The World of Homer

by Andrew Lang

[1] R. G. E. p. 165.

[2] As has been said, I am aware of no evidence for this statement.

[3] R. G. E. p. 164.

[4] R. G. E. p. 163.

[5] See Motherwell's essay on "The Origin and History of Scottish Ballad Literature," in his Ancient and Modern Minstrelsy.

[6] Further Essays on the Border Ballads. By Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. Fitzwilliam Elliot. 1910.

---

INDEX
(Figures in italics signify notes, r.—referred to)
Abantes of Euboea, [14], [143].
Abrahams, Miss E., cited on early Greek female costume, [87], [89], [90], [92].
Achaean culture, quality of, [3]-[4], [7];
architecture, [42];
Homeric Epics the fruit of, [221];
Northern character of, [262] et sqq.
Achaeans, the, [2];
probable conquests of, in Greece and Crete, [10]-[2], [13]-[4], [16];
character of their invasion, [33];
domestic life of, [37], [41]-[4];
siege operations of, [47];
in battle, [52]-[4];
not under a vow during siege of Troy, [132].
Achaeus, [139].
Achilles, mutiny of, [24]-[5];
shield of, [29];
Wrath of, [35], [195], [202], [246]-[7];
love of, for his mother, [36], [239], [247]-[8];
relations of, with Agamemnon, [38], [54], [122], [123], [131], [195],
[234], [235], [237]-[43], [247];
relations of, with Hector, [45]-[6], [277], [279];
and Patroclus, [45], [54], [105], [111], [123], [236], [239]-[42], [244], [248]-[9];
merciful qualities of, [46], [47], [265];
vengeance of, on Achaeans, [54], [235]-[43];
quoted on death, [106];
cult of, [126];
tradition of, and Thersites, [133], [180]-[1];
Homeric tradition and characterisation of, [167], [168], [169], [246]-[50];
tradition of, in Cypria, [190], [209], [211];
spear of, [205], [209];
tradition of, in Aethiopis, [212]-[4];
in Iliou Persis, [217];
armour of, [225], [244]-[5];
meeting of, and Aeneas, [251]; r., [18], [28], [30], [98], [132], [163], [193].
Acusilaus, [173].
Adrastus, [17], [126], [158].
Aegean culture, [2];
arrival of, in Thessaly, [11];
recollection of, in Homeric days, [20], [33];
architecture, [42];
armour and weapons, [48]-[9], [60]-[1];
iron not used for weapons in, [96];
vases, [97]; jewellery, [99];
burial customs, [106]-[7];
traces of hero-worship in, (?) [113];
religion, [116], [117];
gold cups of Vaphio, [132].
Aegeus, legends of, [175].
Aegina, relics found in, [145]-[6].
Aegisthus, warned by the gods, [37], [123].
Aeneas, represents the "Orleans branch" at Troy, [17], [251];
prominence of, in Iliou Persis, [216];
protected by Apollo, [232].
Aepytus, grave of, [109].
Aeschylus, mentions purification by swine's blood, [29], [134]-[45];
traditions used by, [188], [270]; r., [37], [39].
Aethra, un-Homeric traditions of, [155], [214]-[6].
Agamemnon, the Over Lord, [15];
character of, [24], [248], [250];
relations of, with Achilles, [24]-[5], [38], [54], [95], [122], [123], [131],
[234], [235], [237]-[43], [247];
brings home Cassandra, [43];
ferocity of, [46], [51]-[2], [265];
proclaims purification, [133];
Ionian hostility to, [160];
un-Homeric traditions of, [142], [190], [192], [195], [202], [208], [210], [279];
his camp wall, [227]-[30];
arming of, [251]; r., [102], [127], [230].
Agrios, late story of, [180]-[1].
Aias, quoted on blood-price, [29];
shield and armour of, [31], [70]-[1];
relations of, with Hector, [46], [53], [54]. [185], [238];
Ionian partiality for, [160], [189], [202];
reference to, in Quintus Smyrnaeus, [192];
cult of, [213];
suicide of, [163], [216].
Aietes, legends of, [165], [167], [174]-[5], [177];
land of, variously located, [178]-[9].
Alcinous, [42], [43].
Allen, T. W., 197, 201, [258]-[9], [284].
Althaea, [34], [36], [169].
Amphimachus, [184], [185].
Andromache, [34], [36], [45].
Antenor, [43], [161].
Antinous, shooting of, [101]-[2].
Antiope, [174].
Aphrodite, intrigues of, [43], [122];
her scratched hand, [86], [90]-[1], [232]-[3];
relations of, with Paris and Helen, [205]-[7]; r., [211].
Apollo, at siege of Troy, [47], [54];
omniscient, [125];
temple of, at Delphi, [130];
purification of, [133], [268];
defrauded, [102].
Apollonius Rhodius, [20], [179].
Archery, [49] 50, [53], [55].
Arctinus, [200], [212], [215].
Areithous, tomb of, [109].
Ares, Hymn to, [27];
character of, [28];
and Aphrodite, [40];
speared by Athene, [232], [233];
doings of, perplexing, [251].
Argo, voyage of the, [164]-[5], [178]-[9].
Ariadne, [88]; dress of, in art, 94, [95];
and the Theseus legend, [154], [150], [212].
Aristarchus, [281].
Aristeia of Idomeneus, [251].
Aristotle, cited on the poetic quality of the Iliad, [201]-[202]; r., [281].
Armour and Weapons, the Homeric, [48]-[9], [60]-[1], [65]-[80].
Art. See Aegean.
Artemis, representations of, [115];
Homeric conception of, [115]-[6];
Orthia, rites of, [117];
