Linotype mechanism

by Alvin Garfield Swank; Raymond Means

When calculating the amount of type contained in any piece of composed matter, it is measured up in ems, and this em, or unit, is the em of the body.

The square of each size of type is called the em of that body. Thus, the em of six-point is six points square; the em of eight-point is eight points square; and so on.

EMS TO RUNNING INCH

In estimating the amount of matter set, the following table of type measurement will be found useful. It shows the number of ems in a running inch, in columns from 10 to 30 picas wide, in seven different sizes of type. The figures across the top denote the width of page or column in picas, and the figures below denote the number of ems to the column inch in the various sizes designated in the column to the left.

WIDTH OF COLUMNS IN PICAS

	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
6 point	240	264	288	312	336	360	384	408	432	456	480
7 point	177	194	212	229	247	265	282	300	318	335	353
8 point	135	148	162	175	189	202	216	229	243	256	270
9 point	107	117	128	139	149	160	171	181	192	203	213
10 point	86	95	104	112	121	129	138	147	155	164	173
11 point	71	79	86	93	100	107	114	121	128	136	143
12 point	60	66	72	78	84	90	96	102	108	114	120

	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
6 point	504	528	552	576	600	624	648	672	696	720
7 point	371	388	406	424	441	459	477	494	512	529
8 point	283	297	310	324	337	351	364	378	391	405
9 point	224	235	246	256	267	277	288	299	309	320
10 point	181	190	199	207	216	225	233	242	250	259
11 point	150	157	164	171	178	185	192	200	207	214
12 point	126	132	138	144	150	156	162	168	174	180

TEST QUESTIONS

List No. I

1.	Describe the keyboard and magazine escapement action
		on models 5 and 8.
2.	How is the rubber roll taken out and cleaned? Why
		does the rubber roll shaft have a friction drive?
3.	How are the keyboard cam frames taken off?
4.	How are the keyboard cams cleaned and oiled?
5.	Describe how to take a keyboard off and clean it? Explain
		in detail.
6.	How is a single cam taken out on an old style keyboard
		cam yoke frame?
7.	How is a single cam taken out on the new style keyboard
		cam yoke frame?
8.	What should be done to the triggers before replacing
		the cam frame? Explain why.
9.	State the causes of more than one matrix dropping, or
		“running away.”
10.	What are the causes of matrices failing to respond to
		the touch of the keys?