [222]
cost, [310]
cross-arms, [49]
spacing of wires, [46]
(a. c.) transmission, [34]
(d. c.) transmission, [33]
end strain, [325]
leakage, [47]
loss, [39]
losses due to grounded guard wires, [176]
Lines, sag, [309]
transposition of, [314]
Line voltages, [45]
Load factors, [14], [15]
lighting, [61]
maximum, [60]
motor, [160]
railway, [164]
Loss in conduits, [198]
relation to weight of conductors, [215]
Losses due to grounded guard wire, [176]
on transmission lines, [215]
Ludlow Mills plant, [26], [27], [28], [57], [79], [100], [121], [208], [213]
Madrid (N. M.) plant, [26], [27], [28], [118], [208]
Manchester (N. H.) plants, [120]
Market for electric power, [7]
Materials, building, [95]
for line-conductors, [200]
Mechanicsville plant, [58], [67], [109], [121], [174]
Melting points of conductor metals, [200]
Montmorency Falls plant, [26], [27], [28], [240]
Motor load, [160]
Motor-generator set efficiency curve, [117]
Motors, series-wound, [41]
(d. c.) speed regulation, [38]
synchronous, [241]
Multiple air-gap arrester, [176]
Needle-point spark-gap for measuring pressure, [290]
Neversink River plant, [75], [179]
Niagara Falls Power Co., [3], [59], [81], [86], [87], [93], [94], [95], [97], [101], [102], [105], [106], [107], [108], [112], [113], [117], [118], [119], [127], [133], [137], [140], [143], [145], [151], [153], [161], [165], [170], [181], [188], [194], [195], [208], [211], [240], [245], [246], [257], [272], [273], [275], [280], [287], [289], [294], [295], [297]
Nitric acid from air, [281]
Non-arcing metals, [184]
North Gorham (Me.) plant, [120]
Ogden (Utah) plant, [26], [27], [28], [118], [120], [132], [134], [208], [245]
Ohm’s law, [223]
Oil switches, [136]
Ontario Power Co., [121]
Operating expenses, [59]
Operation, cost of, [12], [77]
Operations, reliability of, [311]
Ouray (Col.) plant, [121]
Overhead line connection to underground, [197]
Overload capacity of generators, [103]
Ozone, [197]
Painting of poles, [255]
Paper insulated cables, [196]
vs. rubber insulation, [196]
Payette River (Idaho) plant, [73], [101]
Penstocks, [59], [98]
Phase, [113]
Pike’s Peak plant, [77]
Pilot wires, [161]
Pins, [259], [270]
and insulators, data from various plants, [280]
burning of, [270], [276], [278]
charring of, [276], [278]
composite, [281]
compressive strength of woods, [302]
design of, [298]
dimensions of, [301]
formula for diameter of, [299]
iron, [275], [285], [286]
expansion of, [290]
method of fastening insulators, [271]
method of fastening to cross-arms, [271]
metal, [271], [275], [282], [285], [286]
of uniform strength, [300], [302]
proportions, [301]
relative cost of metal and wooden, [284]
shank, [274]
shoulder, [275], [299], [305]
softening of threads, [280]
steel, [275], [312]
strain with ¹⁄₂-inch sleet and 100-mile wind for different spans, [324]
strains on, [270], [298]
strength of, [303]
table of standard, [301]
treatment of, [259], [275]
weakest point, [298]
wooden, data from various plants, [272]
dimensions of, [272]
dimensions of standard, [273]
Pipe-lines, [73]
Pittsfield (Mass.) plant, [121]
Pole line, cost of, [21]
lightning arresters, [179]
relative cost of, [20]
lines, [246]
Poles, cost, [310]
depth in ground, [254]
diameter of, [254]
dimensions of, [254]
guying of, [255]
iron, [284]
length of, [253], [309]
life of, [255]
setting of, [252]
spacing of, [249]
steel, cost of, [307]
treatment of, [255]
woods for, [252]
Porcelain vs. glass insulators, [288]
Portland (Me.) plant, [120], [166], [239]
Portsmouth, N. H. plant (steam), [102], [118], [119], [120], [121], [144], [194], [264], [294]
Power plant, relative cost of a. c. and d. c., [36]
transmitted, total cost of, [24]
Radiation loss in conduits, [198]
Railway crossing, [187], [252]
service, [164]
Red Bridge plant, [53], [60], [79], [93], [94], [96], [97], [99], [101], [102]