of Brauron, resemblance of, to Nemesis of Rhamnus, [207];
connection between, and sacrifice of Iphigeneia, [210].
Arthurian Romances referred to, [10], [12], [21], [24], [164], [182].
Asa, cremation of, [108].
Asius, [17], [231].
Astyanax, murder of, [46], [216].
Athamas, legends of, [164]-[165].
Athene, guides the arrow of Pandarus, [76];
costume of, in art, [83], [89]-[90];
visits Nestor, [128]-[9];
temples of, [130]-[1];
patroness of Troy, [124];
jealous, [162], [205]-[6];
offended with the Achaeans, [216];
gift of, to Diomedes, [232]-[3];
abets the Trojans, [238];
doings of, perplexing, [251];
r., [36], [43], [121], [136].
Athenian Recension, the alleged, [270]-[1], [273], [274]-[6], [280], [282], [284], [287]-[8].
Athenians, genealogy of, according to Pausanias, [137]-[40];
difference between, and Achaeans, [141];
preferred Ionian traditions, [202]. See Attica.
Athens, would-be refuge of Achaean princes, [139], [160].
Atridae, the, [189], [190], [191], [193], [195], [208].
Attica, had no part in Achaean history, [23], [141]-[2];
potters of, [146]; gold workers, [147];
legends and traditions of, [154]-[6], [157], [158]-[60], [202].
Auge, grave of, [109].
"Auld Maitland," criticism on, criticised, [293]-[4].
Bannockburn, battle of, cited, [57].
Bellerophon, [17], [18], [161], [167], [168]-[9], [171], [173], [176].
Beowulf, cited, [37], [105]-[6], [163], [203], [253], [267].
Bérard, M., on the use of iron in early days, [98];
on the topography of the Catalogue, [257]-[8].
Bethe, Dr. Erich, his attempt to trace "tribal history," [183]-[5].
Bird Myths, [157].
Bitter Withy, The, Ballad of, [121].
Blind Harry, his Wallace, cited, [203], [290].
Blood-price, the, [29].
Bounos, [174], [175].
Brauronia, the, [117].
Bride-price, custom of, [38]-[40].
Briseis, Wrath of Achilles over, [195]. [235], [242], [246]-[7]; r., [36],
Britain, method of war in early, [48].
Bronze Age, the [3]-[4], [5], [107]; the overlap, [96]-[104].
Brus, the, [203].
Brynhild, [34].
Burial, methods of, in Minoan Age, [3];
in Homeric Age, [4], [108]-[12];
in Dipylon Age, [5];
cremation recorded throughout the Iliad, [105]-[6];
Aegean methods, [106]-[7];
Jewish, [107]-[8];
in Attic art, [147].
Calchas, prophecy of, [208]-[9];
timidity, of, [210], [279].
Calydonian Boar, Hunt of, [163], [166].
Carians, the, [12], 13, [17];
civilisation and intermarriages of, [143]-[4].
Cassandra, [43].
Castor, un-Homeric legends of, [207]-[8], [215].
Catalogue of the Ships, [14]-[5], [16], [218]-[9], [257]-[9], [289].
Cauer, Herr, cited on uses of bronze and iron, [97], [98].
Cerberus, [136].
Chansons de Geste, cited, [10], [13], [21], [24], [26], [163], [182], [253], [255], [261];
Chanson de Roland, [36], [203], [253], [254], [291]; Chancun de Willame, La, [80], [255].
Chariots, uses of, in Homeric war, [51], [52], [54]-[6], [58], [59], [69]-[70], [80].
Charlemagne, romances of, [10], [12], [24], [26], [164], [166], [182].
Chaucer, [35], [36].
Cheiron the Centaur, [205].
Chimaera, the, [169], [267].
Chitons, tearing of, [47];
controversy over period and style of [60]-[5];
worn by women, [90], [91].
See also under Costume.
Chlaina. See Costume.
Chryseis, [129], [210], [211].
Chryses, [129], [130].
Cicero, cited on the connection between Pisistratus and the Homeric poems, [282].
Circe, story of her birth, [177];
home of, variously located, [178]-[9]; r., [42], [182].
Cleisthenes, [126].
Clemens Alexandrinus, [173].
Clytaemnestra, [30];
frailty of, [35], [123];
reputed foster-mother of Iphigeneia, [210].
Cnossos, palace of, [12], [16], [31], [101], [148].
Codrids, the, [23].
Colophon, horsemen of, [56].
Corinth, legendary conncction of, with Argo, [173]-[6].
Corinthus, [174], [175].
Costume, "Late Minoan," [2];
Homeric, [4];
Third and Fourth Ages, [5];
men's, [60]-[5], [68], [75];
women's, [61], [74], [81]-[95].
Cremation. See under Burial.
Crete, Minoan art in, [2], [20];
Achaean settlement in, [12];
the "true Cretans," [13];
a dependency of Greek mainland, [15], [16];
prehistoric, [272]-[3].
Cyclic Poems, the, different in character and style from Homeric poems, [6]-[9],
[46], [111], [133], [143], [150], [163], [168], [169]-[70], [187], [218]-[21], [263], [268];
attitude of, towards Over Lord, [26]-[7];
(Little Iliad, [66], [202], [214]-[5], [219]);
reference in, to sons of Theseus, [154];
pretensions of, [160];
story of Thersites in, [181]-[2]
(Cypria, the, analysis of, [188]-[93], [198]-[212];
date uncertain [195]-[6], [269], [272];
the Catalogue, [258]-[9]);
what the poems are, [197];
date of material and treatment, ?, [198], [199];
writers of, mere imitators, [200];
the Aethiopis, [212]-[4], [219];
the Iliou Persis, [215]-[7], [219];
relation of, and Homeric Poems according to Mr. Murray, [218]-[21], [289]-[91];

