Magic and Religion

by Andrew Lang

[8] G. B. iii. 184.

[9] G. B. iii. 182.

[10] G. B. iii. 184.

---

INDEX
ADONIS. See Tammuz
Agathias (Byzantine poet), cited, [130]
Ahone (aboriginal N. American god), [20], [39]
Alatunjas (Arunta headmen), [101], [259], [260], [265], [267], [269]
Alcheringa (mythical heroic age, or period of fabulous ancestors,
of the Arunta), [15], [251], [253], [254]
Alcheringites (fabulous ancestors), [251], [252]
Algonquin deity, [39]
Alkna Buma (Arunta clairvoyant), and new-born babies, [262]
Amadhlozi (Zulu ancestral spirits), [227], [228]
Anahuac: human sacrifices, [193]
Anaitis (Persian love goddess), [119], [194]
Andamanese: religious beliefs, [231], [232]
Andouagni (aboriginal Canadian god), [10];
no form of prayer addressed to [10], [11], [12], [21], [89]
Anthropology, present-day neglect of its study, [7];
errors of the 'higher criticism,' [9];
gods not addressed in prayer, [10], [11];
conflicting evidence of race beliefs, [11];
coincidence of testimony, [12], [13].
See under names of tribes and gods
Argyllshire: superstition among women connected
with cup-marked rocks, [252], [254]
Arician grove of Diana, the, and its ghastly priest, [207] et seq.
Arthurian legend: the magical sword, [211]
Arunta (tribe of Central Australia), their theory of evolution of our
species and the nature of life, [15];
scope of their ideas, [16];
practice of magic, [46], [61], [62], [65];
magical rites to assist the processes of nature, [82], [83];
periods of licence, [193], [194], [196], [198];
totems, [250], [251], [252];
cited, [67], [68], [101], [259], [263], [264], [265] note, [266], [267]
Ashanti: licence at the harvest festival, [188], [189]
Asia Minor Greek cities: use of scapegoats in times of calamity, [190]
Astarte (Semitic goddess). See Ishtar
Atahocan (Huron deity), [42], [89], [238], [296], [297]
Athenæus, on the Sacæa, [119], [120], [121];
cited, [132], [185], [186], [195], [196]
Athenian festival of Cronos, [116], [117]
Athens: scapegoats killed in times of distress, [190]
Atholl, Earl of (pretender to royalty), mock crowning of, [203]
Atua (Samoan), tree of protection, [219]
Australian blacks: alleged endeavour to delay the course of the sun, [3];
religious ideas unborrowed, [44];
attention to the dead, [49];
Christian Deity identified by them with their own supreme beings, [49];
religious ideas vary according to fertility of soil, [50];
invent to please whites, [50], [51];
emergence of gods from ancestors, [51];
religious beliefs, [231], [232];
engraved churinga and rock paintings, [245] et seq.;
fire ceremony of, [271].
See also under tribal names
Aztecs: beliefs, [75]; human sacrifice at harvest festival, [127], [173], [300]
BABYLON: annual sacrifice of a criminal proxy king, [77];
hypothesis of that rite, [91], [101], [103], [106]
Backhouse, Mr. (Quaker), his 'Visit to Australian Colonies,' cited, [26]
Bagolos (tribe): human sacrifices, [129]
Baiame (Pei-a-mei, or Baiamai) (Australian moral creative being),
[25]-[32], [35], [36], [39], [40], [42], [43], [66], [67], [89], [226], [238], [297]
Balder (Scandinavian spirit), the Eddaic myth of, [213]-[217]
Ballima (Australian spiritual paradise), [36], [37]
Banjars (tribe): beat their king till the weather changes, [85]
Barabbas: a counterpart of the sacred Victim, [201], [303], [304]
Bau (Babylonian goddess), [137], [138]
Beiderbecke, Mr., on South African gods, [236], [237]
Beiruk, William (Australian black), on Bunjil, [34]
Benares: fire-walking, [290], [291]
Benedictine Mission at Nursia, [13]
Bernadette (seeress of Lourdes): fire-handling, [272]
Berosus, quoted, on the Sacæa, [119], [120], [142], [144], [185], [196]
Birds, wise, Australian and American myth of, [24]
Blackfoot Indians (N. America): religious ideas, [295]
Bluebeard: new version, [167]
Bobowissi (W. African deity), [39]
Bora (Australian initiatory mysteries), women excluded from, [30],
[58], [66], [71], [195]
Borrowed religion, [15] et seq., [295]
Boyma. See Baiame
Brahan warning to the Mackenzies, superstitious belief, [98]
Brebeuf, Father, on the Oki, [19], [42]
Brewin (Kurnai supreme being), [27], [49], [52], [53]
Brinton: etymology of the god Kiehtan, [20]
British Isles: fire-walking, [271]
Brough Smyth, Mr., cited, [41], [54]
Bryant's ark, [5]
Buckley (convict), on the Australian ideas of a god, [26]
Bulgaria, Nistinares of: fire-handling, [272], [283], [285], [286]
Bullimah (Australian paradise), [36]
Bull-roarers, (in savage mysteries), [65], [67], [71], [248], [255]
Bunjil (Australian god), [32], [34], [41], [66]
Bunyip (fabled Australian monster), [26]
CALICUT (Malabar): religious self-slaughter of the king, [98], [217]
Caligula and the priest of Diana, [209]
Callaway, Dr., on Zulu beliefs, [97], [225], [227], [228], [229], [231],
[232], [233], [234], [237], [238]
Calvary, [200] et seq.
