[505] The author of a Report referred to below admits that they had many detractors who were envious of their success.

[506] Seventeen Capuchins, eight Jesuits, seven Franciscans, and four Carmelites.

[507] In 1709 there were seven million reis in its treasury.

[508] Ensaio, iii, p. 149.

[509] The testoon was a coin of 100 reis, worth about 8d.

[510] The assumed value of the makuta was 50 reis; its actual value, in silver, only 30 reis. There were pieces of half makutas and of quarter makutas, popularly called paka.

[511] Zucchelli (p. xvii, § 11), tells us that when Luiz Cerar de Menezes returned to Rio, in 1701, he carried away with him 1,500,000 crusados (£200,000), realised in the slave trade.

[512] Ensaio, iii, p. xxxiv.

[513] Provincial Governors not appointed by the King, but elected by the local authorities or the troops.