There may be deformity and inability to move the injured part. Sometimes an abnormal projection is the first sign. If inflammation arises, apply cold applications. The only treatment a nurse may give is to keep the patient quiet and await skilled help.
SPRAINS.
There may be extreme pain, swelling, inflammation, discoloration, and inability to use the joint. Support and elevation of the limb is of the greatest importance. Use hot or cold applications to allay the inflammation and pain. Cover with a thin soft pad, and bandage evenly and firmly. A sprain should not be neglected, as it may cause future disease of the injured part.
For recent bruises cold applications are best. Give the patient complete rest, support and elevate the injured limb, apply cold or hot applications, and await skilled help.
BURNS AND SCALDS.
In severe cases the constitutional treatment is of more importance than the application of local remedies. If the patient is in shock wrap him in warm blankets, and give him stimulants. In superficial cases where the skin is not broken powder with bicarbonate of soda (baking soda). A ready domestic application is sweet oil. Exclude the air at all times. When vesicles have been produced they should be punctured with a sharp instrument, and the serum gently evacuated with absorbent cotton. Apply soothing ointments or wet dressings. In case of severe burns of the body immerse the patient in a warm bath, keeping it at even temperature. Separating a layer of common white cotton wadding, and wrapping it about the injured part will allay the pain, and the cotton has the advantage of not adhering to the raw surface. Splints and bandages should be employed to prevent contractions.
BURNS OF THE EYE.
For burns resulting from molten lead, strong alkalies, lime, or acids, flush freely with warm water or boric-acid solution, and anoint with pure vaselin or a few drops of castor oil. Do not rub the injured tissues. The applications should be made quickly and very gently. Put on cold compresses until medical aid arrives.
INJURIES TO THE EYE.
For surface injuries a drop of castor oil may be applied, and the eye kept closed for the day with a pad of wadding and a bandage.