Cambodia: temporary kings, [105]; period of licence, [187]
Cameron, Mr. A. L. P., on the tribes of New South Wales, [70]
Canadian aboriginal god, Andouagni, [10], [11], [12], [21], [89]
Carew, Mr., on fire-walking, [283]
Carnival, destruction of, at end of modern Roman festival, [110]
Catlin, on Mandan Mystery Play of the Flood, [23], [24]
Catullus, cited, [184]
Celebes, the: harvest customs, [267]
Cbaka (Zulu king), [97], [228], [229], [230]
Cheviots, the: cup and ring incised on boulders, [241]
Chinese vernal festival of fire, [270]
Chitome (Congo 'pontiff'), [133]
Christ: theories concerning, [76], [78], [79], [100], [106], [110], [200], [206]
Christian faith, origin of the, [76] et seq.
Churinga (Australian), wood or stone marked with circles, cups, &c.,
[244], [245], [246], [247], [248], [249], [251], [252], [253], [254], [255]
Churinga ilkinia, sacred rock-drawing of totem, [246], [249]
Coleridge, Hartley, cited, [31]
Collins, Mr. ('New South Wales'), on native use of word 'father,' [32]
Colquhomi, Dr., on fire-walking, [282]
Congo tribes, [61]; their pontiff not permitted to die a natural death,
[96], [133]
Craig, Dr. George: fire-walking, [275]
Craig, Dr. W.: fire-walking, [275]
Craigie, Mr. W. A., on the myth of Balder, [214]
Cranz (missionary), on Greenlanders' beliefs, [21], [87], [88]
Crawford, Mr. Lindsay, cited, [57] note
Crœsus, [129]
Cronos festival, the, [108], [109], [116], [117]
Crookes, Mr., cited, on fire-walking, [286]
Crookes, Sir William, cited, [289]
Crucifixion, a theory of the, [80], [103]
Crystal-gazing, [32]
Ctesias, on the Sacæa, [120]
Cumont, Professor Franz, on the legend of Dasius, [112];
on the Saturnalia, [113], [114], [115], [142];
cited, [183], [298], [300]
'Cup and ring:' a solution, [241] et seq.
Curr, Mr., on Australian native beliefs, [51]
DARAMULUN (Australian deity), [27], [66], [71]
Darwin, cited, [6]
Dasius, story of the martyrdom of, [79], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114],
[115], [121], [182], [185], [298], [301]
Davis, Mr. John Moore, on Australian native sacrifice of
the first-born, [54]
Dawson, Mr. ('Aborigines of Australia'), on native religious worship,
[33], [34]
Deputy gods, [39]
Devils, expulsion of, savage licence following, [187]
Diana, grove of (near Aricia): the golden bough in, [207] et seq.
Diana of the Chersonese, [208]
Dieri, the (Central Australian tribe): ancestral spirit
worship, [50], [56], [62], [63], [64]
Dio Chrysostom, on the festival of Sacæa, [79], [120] and note, [121], [132],
[147], [185], [186], [199], [302]
Divine scapegoats, [189] et seq.
Dodge, Colonel, on North American beliefs, [88], [89]
Donnelly, Mr. W. A., discovery of stones marked with cup and ring,
&c, [245], [246]
Dos Santos, on Caffre beliefs, [97] and note, [234], [235]
Druid: origin of the word, [215] note
Druid circles, [242]
Druids, gathering mistletoe, [215]
Dumbuck (Scotland): marked stones at, [245], [246], [253]
Dunbuie (Scotland): stones marked with rings at, [245]. [246], [247], [253]
Duncan. Hon. L. M.: fire-walking, [277]
Dyaks, their superstition regarding new-born children, [261]
EABANI (feast of), [164], [165], [166], [178], [180], [181]
Eddaic myth of Balder, [213]-[217]
Egyptian Book of the Dead, [72]; gods, tombs and mummies, [90];
King of Unreason, [105]; sacrifice of red-haired men, [128]
Ellis, Sir A. B., [13]; theory of borrowed gods, [42]; on Ashanti harvest
festival, [188]
Erech, Eabani feast at, [164], [165]
Esther, Book of, [147], [180]; theories concerning, [161]-[181]
Ethiopian kings of Meroe: worshipped as gods, killed by priests, [96]
Evolution of gods, [82] et seq.
