CONTENTS
[ DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. ]
[ CHAPTER I. FROM CREATION TO EVOLUTION. ]
[ II. THEOLOGICAL TEACHINGS REGARDING THE ANIMALS AND MAN. ]
[ III. THEOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC THEORIES, OF AN EVOLUTION IN ANIMATED ]
[ IV. THE FINAL EFFORT OF THEOLOGY. ]
[ II. THE DELINEATION OF THE EARTH. ]
[ III. THE INHABITANTS OF THE EARTH. ]
[ IV. THE SIZE OF THE EARTH. ]
[ V. THE CHARACTER OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE. ]
[ I. THE OLD SACRED THEORY OF THE UNIVERSE. ]
[ II. THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY. ]
[ III. THE WAR UPON GALILEO. ]
[ IV. VICTORY OF THE CHURCH OVER GALILEO. ]
[ V. RESULTS OF THE VICTORY OVER GALILEO. ]
[ VI. THE RETREAT OF THE CHURCH AFTER ITS VICTORY OVER GALILEO. ]
[ CHAPTER IV. FROM "SIGNS AND WONDERS" TO LAW IN THE HEAVENS. ]
[ II. THEOLOGICAL EFFORTS TO CRUSH THE SCIENTIFIC VIEW. ]
[ III. THE INVASION OF SCEPTICISM. ]
[ IV. THEOLOGICAL EFFORTS AT COMPROMISE.—THE FINAL VICTORY OF SCIENCE. ]
[ CHAPTER V. FROM GENESIS TO GEOLOGY. ]
[ I. GROWTH OF THEOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS. ]
[ II. EFFORTS TO SUPPRESS THE SCIENTIFIC VIEW. ]
[ III. THE FIRST GREAT EFFORT AT COMPROMISE, BASED ON THE FLOOD OF NOAH. ]
[ IV. FINAL EFFORTS AT COMPROMISE.—THE VICTORY OF SCIENCE COMPLETE. ]
[ CHAPTER VI. THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN EGYPTOLOGY, AND ASSYRIOLOGY. ]
[ CHAPTER VII. THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN AND PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY ]
[ II. THE FLINT WEAPONS AND IMPLEMENTS. ]
[ CHAPTER VIII. THE "FALL OF MAN" AND ANTHROPOLOGY ]
[ CHAPTER IX. THE "FALL OF MAN" AND ETHNOLOGY. ]
[ CHAPTER X. THE "FALL OF MAN" AND HISTORY. ]
[ CHAPTER XI. FROM "THE PRINCE OF THE POWER OF THE AIR" TO METEOROLOGY ]
[ I. GROWTH OF A THEOLOGICAL THEORY. ]
[ II. DIABOLIC AGENCY IN STORMS. ]
[ III. THE AGENCY OF WITCHES. ]
[ IV. FRANKLIN'S LIGHTNING-ROD. ]
[ CHAPTER XII. FROM MAGIC TO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS. ]
[ CHAPTER XIII. FROM MIRACLES TO MEDICINE. ]
[ I. THE EARLY AND SACRED THEORIES OF DISEASE. ]
[ II. GROWTH OF LEGENDS OF HEALING. ]
[ III. THE MEDIAEVAL MIRACLES OF HEALING CHECK MEDICAL SCIENCE. ]
[ IV. THE ATTRIBUTION OF DISEASE TO SATANIC INFLUENCE. ]
[ V. THEOLOGICAL OPPOSITION TO ANATOMICAL STUDIES. ]
[ VI. NEW BEGINNINGS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE. ]
[ VII. THEOLOGICAL DISCOURAGEMENT OF MEDICINE. ]
[ VIII. FETICH CURES UNDER PROTESTANTISM.—THE ROYAL TOUCH. ]
[ IX. THE SCIENTIFIC STRUGGLE FOR ANATOMY. ]
[ X. THEOLOGICAL OPPOSITION TO INOCULATION, VACCINATION, AND THE USE OF ]
[ XI. FINAL BREAKING AWAY OF THE THEOLOGICAL THEORY IN MEDICINE. ]
[ CHAPTER XIV. FROM FETICH TO HYGIENE. ]
[ I. THE THEOLOGICAL VIEW OF EPIDEMICS AND SANITATION. ]
[ II. GRADUAL DECAY OF THEOLOGICAL VIEWS REGARDING SANITATION. ]
[ III. THE TRIUMPH OF SANITARY SCIENCE. ]
[ IV. THE RELATION OF SANITARY SCIENCE TO RELIGION. ]
[ CHAPTER XV. FROM "DEMONIACAL POSSESSION" TO INSANITY. ]
[ I. THEOLOGICAL IDEAS OF LUNACY AND ITS TREATMENT. ]
[ II. BEGINNINGS OF A HEALTHFUL SCEPTICISM. ]
[ III. THE FINAL STRUGGLE AND VICTORY OF SCIENCE.—PINEL AND TUKE. ]
[ CHAPTER XVI. FROM DIABOLISM TO HYSTERIA. ]
[ I. THE EPIDEMICS OF "POSSESSION." ]
[ II. BEGINNINGS OF HELPFUL SCEPTICISM. ]
[ III. THEOLOGICAL "RESTATEMENTS."—FINAL TRIUMPH OF THE SCIENTIFIC VIEW ]
[ CHAPTER XVII. FROM BABEL TO COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. ]
[ I. THE SACRED THEORY IN ITS FIRST FORM. ]
[ II. THE SACRED THEORY OF LANGUAGE IN ITS SECOND FORM. ]
[ III. BREAKING DOWN OF THE THEOLOGICAL VIEW. ]
[ IV. TRIUMPH OF THE NEW SCIENCE. ]
[ CHAPTER XVIII. FROM THE DEAD SEA LEGENDS TO COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY ]
[ I. THE GROWTH OF EXPLANATORY TRANSFORMATION MYTHS. ]
[ II. MEDIAEVAL GROWTH OF THE DEAD SEA LEGENDS. ]
[ III. POST-REFORMATION CULMINATION OF THE DEAD SEA LEGENDS.—BEGINNINGS ]
[ IV. THEOLOGICAL EFFORTS AT COMPROMISE.—TRIUMPH OF THE SCIENTIFIC VIEW. ]
[ CHAPTER XIX. FROM LEVITICUS TO POLITICAL ECONOMY ]
[ I. ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF HOSTILITY TO LOANS AT INTEREST. ]
[ II. RETREAT OF THE CHURCH, PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC. ]
[ CHAPTER XX. FROM THE DIVINE ORACLES TO THE HIGHER CRITICISM. ]
[ I. THE OLDER INTERPRETATION. ]
[ II. BEGINNINGS OF SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATION. ]
[ III. THE CONTINUED GROWTH OF SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATION. ]
DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
CHAPTER I.
