The stem or growth line is comparatively absent, and the prevalence of the circle as a shape or in the arrangement of details is evident. Decoration displays more regard to profile than to variety of relief, which was practically uniform.
No. 238. Gothic Spandril. Carved Stone. Geometric basis obvious in central circle uniting angular shape with minor circular forms occupying angles.
The Byzantine influence is evident in the succeeding Romanesque.
Romanesque
Early Gothic detail, the closely curled foliage of which is suggestive of lobes though without serrations, is reminiscent of debased Roman tradition, evident also in the general shape and disposition of leaves in the capitals of columns. The floral ornament of the Middle or Decorated period, though freely adapted from natural types, shows traces at times of the earlier tradition in the treatment of lobed and serrated leaves.
Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance was not merely a revival of Classic architecture adapted to more modern conditions, but was in its earlier stages a frank reproduction of the Roman ornament in design and rendering. In later development in Italy and other parts of Europe it acquired local character differing materially from the original. Fresh elements were adopted and details originally significant were introduced for purely decorative reasons.