Euhemerism, [90]
European influences on savage beliefs, [11]
Euthyphro, cited, [59], [60]
Everard, Mr. H. S. C, cited, [211]
Eyeos, sacrifice of king of, [98], [221]
Eyre, Mr., on the Australian blacks' idea of origin of creation, [40], [41]
Ezekiel, [151], [176]
FARWARDIGAN (Persian feast), [168], [169]
Fijian hymns, [72]; periods of licence, [195], [196], [198]; fire ceremony, [273],
[277]-[283], [288]
Fire-walking, [270] et seq.
First-born, eating the, [54]
First-fruits, [267] et seq.
Fisher's ghost, [54]
Fison, Mr. Lorimer, on the emerging of gods from ancestors, [50], [56]
Foelsche, Mr., on savage belief in a benevolent creator or demiurge, [57]
note, [58]
Frazer, Mr. J. G., theories of: comparative study of human beliefs
and institutions, [6], [7];
religion the despair of magic, [10], [60];
magic preceded the invention of god [47];
limited definition of religion, [48], [59];
the Australians who practise magic have little or no religion, [49]-[52];
on the Jewish Passover, [53]; its Australian parallel, [53], [54];
speculative generalisations, [55];
arbitrary selection of witnesses, [55]-[58];
ascription of wrong beliefs to the Arunta, [61];
inadvertent proof that irreligious Australians are religious, [62]-[65];
invented powerful beings, [68];
religion, the conciliation of higher powers by prayer and sacrifice, [69];
shooting stars, [74]; imported religious ideas, [75];
origin of the belief in the divinity of Christ, [76]-[78];
use of the legend of Dasius, [79], [109]-[115];
mental prepossession on the Crucifixion, [80];
double pairs of divinised human beings, [82];
alleged mortality of gods, [85]-[94];
religious regicide, [94]-[100];
annual religious regicide, [101]-[104];
mock kings, [103] et seq.;
persons who suffer for god-man kings, [104]-[107];
survivals of human sacrifice at the Saturnalia, [109]-[115];
modern Carnival, [110], [111];
the Greek Cronia, [115]-[118];
the Sacæa, [118]-[122];
again mock kings, [120], [121], [123];
attempts to prove the Sacæan criminal divine, [123]-[140];
sacrifice by hanging, [127]-[132];
date of the Sacæa, [135]-[138]; the
Sacæan victim, [138];
analogies of Zakmuk, Sacæa, and Purim, [141]-[160];
human victims at Purim, [153];
connection of Mordecai, Esther, Vashti, and Haman with Babylonian
and Elamite gods, [161];
the ride of the beardless Persian buffoon, [168], [171], [301]-[305];
festivals of licence, [185]-[199];
divine scapegoat, [189];
Calvary, [200]-[204];
the ghastly priest of the grove of Diana, [206]-[223];
the Quiteva, [234]; taboo, [268]; fire-walking, [270]
Fuegian idea on flapper shooting, [267]
GASON, Mr., on the beliefs of the Dieri, [56], [57]
note; on Mara Mura, [62], [63]
German theory of Purim, [147]
Georgia, stone-markings in, [243]
Ghost-worship, [31]
Gilgamesh and Eabani, legend of, [164], [165], [180], [181]
Gillen. See Spencer and Gillen
Gingero, king of: killed by kinsmen if wounded in war, [96]
Gods, the evolution of, [82] et seq.