Regulation, [155], [239]
as effected by synchronous motors, [165]
at receiving end, [162]
hand, [161]
Regulator, automatic, [162]
constant-current, [167]
induction, [162]
Relay-switches, [145]
Resistance, [225]
in series with lightning arrester, [185]
Revolving armature alternators, [112]
field alternator, [112]
River crossings, [187], [190], [249]
Roof, distance from floor, [95]
Roofs, [95]
Rope-drive, [83]
Rotaries, cost of, [117]
suitable frequency for, [115]
Rubber-covered cables, [195]
maximum temperature, [198]
protection against ozone, [198]
Sag in lines, [309]
St. Hyacinthe (Que.) plant, [118]
St. Joseph plant, [66]
St. Maurice plant (Switzerland), [31]
Salem (N. C.) plant, [121], [122]
San Gabriel Cañon plant, [26], [27], [28], [208]
Santa Ana plant, [1], [26], [27], [28], [74], [76], [82], [83], [92], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [101], [102], [208], [245], [263], [280], [281], [294], [295], [296]
Sault Ste. Marie plant, [72], [83], [85], [89], [97], [102], [104], [105], [112], [113], [117], [118], [120], [127]
Scott system, [132]
Series distribution, [167]
machines, [41]
Sewall’s Falls plant, [26], [27], [28], [155]
Shawinigan Falls plant, [1], [70], [71], [107], [116], [117], [163], [164], [166], [209], [212], [213], [235], [236], [242], [245], [267], [272], [273], [280], [282], [294], [295], [296]
Sheaths for cables, [194]
Shunted air-gaps, [185]
Skin effect, [206], [232]
Snoqualmie Falls plant, [3], [4]
map of transmission lines, [4]
Snow, [293]
Soldered joints, [206]
Spacing of poles, [249]
of wire, [234]
Spans, long, [190], [250]
strains for different lengths, [324]
Sparking distances, [182]
voltages, [182]
Speed, peripheral, of impulse wheels, [108]
peripheral of turbines, [85], [103]
regulation, [38], [42]
d. c. motors, [38]
Spier Falls plant, [1], [2], [3], [54], [58], [61], [62], [68], [91], [94], [98], [124], [126], [127], [130], [141], [142], [146], [161], [174], [236], [237], [243], [244], [245], [250], [253], [266], [280], [285], [287], [289], [291], [294], [295], [296], [312]
Star connection, [131]
Static discharges, [170]
Steam and water-power station combined, [84]
electric plant, cost of labor, [12]
cost of operation, [12]
floor area per k. w., [102]
vs. water-power, [5]
Steel towers, [306]
Storage capacity, [15]
Strains on insulation as affected by resistance in series with arrester, [185]
Stray currents, protection against, [195]
Submarine cables, [187], [192], [194]
Sub-station, arrangement of apparatus, [128]
Sub-stations, [157], [237]
Surges, [136]
Switchboard, [156]
wiring, [146], [148], [149]
Switches, [135], [244]
arcing of, [135]
electrically operated, [140]
long break, [135]
oil, [136]
open-air, [136]
pneumatically operated, [140]
power operated, [138]
relay, [145]
Switch-houses, [141], [142], [238], [244]
Switching, [146]
high-tension, [147]
Synchronous converters, [115]
cost, [117]
motors, [165], [241]
Tail-race, [96]
Telephone, [161]
Telluride plant, [47], [160], [169], [181]
Temperature of cables, [198]
rise in conduits, [198]
Tensile strength of conductor metals, [201]
Time-limit circuit-breaker, [152]
Time relays, [152], [153]
Towers, [250], [306]
angle, [320]
cost, [310]
dimensions, [314]
erection of, [316-319]
heavy, [320]
reliability of operation, [311]
spans, [313]
steel, cost, [307], [308]
steel pins, [312]
strain on, [324]
Transformers, [122]
air-blast vs. water-cooled, [129]
artificially cooled, [129]
at sub-stations, [125]
blower capacity necessary to cool, [130]
constant-current, [167]
cooling, quantity of water necessary, [129]
cost, [21], [116], [124], [134]
cost of operation, [129]
cost of, relative, [20]
delta and star connections, [131]
efficiency, [133]
frequency, effect of, [116]
insulation, [45]
in transmission systems, [134]
limiting voltage for, [32]
location of, [97]
