CHAPTER VIII
[THE ORIGIN OF TOTEM NAMES AND BELIEFS]
[Sacred animals in savage society]—[Proposed restriction of the use of the word 'totem']—[The word 'totem']—[The totem 'cult']—['Totem gods']—[Savage speculations as to the origin of totemism]—[Modern theories]—[Mr. Max Müller's theory]—[The theory of Mr. Herbert Spencer]—[Mr. Frazer's theories]—[Suggestion of Mr. N. W. Thomas]—[Dr. Wilken's theory]—[Miss Alice Fletcher's theory]—[Mr. Hill Tout's theory]—[Messrs. Hose and McDougall]—[Mr. Haddon's theory]—[An objection to all the theories enumerated]—[Statement of the problem]—[The author's own conjecture]—[The connection between groups and totems]—[No 'disease of language']—[Hypothetical early groups before totemism]—[How the groups got names]—[Illustration from folk-lore]—[How the names became known]—[Totemic and other group names. English and North American Indian]— [Theory that Siouan gentes names are of European origin]
CHAPTER IX
[How the origin of totem names was forgotten]—[Other sources of sacredness in plants and animals]—[Recapitulation]—[An objection answered]—[Other objections answered]—[Totems and magical societies]—[Totem survivals]—[Did the ancestors of the civilised races pass through the Australian stage?]
PRIMAL LAW
CHAPTER I
Mr. Darwin on the primitive relations of the sexes—Primitive man monogamous or polygamous—His jealousy—Expulsion of young males—The author's inferences as to the evolution of Primal Law—A customary rule of conduct evolved—Traces surviving in savage life—The customs of avoidance—Custom of exogamy arose in the animal stage—Brother and sister avoidance—The author's own observation of this custom in New Caledonia—Strangeness of such a custom among houseless nomads in Australia—Rapid decay under European influences