Goethe, and native Australian beliefs, [35]
Gold Coast: savage period of licence, [186]
Goodwin, Mr.: fire-walking, [275]
Gorten, Mr.: fire-walking, [292]
Gounja Ticquoa (Hottentot supreme deity), [232]
Greek religious beliefs paralleled with those of savage races, [38];
graves of gods, [90], [93]
Greenlanders: religious beliefs, [87], [88]
Greenway, Mr., on the derivation of Baiame, [25]; [44]
Greyhair: Zulu superstition concerning, [97]
Grogoragally (Aust. son of god), [36], [37], [39]
Gudgeon, Colonel: the Te Umuti, or fire-walking, [273], [274], [276], [285]
Günther, Mr., cited, [44]
Guyaquar Indians, human sacrifices by, when sowing, [127]
HADDON, Mr.: New Guinea art, [249]
Haggard, Colonel Andrew, on fire-walking, [284], [285]
Haggard, Mr. Rider, cited, [228]
Hale, Mr. Horace, on the Australian god Baiame, [25], [27], [28], [29];
on Koin, [27]; cited, [43]
Hall, Mr. S. C.: fire-handling, [276]
Haman: theories concerning, [134], [161]-[181]
Haman (Elamite deity), [78]
Hanging, sacrifice by, [77], [78], [80], [127] et seq., [138], [148], [153],
[175], [177], [178], [189], [195], [197], [199]
Hartland, Mr., quoted, on savage ideas of superior beings, [35], [36];

prayers for the dead, [36];
censure of Mr. Manning's terminology, [36];
origin of belief in a supreme being, [224];
on Zulu beliefs, [227], [229], [232], [233], [234]
Hastwell, Mr.: fire-walking, [287]
Hays of Errol, their mistletoe life-token, [216] note
Hearn, Mr. Lafcadio, on fire-walking, [284]
Heitsi Eibib (Hottentot superior being), [90]
Hennessy, Mr. Pope, quoted, [58]
Henry, Miss Teuira: fire-walking, [287]
Heraldry, [260]
Heriot, cited, on the Virginian Creator, [22]
Herodotus, cited, [149]
Hesychius, on the Sacæa, [121]
Hindoo Koosh: harvest licence, [187]
Hippolytus, legend of, [209], [218]
Hirpi of Soracte, the, [271]; fire-walking, [289]
Hobamok (son of the god Kiehtan), [38], [39]
Hocken, Dr. T. M., on fire-walking, [273], [276], [277]-[283], [285], [293], [294]
Home, D. D., fire-handling by, [272], [276]
Honolulu: fire-walking, [292]
Horses of Virbius, [139]
Hos (N.-E. Indian tribe): feast of licence, [187]
Hottentot religious beliefs, [231], [232]
How (Tongan elective king), [86]
Howitt, Mr. A. W., on the Australian god Baiame, [25], [31], [32], [34];
the Kurnai goblin Brewin, [27];
initiated by the Kurnai, [52];
change of views on Brewin, [53];
on the attributes of native great spirits, [66];
cited, [12], [39], [40], [41], [43], [44]
Humman (Elamite deity), [139], [156], [157], [158], [159], [161], [166], [169], [172],
[173]-[181], [189]
IBN BATUTA: travellers' tales, [99];
Javan family deputed to die for the Sultan, [99]
Images, clay or waxen, as vicarious objects of revenge, [3]
India: fire-walking, [286]
Indo-China: offering of first-fruits to a god, [267]
Ireland: late superstition in, [109];
incised patterns on stones, [253]
Iruntarinia (evil spirits), inimical through new-born children, [262], [264]
Isaacs, Mr., quoted, on Zulu superstitions, [97]
Ishtar (goddess), [125], [157], [164], [175], [177], [178], [179]
Islamite suggestions of a God to savage races, [11]
JASTROW, Professor, on mental prepossession, [80];
Babylonian gods, [91];
the Tammuz feast, [136], [137];
the Zakmuk, [142];
the Book of Esther, [162];
the Purim, [162];
cited, [157], [166], [178], [179];
Java: self-slaughter of kings and their substitutes, [99]
Jensen, Dr., on the feast of Purim, [150], [151], [152], [159], [162], [164], [165],
[166], [172], [173], [176], [177], [179]
Jesuits, credited with suggesting the idea of a great spirit to savage
races, [23];
cited, [42], [45]
Jevons, Mr.,
on taboo, [259], [260], [261], [268]
Jewish Passover, the, theory of, [53]
Jews: hanging a mock-king at the Purim festival, [78];
condemned criminals representing life and death of vegetation, [78]
Jinn, the, [91]
Johnson, Dr., cited, [263]
KALARI (Australian bull-roarer.) [71]
Kalk (Kallak): Australian bull-roarer, [71]
Kalunga (African god), [237]
Kamchatka: religious beliefs, [226]
Kamilaroi (Australian tribe): religious beliefs, [28], [29], [31], [43], [66]
Karunga (African god), [236], [237]
Khonds: human sacrifices, [129]
Kibanga (Upper Congo): king killed by sorcerers when dying, [96]
Kiehtan (New England god), [20], [21], [38], [39], [90]
Kingsley, Miss Mary, cited, [12], [42], [45]
Kitchi Manitou (North American Indian great spirit), [18]
Kittanitowit (Algonquin great living spirit), [20]
Koin (Australian supernatural black man), [27]
Kolb (missionary), cited, [232]
Kudulu (African tribe): human sacrifices, [129]
Kuenen, Professor, cited, [147]
Kurnai (Australian tribe), [32];
initiate Mr. Howitt in the mysteries, [52], [53]; [67]
LAFITAU, Père, on the Manitou and Okki, [18], [19]
L'Allemant, Père, on the Virginian creator, [22]
Lagarde. Professor, on Persian feasts, [168], [169], [171], [302]
Lagos: animal and human sacrifices, [128]
Le Jeune, Father, on the meaning of Manitou, [18];
the Algonquin god, [21], [23]; cited, [42], [297]
Licence, periods of, at ancient and savage festivals, [185]-[199]
Lionetti (Italian conjurer), fire-handling experiments, [283]
Lithuanian beer custom, [266]
Livingstone, Dr., on Kaffir beliefs, [232]
Livy, on the Saturnalia, [108]
Loan-gods (or borrowed religion), theory of, [17] et seq.