polyphase, [124]
regulation, [125]
reserve, [149]
secondary, in series, [131]
single-phase, [124]
two- to three-phase, [132]
used to compensate drop, [133]
used to regulate voltage, [162]
voltages, [45]
when to use, [122]
Transmission, constant-current, [38], [216]
constant-voltage, [40], [217]
continuous-current, [31], [32]
control equipment, [35]
cost of, [19], [40], [222]
(d. c.) cost of, [40]
efficiency, [35], [41]
first long line, [37]
frequency, [113]
generator end, [103]
lightning protection, [34]
limiting voltage, [44]
lines, arcing, [46]
calculation of, [221-232]
charging current, [197]
construction, [222]
cost, [310]
cross-arms, [49], [256]
crossings, [187], [190]
data from various plants, [245]
effect of length on cost, [20]
effect of length on cost of power, [24]
efficiency, [22], [24]
end strain at entries, [325]
entrance to buildings, [179], [261]
inductance, [206]
induction, [168]
insulation, [34]
insulators (see [Insulators]), [287]
insulator-pins (see [Pins]), [270]
interest, maintenance and depreciation, [22]
leakage, [47], [207], [214]
length of, capacity of, population supplied, [8]
lightning arresters (see [Lightning Arresters]), [179]
lightning protection, [118]
long spans, [190]
loss, [22], [39]
losses, [215]
maximum investment in, [220]
method of fastening conductors to insulators, [323]
operation, [311]
pole spacing, [249]
regulation with synchronous motors, [241]
relative weights of three-phase, two-phase, and single-phase, [228]
right-of-way, [246]
sag in, [309]
spacing of wire, [234]
steel towers (see [Towers]), [306]
switch-houses, [238]
switches, fuses, and circuit-breakers, [135]
take up, arrangement for, [325]
total cost of, [22]
total cost of operation, [23]
transposition of wires, [206], [314]
voltage, [21], [215]
in cables, [190]
regulation, [130]
wind pressure, [210]
long line, [221]
minimum-sized wire, [202]
physical limits of, [44]
a. c. pole line construction, [34]
d. c. pole line construction, [33]
pole lines, [246]
problems, [19]
regulation, [155], [239]
selection of circuits, [233]
single vs. parallel circuits, [241]
spacing of conductors, [46]
submarine, [187]
three-phase, [113]
three-phase and two-phase, [228]
two-phase, [113]
underground, [187]
without step-up transformers, [120]
Transposition of wires, [206]
Turbines, high-speed, [107]
horizontal, [79], [83], [89], [97]
impulse, [82], [90], [99]
speed of, [108]
low-head good speed, [105]
peripheral, speed of, [85], [103]
pressure, [79]
several on same shaft, [85], [105]
vertical, [79], [84], [85], [86], [97]
Underground cable connected to overhead line, [197]
cables, [187]
Victor (Colo.) plant, [26], [27], [28], [208]
Virginia City plant, [118]
Voltage drop compensation, [133]
fluctuations, [218]
high, alternators, [120]
measurements, [290]
in cables, [190], [196]
limiting, [44]
for a. c. machines, [32]
for d. c. machines, [31]
of transmission lines, [21], [215]
regulation, [130], [155]
sparking, [182]
test for insulators, [289]
Volts per mile, [26]
Wages paid attendants, [12]
Walls, [95]
Washington & Baltimore Ry., [121]
Washouts, [81]
Water-cooled transformers, [129]
Water-power, development of, [51]
high head, [74-77]
low head, [51-74]
per cent. of energy available, [16]
pure hydraulic development, [51]
stations (see [Hydro-electric Stations])
storage capacity, [15], [61]
utilization of, [10]
vs. steam, [5]
Water, storage of, [15], [61]
Weight of the conductor metals, [202]
Welland Canal plant, [1], [26], [27], [28], [208], [245], [248]
Westbrook (Me.) plant, [120]
White River to Dales plant, [26], [27], [28], [71], [134]
Wind, [324]
pressure on lines, [210]
Winooski River plant, [64]
Wire room, [139]
Wood, compressive strength of, [302]
Woods for poles, [252]
Yadkin River (N. C.) plant, [26], [27], [28], [118], [208]

INDEX.

Transcriber’s Notes