The statements, not derived from the papers and other periodicals, letters, books, &c., published by slaveholders, have been furnished by individuals who have resided in slave states, many of whom are natives of those states, and have been slaveholders. The names, residences, &c. of the witnesses generally are given. A number of them, however, still reside in slave states;—to publish their names would be, in most cases, to make them the victims of popular fury.
New York, May 4, 1839.
NOTE.
The Executive Committee of the American Anti-Slavery Society, while tendering their grateful acknowledgments, in the name of American Abolitionists, and in behalf of the slave, to those who have furnished for this publication the result of their residence and travel in the slave states of this Union, announce their determination to publish, from time to time, as they may have the materials and the funds, TRACTS, containing well authenticated facts, testimony, personal narratives, &c. fully setting forth the condition of American slaves. In order that they may be furnished with the requisite materials, they invite all who have had personal knowledge of the condition of slaves in any of the states of this Union, to forward their testimony with their names and residences. To prevent imposition, it is indispensable that persons forwarding testimony, who are not personally known to any of the Executive Committee, or to the Secretaries or Editors of the American Anti-Slavery Society, should furnish references to some person or persons of respectability, with whom, if necessary, the Committee may communicate respecting the writer.
Facts and testimony respecting the condition of slaves, in all respects, are desired; their food, (kinds, quality, and quantity,) clothing, lodging, dwellings, hours of labor and rest, kinds of labor, with the mode of exaction, supervision, &c.—the number and time of meals each day, treatment when sick, regulations inspecting their social intercourse, marriage and domestic ties, the system of torture to which they are subjected, with its various modes; and in detail, their intellectual and moral condition. Great care should be observed in the statement of facts. Well-weighed testimony and well-authenticated facts; with a responsible name, the Committee earnestly desire and call for. Thousands of persons in the free states have ample knowledge on this subject, derived from their own observation in the midst of slavery. Will such hold their peace? That which maketh manifest is light; he who keepeth his candle under a bushel at such a time and in such a cause as this, forges fetters for himself, as well as for the slave. Let no one withhold his testimony because others have already testified to similar facts. The value of testimony is by no means to be measured by the novelty of the horrors which it describes. Corroborative testimony,—facts, similar to those established by the testimony of others,—is highly valuable. Who that can give it and has a heart of flesh, will refuse to the slave so small a boon?
Communications may be addressed to Theodore D. Weld, 143 Nassau-street, New York. New York, May, 1839.
CONTENTS.
- [INTRODUCTION.]
- [PERSONAL NARRATIVES—PART I.]
- [NARRATIVE of NEHEMIAH CAULKINS;]
- [North Carolina Slavery;]
- [Methodist preaching slavedriver, Galloway;]
- [Women at child-birth;]
- [Slaves at labor;]
- [Clothing of slaves;]
- [Allowance of provisions;]
- [Slave-fetters;]
- [Cruelties to slaves;]
- [Burying a slave alive;]
- [Licentiousness of Slave-holders;]
- [Rev. Thomas P. Hunt, with his "hands tied";]
- [Preachers cringe to slavery;]
- [Nakedness of slaves;]
- [Slave-huts;]
- [Means of subsistence for slaves;]
- [Slaves' prayer.]
- [NARRATIVE of REV. HORACE MOULTON;]
- [NARRATIVE of SARAH M. GRIMKÉ;]
- [Barbarous Treatment of slaves;]
- [Converted slave;]
- [Professor of religion, near death, tortured his slave for visiting his companion;]
- [Counterpart of James Williams' description of Larrimore's wife;]
- [Head of runaway slave on a pole;]
- [Governor of North Carolina left his sick slave to perish;]
- [Cruelty to Women slaves;]
- [Christian slave a martyr for Jesus.]
- [TESTIMONY of REV. JOHN GRAHAM;]
- [TESTIMONY of WILLIAM POE;]
- [PRIVATIONS OF THE SLAVES.]