Lucian, on the Saturnalia, [108]
Lyall, Sir Alfred, [55];
on the foundation of natural religion, [59], [60];
speculative generalisation, [74];
quoted, [198], [220]
Lydian kings as sacrifices, [129]
MACDONALD, Mr., quoted, [235] note, [236]
Mackenzie, Captain, on fire-walking, [270]
Macrobius, on the Saturnalia, [108], [111], [120] note, [205]
Magic, or witchcraft, [3], [10], [16]; [46] et seq. See under tribal names
Magophonia (Persian feast), [119], [149], [168]
Makogo (Wathi Wathi tribesman), on the future life, [72]
Mandan Deluge legend, the, [23], [24], [25]
Man-gods, [84], [93], [94], [95], [96], [99], [104], [138], [192]
Manitou, meaning of the word, [18];
superior being, [296]
Manning, Mr., on early religious beliefs in New South Wales, [35];
his terminology in question, [35], [36], [37];
on exclusion of women from religious knowledge, [39];
rebuffed by natives in his inquiries, [42];
on taboo, [261]
Marduk (Babylonian god), [92], [137], [138], [139], [142], [149], [156], [157], [158],
[159], [161], [164], [165], [166], [171], [175], [176], [177], [178], [179], [180], [181], [189]
Marimos: human sacrifices, [129]
Mariner, on Tongan beliefs, [86]
Matthews, Mr., cited, [57] note
Masai (African tribe), [12]
Mauritius: fire-walking, [284]
Maximilian, Prince, on Mandan beliefs, [24]
Maxwell, Sir Herbert, on trout and May flies, [266]
Mbenga (Fiji): fire-walking, [276], [277], [279]
Meath, portable engraved stones at, [253]
Medicine-men, [33], [100]
Meissner, Herr, on the Zakmuk and Sacæa festivals, [118], [142]
Merodach. See Marduk
Mexicans: human sacrifices at stages of the maize's growth, [128]; [184]
Meyer ('Hist of Antiq.'), quoted, [118]
Millar, Mr., quoted, on the Dunbuie finds, [247], [248]
Mistletoe: a magical plant, [212], [213], [214], [215], [216], [217], [221]
Mithra-worship, [114]
Moab: sacrifice of sons of kings, [105]
Mock-kings, sacrifices of, [79], [94], [105], [110], [114], [119], [120], [131], [134], [131],
[137], [153], [169], [178], [181], [182]-[185], [196], [197], [199]
Mœsia: mock-king personating a god, [79]; sacrifice of kings, [103];
the killing of Dasius at the Saturnalia, [109], [112]; cited, [114], [115],
[121], [183], [185]
Moffat, Mr., on Kaffir beliefs, [232]
Molunga, Mulungu (Caffre god), [234], [235], [236]
Mommsen, Prof. Aug., on the Cronos feast, [116]
Montagnets (North American Indians), their application of the word
Manitou, [18]
Moodgeegally (patron of the mysteries), [67]
Moravian missionaries on Baiame, [25]
Mordecai (companion of Nehemiah), [161], [171]
Mordecai (Babylonian supreme god?), [78];
theories concerning, [134], [135], [161]-[181]
Morgan, Mr., compiler of Buckley's 'Life and Adventures,' [26]
Morimo (Bechuana deity), [232], [237]
Mortality of gods, [85] et seq.
