[60] Leader of the Parti Ouvrier Français.

[61] Leader of the Parti Ouvrier Socialiste Révolutionnaire.

[62] The illustration of the Place Maubert shows one of its humble latter-day distinctions. It is the market-place for the Mégotiers of the Quarter, gatherers of cigar and cigarette stubs, who carry canes with which to rake up these tobacco remnants.

[63] Michelet.

[64] Jules Vallès.

[65] Whence the word frondeur (captious), currently applied to the students to this day.

[66] La Harpe, the autocrat of the literary world, appeared before his class one day in a red Phrygian cap, and devoted a portion of his lecture-hour to declaiming revolutionary chansons.

[67] It would be superfluous to name their present habitués, since they are as yet too young to be famous.

[68] The accompanying illustration is a portrait sketch of the son of Felix Gras in his favourite seat at one of these cabarets, above which some artist has scrawled his caricature.

[69] The Grille and the Noctambules, the best-known café-concerts of the Quartier, are purely professional affairs. Their performers are not students, and students make up only a small part of their audiences.