- [FOOD;]
- [LABOR;]
- [CLOTHING;]
- [DWELLINGS;]
- [TREATMENT OF THE SICK.]
- [PERSONAL NARRATIVES, PART II.]
- [TESTIMONY of the REV. WILLIAM T. ALLAN;]
- [Woman delivered of a dead child, being whipped;]
- [Slaves shot by Helton;]
- [Cruelties to slaves;]
- [Whipping post;]
- [Assaults, and maimings;]
- [Murders;]
- [Puryear, "the Devil,";]
- [Overseers always armed;]
- [Licentiousness of Overseers;]
- ["Bend your backs";]
- [Mrs. H., a Presbyterian, desirous to cut Arthur Tappan's throat;]
- [Clothing, Huts, and Herding of slaves;]
- [Iron yokes with prongs;]
- [Marriage unknown among slaves;]
- [Presbyterian minister at Huntsville;]
- [Concubinage in Preacher's house;]
- [Slavery, the great wrong.]
- [NARRATIVE of WILLIAM LEFTWICH;]
- [TESTIMONY of LEMUEL SAPINGTON;]
- [TESTIMONY of MRS. LOWRY;]
- [a]Long, a professor of religion killed three men;]
- [a]Salt water applied to wounds to keep them from putrefaction.]
- [TESTIMONY of WILLIAM C. GILDERSLEEVE;]
- [a]Acts of cruelty.]
- [TESTIMONY of HIRAM WHITE;]
- [TESTIMONY of JOHN M. NELSON;]
- [TESTIMONY of ANGELINA GRIMKÉ WELD;]
- [House-servants;]
- [Slave-driving female professors of religion at Charleston, S.C.;]
- [Whipping women and prayer in the same room;]
- [Tread-mills;]
- [Slaveholding religion;]
- [Slave-driving mistress prayed for the divine blessing upon her whipping of an aged woman;]
- [Girl killed with impunity;]
- [Jewish law;]
- [Barbarities;]
- [Medical attendance upon slaves;]
- [Young man beaten to epilepsy and insanity;]
- [Mistresses flog their slaves;]
- [Blood-bought luxuries;]
- [Borrowing of slaves;]
- [Meals of slaves;]
- [All comfort of slaves disregarded;]
- [Severance of companion lovers;]
- [Separation of parents and children;]
- [Slave espionage;]
- [Sufferings of slaves;]
- [Horrors of slavery indescribable.]
- [TESTIMONY of CRUELTY INFLICTED UPON SLAVES;]
- [PUNISHMENTS;]
- [TORTURES OF SLAVES.]
- [Iron collars, chains, fetters, and hand-cuffs;]
- [Advertisements for fugitive slaves;]
- [Testimony;]
- [Iron head-frame;]
- [Chain coffles;]
- [Droves of 'human cattle';]
- [Washington, the National slave market;]
- [Testimony of James K. Paulding, Secretary of the Navy;]
- [Literary fraud and pretended prophecy by Mr. Paulding;]
- [Brandings, Maimings, and Gun-shot wounds;]
- [Witnesses and Testimony;]
- [Mr. Sevier, senator of the U.S.;]
- [Judge Hitchcock, of Mobile;]
- [Commendable fidelity to truth in the advertisements of slaveholders;]
- [Thomas Aylethorpe cut off a slave's ear, and sent it to Lewis Tappan;]
- [Advertisements for runaway slaves with their teeth mutilated;]
- [Excessive cruelty to slaves;]
- [Slaves burned alive;]
- [Mr. Turner, a slave-butcher;]
- [Slaves roasted and flogged;]
- [Cruelties common;]
- [Fugitive slaves;]
- [Slaves forced to eat tobacco worms;]
- [Baptist Christians escaping from slavery;]
- [Christian whipped for praying;]
- [James K. Paulding's testimony;]
- [Slave driven to death;]
- [Coroner's inquest on Harney's murdered female slave;]
- [Man-stealing encouraged by law;]
- [Trial for a murdered slave;]
- [Female slave whipped to death, and during the torture delivered of a dead infant;]
- [Slaves murdered;]
- [Slave driven to death;]
- [Slaves killed with impunity;]
- [George, a slave, chopped piece-meal, and burnt by Lilburn Lewis;]
- [Retributive justice in the awful death of Lilburn Lewis;]
- [Trial of Isham Lewis, a slave murderer.]