FROM CREATION TO EVOLUTION.
I. The Visible Universe.
Ancient and medieval views regarding the manner of creation
Regarding the matter of creation
Regarding the time of creation
Regarding the date of creation
Regarding the Creator
Regarding light and darkness
Rise of the conception of an evolution: among the Chaldeans, the
Hebrews, the Greeks, the Romans
Its survival through the Middle Ages, despite the disfavour of
the Church
Its development in modern times.—The nebular hypothesis and its
struggle with theology
The idea of evolution at last victorious
Our sacred books themselves an illustration of its truth
The true reconciliation of Science and Theology
II. Theological Teachings regarding the Animals and Man.
Ancient and medieval representations of the creation of man
Literal acceptance of the book of Genesis by the Christian
fathers
By the Reformers
By modern theologians, Catholic and Protestant
Theological reasoning as to the divisions of the animal kingdom
The Physiologus, the Bestiaries, the Exempila
Beginnings of sceptical observation
Development of a scientific method in the study of Nature
Breaking down of the theological theory of creation
III. Theological and Scientific Theories of an Evolution in
Animated Nature.
Ideas of evolution among the ancients
In the early Church
In the medieval Church
Development of these ideas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth
centuries
The work of De Maillet
Of Linneus
Of Buffon
Contributions to the theory of evolution at the close of the
eighteenth century
The work of Treviranus and Lamarck
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Cuvier
Development of the theory up to the middle of the nineteenth
century
The contributions of Darwin and Wallace
The opposition of Agassiz
IV. The Final Effort of Theology.
Attacks on Darwin and his theories in England
In America
Formation of sacro-scientific organizations to combat the theory
of evolution
The attack in France
In Germany
Conversion of Lyell to the theory of evolution
The attack of Darwin's Descent of Man
Difference between this and the former attack
Hostility to Darwinism in America
Change in the tone of the controversy.—Attempts at compromise
Dying-out of opposition to evolution
Last outbursts of theological hostility
Final victory of evolution
CHAPTER II.
GEOGRAPHY
I. The Form of the Earth.
Primitive conception of the earth as flat
In Chaldea and Egypt
In Persia
Among the Hebrews
Evolution, among the Greeks, of the idea of its sphericity
Opposition of the early Church
Evolution of a sacred theory, drawn from the Bible
Its completion by Cosmas Indicopleustes
Its influence on Christian thought
Survival of the idea of the earth's sphericity—its acceptance by
Isidore and Bede
Its struggle and final victory
II. The Delineation of the Earth.
Belief of every ancient people that its own central place was the
centre of the earth
Hebrew conviction that the earth's centre was at Jerusalem
Acceptance of this view by Christianity
Influence of other Hebrew conceptions—Gog and Magog, the "four
winds," the waters "on an heap"
III. The Inhabitants of the Earth.
The idea of antipodes
Its opposition by the Christian Church—Gregory Nazianzen,
Lactantius, Basil, Ambrose, Augustine, Procopius of Gaza, Cosmas,
Isidore
Virgil of Salzburg's assertion of it in the eighth century
Its revival by William of Conches and Albert the Great in the
thirteenth
Surrender of it by Nicolas d'Oresme
Fate of Peter of Abano and Cecco d' Ascoli
Timidity of Pierre d'Ailly and Tostatus
Theological hindrance of Columbus
Pope Alexander VI's demarcation line
Cautious conservatism of Gregory Reysch
Magellan and the victory of science
IV. The Size of the Earth.
Scientific attempts at measuring the earth
The sacred solution of the problem
Fortunate influence of the blunder upon Columbus
V. The Character of the Earth's Surface.
Servetus and the charge of denying the fertility of Judea
Contrast between the theological and the religious spirit in
their effects on science