Motagon (Australian dead creator), [297]
Movers, Dr., on the Sacasa festival, [130], [174];
cited, [198]
Mukuru (African deity), the missionaries' God, [236]
Mulkari (Queensland deity), [40]
Müller, K. O., cited, [180]
Mundari (tribe): licence at festivals, [187]
Mungan-ngaur (Kurnai god), [27], [32], [52], [53], [66], [68], [89]
Munro, Dr., on the incised stone finds at Dumbuck and Dunbuie,
[255], [256]
Mura Mura (Dierian ancestors deified), [50], [57] note, [62], [63], [235]
Murrings (Australian blacks), [52]
Mystery Play of the Flood (Mandan), [23]
Myths. See under names of tribes and gods
Mzima (spirits of the dead), [236]
NANGA (Fijian harvest festival), orgies at, [195]
Ná-pi (Blackfoot deity), [90]
Natos (Blackfoot deity), [295]
Nature's processes assisted by magical rites, [82], [83]
Nebuchadnezzar, [140]
Nepaul: period of licence, [187]
New England: the god Kiehtan, [20], [21]; religious beliefs, [38]
New Guinea, British: character of decorative art, [249]
New South Wales: native sacrifice of the first-born, [54]
New Zealand: the king's mana or magical power, [99]
Ngoio (Congo): daily kings, [104]
Niscaminou (Red Indian deity), [295]
Nöldeke, Professor, on the feast of Purim, [158], [159], [160], [161], [162], [172],
[176], [177], [179]
Noorele (Australian creator), [39], [40], [41], [66]
North American Indians, religious beliefs of, [88], [89].
See also under tribal names
Nursia (Australia) Benedictine Mission at, [12]
Nyankupon (West Africa), [39]
OHIO, stone markings in, [243]
Ointment used by fire-walkers, [293]
Okeus (aboriginal Canadian god), [20], [21], [90]
Oki (Huron word for spirit), [19], [21], [22], [42]
Okki (Lafitau's 'Grand Esprit'), [19]
'Old Mars' (Roman god and scapegoat), [190]
Omuambo creation tales, [237]
Ontake Jinsha (Shintoists): fire-walking, [291]
Oorooma (native Australian hell), [37]
Oppert, Dr.: fire-walking, [286]
Orestes, story of his temple to Diana, [208], [209], [218]
Otyiherero: different names for god and spirit, [236]
Ovaherero, the (African tribe), god of, [236]
Oxford University, and the study of anthropology, [7]
PALMER, Mr., on the tribes of the Gulf of Carpentaria, [42], [44];
cited, [74]
Pan, legend of, [91]
Parker, Mrs. Langloh, on unborrowed character of Australian
beliefs, [34], [35], [36];
prayers for the dead, [36];
cited, [297]
Parmentier, M., on the Saturnalia, [113] note, [114]; on the Sacæa, [118];
cited, [183], [301]
Pascal, Dr. Th.: fire-walking, [290]
Patterns, incised, on portable small stones, [253]
Pausanias, quoted, [209]
Pei-a-mei. See Baiame
Period of Licence, the, [105] et seq.
Persia: annual sacrifice of a criminal proxy king, [77];
ride of the beardless buffoon, [167], [168], [169], [171], [301]-[305]
Philippine Islanders: religious beliefs, [90]
Phurdigan (Persian feast), [149]
Pin-sticking of enemy's image, [3]
Pirnmeheal (Australian god), [34], [66]
Pliny, [108]; on the Druids, [215], [216]
Podmore, Mr., on fire-handling, [272]
Polynesia: tattooing, [243]; taboo, [259]
Ponder, Mr. Stephen: fire-walking in Straits Settlements, [286]
Pondo: period of licence, [188], [195]
Priest, the ghastly, of the Arician grove of Diana, [207] et seq.
Proserpine (goddess), [208], [211], [212]
Prussian king, 'God's mouth,' self-immolation, [98], [130]
Puluga (Andamanese god), [224], [226]
Purdaghân (Persian festival), [189]
Purim (Jewish festival): date, origin,
rites, details, theories, conjectures,
analogies, [77], [118], [119], [124], [141], [142], [145]-[160], [161], [162], [163], [168],
[169], [176]-[181], [188], [189], [194], [198], [202]
QUEENSLAND deity, Mulkari, [40]
Quilacare (Southern India): self-slaughter of the king, [98]
Quiteva, the (Sofala deity), [97] note, [234]
RAIATEA (Society Islands): fire-walking, [273], [274], [277], [287]
Rain-making magic, [62], [63], [64], [65]
Rarotonga (New Zealand): fire-walking, [273]-[276]
Regicide, religious, [94], [100]
Red Indian beliefs, [295]
Religious beliefs of barbaric races.
See under tribal names and gods
Ride of the beardless buffoon, [301]-[305]
Ridley, Mr. (missionary), on the Australian god Baiame, [25], [29], [30];
on native ideas of great spirits, [66], [67];
cited, [44], [238]
Romans: customs at the Saturnalia, [108] et seq.