- [PERSONAL NARRATIVES.—PART III.]
- [NARRATIVE OF REV. FRANCIS HAWLEY;]
- [CLOTHING;]
- [WORK;]
- [TESTIMONY OF REUBEN C. MACY, AND RICHARD MACY.]
- [TESTIMONY OF REV. WILLIAM SCALES.]
- [TESTIMONY OF JOS. IDE.]
- [TESTIMONY OF REV. PHINEAS SMITH.]
- [TESTIMONY OF PHIL'N BLISS.]
- [Ignorance of northern citizens respecting slavery;]
- [Betting upon crops;]
- [Extent and cruelty of the punishment of slaves;]
- [Slaveholders excuse their cruelties by the example of Preachers, and professors of religion, and Northern citizens;]
- [Novel torture, eulogized by a professor of religion;]
- [Whips as common as the plough;]
- [Ladies use cowhides, with shovel and tongs.]
- [TESTIMONY OF REV. WM. A. CHAPIN.]
- [TESTIMONY OF T.M. MACY.]
- [TESTIMONY OF F.C. MACY.]
- [TESTIMONY OF A CLERGYMAN.]
- [CONDITION OF SLAVES.]
- [OBJECTIONS CONSIDERED:]
- [I. Such cruelties are incredible.]
- [Slaves deemed to be working animals, or merchandize; and called 'Stock,' 'Increase,' 'Breeders,' 'Drivers,' 'Property,' 'Human cattle';]
- [Testimony of Thomas Jefferson;]
- [Slaves worse treated than quadrupeds;]
- [Contrast between the usage of slaves and animals;]
- [Testimony;]
- [Northern incredulity discreditable to consistency;]
- [Religious persecutions;]
- [Recent 'Lynchings,' and Riots, in the United States;]
- [Many outrageous Felonies perpetrated with impunity;]
- [Large faith of the objectors who 'can't believe';]
- ['Doe faces,' and 'Dough faces';]
- [Slave-drivers acknowledge their own enormities;]
- [Slave plantations in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi 'second only to hell';]
- [Legislature of North Carolina;]
- [Incredulity discreditable to intelligence;]
- [Abuse of power in the state, and churches;]
- [Legal restraints;]
- [American slaveholders possess absolute power;]
- [Slaves deprived of the safe guards of law;]
- [Mutual aversion between the oppressor and the slave;]
- [Cruelty the product of arbitrary power;]
- [Testimony of Thomas Jefferson;]
- [Judge Tucker;]
- [Presbyterian Synod of South Carolina, and Georgia;]
- [General William H. Harrison;]
- [President Edwards;]
- [Montesquieu;]
- [Wilberforce;]
- [Whitbread;]
- [Characters.]
- [OBJECTION II.—"Slaveholders protest that they treat their slaves well."]
- [OBJECTION III.—"Slaveholders are proverbial for their kindness, and generosity."]
- [OBJECTION IV.—"Northern visitors at the south testify that the slaves are not cruelly treated."]
- [OBJECTION V.—"It is for the interest of the masters to treat their slaves well."]
- [OBJECTION VI.—"Slaves multiply; a proof that they are not inhumanly treated, and are in a comfortable condition."]
- [OBJECTION VII.—"Public opinion is a protection to the slave."]