Ross, Mr. Denison, cited, [143], [145]
Roth, Dr., quoted, on the Queensland god Mulkari, [40]
SACÆ (Oriental tribe), [118], [119], [143], [194]
Sacæa (Persian festival), date, origin, rites, theories,
details, analogies, [77], [79], [80], [81], [106], [114], [117], [118],
[119], [122], [123], [124], [126], [127], [130],
[131], [132], [134], [135], [136], [138], [139],
[141], [144], [145]-[160], [163], [164], [169],
[170], [172], [176]-[199], [201], [202], [203],
[223], [301]-[305]
St. Clair, Mr. Henry R.: fire-walking, [286]
St. Dasius, martyrdom. See Dasius
St. Paul, cited, [201]
Sakeas. See Sacæa
Salvado, Bishop, cited,

[297]
Samoan trees of refuge for criminals, [219], [220], [222]
Sandes, Sandan (Persian deity), [130]
Saturn, [108], [139], [183], [184]
Saturnalia (Roman festival), rites, details, theories and analogies
concerning, [79], [108], [109], [110], [183], [184], [195]
Sayce, Mr., cited, [133], [147]
Scapegoats, [189] et seq
Schischmanof, Dr.: Bulgarian fire-handling, [285]
Science and superstition: definition, [1] et seq.
Scotland: incised patterns on rocks and stones, [253], [254]
Sementini, Dr.: fire-handling, [283]
Servius (early commentator on Virgil), on the golden bough in
the grove of Diana. [207], [208], [209]
Shaw, quoted, [232]
Shooting stars, Wathi Wathi interpretation of, [73], [74]
Siam: temporary kings, [105]
Siebert, Mr. (German missionary), on ancestral gods, [50], [56], [63]
Simpson, Sir James, on the cup and ring, [242], [243], [244], [245], [246]
Sioux: human sacrifices for magical purposes, [128]
Skidi (Wolf Pawnees): animal and human sacrifices, [128]
Slate spear-heads, [247]
Smith, Captain ('History of Virginia'), on Okki, [19]
Smith, Mr. Robertson, cited, [133], [134], [136], [137], [138], [142]
Sofalese (Caffre tribe), their king-god, [97]
South African religions, [224] et seq.
See under tribal names South Sea Islanders and Captain Cook, [94]
Spain: fire-walking, [285]
Spartans: lame kings, [98]
Spencer, Mr. Herbert, cited, [6], [35]
Spencer and Gillen, Messrs., cited, [15], [67], [86], [193], [194] note, [244], [245],
[246], [248], [259], [260], [265]
Statius, on the Arician grove, [209]
Stevenson, R. L., on tapu in the Pacific Islands, [268]
Stirling, Dr., cited, [62]
Stokes, Mr.: fire-walking, [286]
Stones carved with cup and rings, universality of, [242] et seq.
Strabo, on the Sacæa festival, [119]-[120];
cited, [149], [185], [186], [194], [195], [271]
Strachey, William (successor of Captain Smith in Virginia), on the
position of Okeus, [20]
Straits Settlements: fire-walking, [286], [287]
Strannam (Gaelic), tundun, bull-roarer, [255]
Suetonius, on the 'ghastly priest,' [209]
Superstition, definition of, [2] et seq.
Superstitions. See under names of tribes, gods, and authorities
Sweden: ancient treatment of king in times of public distress, [85];
cake-eating, [266]
Sword, the magical, [211]
TABOO, [257] et seq.
Tagore: fire-walking, [290]
Tá-li-y-Tooboo (Tongan supreme being), [86]
Tammuz (Babylonian god of vegetation), theories concerning, [123]-[127],
[133]-[139], [141], [143], [144], [149], [151], [152], [153], [155], [157], [159], [160],
[161], [164], [172], [176]-[180], [183], [189], [192]
Ta-ta-thi (New South Wales tribe), [70], [71]
Te Umu-ti (Maori), or fire-walking ceremony, [273]-[276]
Thargelia (Athenian festival): scapegoats, [190]
Tha-tha-pali (Watha Watha deity), [70], [73], [74]
Thevet, M., on the Canadian Indians' belief in a 'creator,' [21]
Thomson, Mr. Basil: fire-walking, [288]
Threlkeld, Mr., on the Australian god Koin, [27];
translation of the Gospel of St. Luke, [27];
first worker at the dialects of the Baiame-worshipping
tribes, [27], [29];
cited, [43], [44], [45]
Thuremlin (superior being), [71]
Thurston, Lady, her experiment in fire-walking, [278]
Ti-ra-wá (Pawnee deity), [89], [128]
Tokio (Japan): fire-walking, [284]
Tone, Mr. N. J.: fire-walking, [287]
Tonga: the How religious function, [268]; fire-walking, [287]
Tongan religious beliefs, [86]
Tonquin: period of licence, [187], [188], [195], [196]
Torngarsuk (Greenlanders' great spirit), [21], [87]
Totems, [246], [249]-[251], [264], [265], [266], [289]
Traditions. See under names of tribes, gods, and authorities
Tree spirits, [210] et seq.
regear, Mr., on fire-walking, [273]
Trinidad (W. Indies): fire-walking, [286]
Tshi-speaking races, [42]
Tsui Goab (idealised Hottentot medicine man), [232]
Tulong (deity), [70], [71]
Tundun (patron of Kurnai mysteries and bull-roarer), [66], [67], [68]
Turner, Mr., quoted, on Polynesian tree sanctuaries, [219]
Turramulan, Taramuhin (Australian god), [31]
Twanyirika (Arunta great spirit), [65], [66], [67], [68], [71], [263], [264]
Tylor, Mr.: on the Canadian deity Andouagni, [16];
modification of his views on primitive culture, [17];
the high gods of low races, [18];
the Great Spirit or Manitou of the North American Indians, [18];
the word Oki, [19]; summary of Winslow, [20];
the Greenlanders' Torngarsuk, [21];
attribution of the idea of the great spirit to missionary
influence, [22];
Mandan Deluge legend, [23], [24];
Australian god Baiame, [25]-[32];
ideas of European importation, [51];
native Australian beliefs, [75];
Greenlanders' beliefs, [87], [88] note;
Zulu beliefs, [226];
fire-walking, [271];
theory of borrowed gods, [295]
UBEBE (Zulu native), on his race's beliefs, [230], [231]
Ukoto (Zulu native), on his race's beliefs, [228], [229]
Ulangeni (Zulu native): repudiates idea of borrowed
Hottentot deity, [231], [232]
Umdabuko (Zulu creator), [229], [230]
Umdali (Kaffir creator), [232]
Umhlanga (Zulu), bed of reeds whence man sprung, [230]
Umpengula Mbandi (Zulu native), on native beliefs, [228], [229],
[230], [232], [238]
Umvelingangi (Zulu deity), [225], [228]
Unkulunkulu (Zulu deity), [89], [226], [227], [228], [229], [230], [231],
[233], [235], [236], [238]
Unyoro, the king of: not allowed by his wives a natural death, [96]
Upolu (Samoan Islands): sacred tree asylums for criminals, [219]
Urabunna (tribe of Central Australia), [16]
Urkus (savage tribe), [58]
Uthlanga (Zulu source of being), [230]
Utikxo (Zulu deity), [231], [232], [233], [234], [235], [230], [238]
VASHTI, theories concerning, [78], [161], [171], [175], [177], [178], [180]
Vave (Samoan god), [219]
Vegetation, gods of, [5], [206] et seq.
Virbius (deity of vegetation), [139]
Virgil, his golden bough, [207] et seq.
Virginia: aborigines' chief god Okki, [19]
Volsunga Saga: the magical sword, [207], [211]
WAITZ, Dr.: on Australian religious customs, [30];
rejects the hypothesis of Australian borrowed beliefs, [43], [44];
quoted, [232]
Walking through fire, [270] et seq.
Wallace, Sir William: mock crowning, [203]
Warramunga (Australian tribe): sacred rock-drawing, [246]
Wathi Wathi (New South Wales tribe),
religious beliefs, [70], [72], [74]
Way of Souls, the, [72], [73]
Wellhausen, Dr.: on the Jewish exile, [181]
West Africa, taboo in, [259];
human sacrifices, [128]
Wilson, Professor Daniel, on cups and rings, [243], [244]
Winslow, quoted, on Kiehtan (New England native deity), [20], [38]
Wiraijuri (Australian tribe), beliefs of, [66]
Witchcraft. See Magic
Woiworung dirge, a, [41]
Women debarred from the mysteries, [27], [33], [52], [71]
XERXES (the king in Book of Esther), [148], [161], [167]
YERRUNTHALLY (Queensland tribe): idea of shooting stars, [74]
Ynglinga Saga, the, [214]
ZAGMUK, Zakmuk (Babylonian festival), details and theories concerning,
[118], [137], [141]-[144], [145]-[160], [162], [163], [164], [165], [179], [181], [301]
Zeus, grave of, [90], [93]; [157]
Zoganes (Babylonian slave-lord), theories concerning, [124], [125], [130],
[139], [185], [186], [195], [196], [197], [198]
Zulus: ghost worshippers, [31];
religious beliefs, [97];
period of licence, [188], [195];
harvest custom, [267].
See under tribal names