- [Decision of the Supreme Court of North and South Carolina;]
- ['Protection of slaves';]
- [Mischievous effects of 'public opinion' concerning slavery;]
- [Laws of different states;]
- [Heart of slaveholders;]
- [Reasons for enacting the laws concerning cruelties to slaves;]
- ['Moderate correction';]
- [Hypocrisy and malignity of slave laws;]
- [Testimony of slaves excluded;]
- [Capital crimes for slaves;]
- ['Slaveholding brutality,' worse than that of Caligula;]
- [Public opinion destroys fundamental rights;]
- [Character of slaveholders' advertisements;]
- [Public opinion is diabolical;]
- [Brutal indecency;]
- [Murder of slaves by law;]
- [Judge Lawless;]
- [Slave-hunting;]
- [Health of slaves;]
- [Acclimation of slaves;]
- [Liberty of Slaves;]
- [Kidnapping of free citizens;]
- [Law of Louisiana;]
- [FRIENDS', memorial;]
- [Domestic slavery;]
- [Advertisements;]
- [Childhood, old age;]
- [Inhumanity;]
- [Butchering dead slaves;]
- [South Carolina Medical college;]
- [Charleston Medical Infirmary;]
- [Advertisements;]
- [Slave murders;]
- [John Randolph;]
- [Charleston slave auctions;]
- ['Never lose a day's work';]
- [Stocks;]
- [Slave-breeding;]
- [Lynch law;]
- [Slaves murdered;]
- [Slavery among Christians;]
- [Licentiousness encouraged by preachers;]
- ['Fine old preacher who dealt in slaves';]
- [Cruelty to slaves by professors of religion;]
- [Slave-breeding;]
- [Daniel O'Connell, and Andrew Stevenson;]
- [Virginia a negro raising menagerie;]
- [Legislature of Virginia;]
- [Colonization Society;]
- [Inter-state slave traffic;]
- [Battles in Congress;]
- [Duelling;]
- [Cock-fighting;]
- [Horse-racing;]
- [Ignorance of slaveholders;]
- ['Slaveholding civilization, and morality';]
- [Arkansas;]
- [Slave driving ruffians;]
- [Missouri;]
- [Alabama;]
- [Butcheries in Mississippi;]
- [Louisiana;]
- [Tennessee;]
- [Fatal Affray in Columbia;]
- [Presentment of the Grand Jury of Shelby County;]
- [Testimony of Bishop Smith of Kentucky.]
- [ATLANTIC SLAVEHOLDING REGION.]
INTRODUCTION.
Reader, you are empannelled as a juror to try a plain case and bring in an honest verdict. The question at issue is not one of law, but of facts—"What is the actual condition of the slaves in the United States?" A plainer case never went to a jury. Look at it. TWENTY-SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND PERSONS in this country, men, women, and children, are in SLAVERY. Is slavery, as a condition for human beings, good, bad, or indifferent? We submit the question without argument. You have common sense, and conscience, and a human heart;—pronounce upon it. You have a wife, or a husband, a child, a father, a mother, a brother or a sister—make the case your own, make it theirs, and bring in your verdict. The case of Human Rights against Slavery has been adjudicated in the court of conscience times innumerable. The same verdict has always been rendered—"Guilty;" the same sentence has always been pronounced, "Let it be accursed;" and human nature, with her million echoes, has rung it round the world in every language under heaven, "Let it be accursed. Let it be accursed." His heart is false to human nature, who will not say "Amen." There is not a man on earth who does not believe that slavery is a curse. Human beings may be inconsistent, but human nature is true to herself. She has uttered her testimony against slavery with a shriek ever since the monster was begotten; and till it perishes amidst the execrations of the universe, she will traverse the world on its track, dealing her bolts upon its head, and dashing against it her condemning brand. We repeat it, every man knows that slavery is a curse. Whoever denies this, his lips libel his heart. Try him; clank the chains in his ears, and tell him they are for him; give him an hour to prepare his wife and children for a life of slavery; bid him make haste and get ready their necks for the yoke, and their wrists for the coffle chains, then look at his pale lips and trembling knees, and you have nature's testimony against slavery.