not expurgated, [269], [270];
legends of, preferred as subjects of art, [274];
were they recited at Athens?, [288].
Cyclops, the, [18].
Cymri, wars of, [164].
Cypassis. See Costume.
Cypria. See Cyclic Poems.
Cyprus, Phoenicians in, [20].
Danaans, the, [51].
Dawkins, R. M., cited on Greek early female costume, [85], [87], [88], 90, [94].
Deidameia, [209].
Deiphobus carried out of the fight, [231].
Demeter, Hymn to, [117];
mention of, in Odyssey, [118];
mysteries of, [267].
Demodocus, songs of, [30], [38], [124];
his tale of the Wooden Horse, [215]-[6].
Demophon, [154], [215].
Dictys Cretensis, anti-Homeric traditions accepted by, [9], [190]-[3],
[195], [196], [209], [211], [217].
Dieuchidas, cited on connection of Solon and Homer, [281].
Diogenes Laertius cited on Solon and the Athenian recitations, [282], [283], [287].
Diomede, promises a sacrifice to Athene, [129];
Ionian hostility to, [160];
takes up the feud of Thersites, [180]-[1], [213];
genealogy of, [181];
conflicting traditions of, [190], [191], [193], [195], [231]-[3];
the exchange of shields, [252]; r., [15], [18], [46], [52], [158], [238].
Dione, cited on the wounding of Hades, [136].
Dionysus, traditions and rites of, [118]-[9];
Homer's contempt for, [120]; r., [231], [232], [267].
Dipylon culture, characteristics of, [4]-[5], [147];
female costume, [81]-[5];
view of, as to future life, [111].
Dolon, [230].
Dümmler, Ferdinand cited on Hector's connection with Boeotia, [183].
Eëtion, buried in his armour, [47], [112], [248], [265].
Egypt, relations between, and Crete, [3];
known to Homer, [18]-[9].
Eleusis, Mysteries of, [117], [120], [133], [275].
Elpenor, burial of, [106], [112].
Ephorus, [281], [282], [283].
Ephyre, Eumelian tradition of, [171], [174]-[5].
Epicaste, [34].
Epicharmus attacks the character of Odysseus, [188]-[9].
Epopeus, [174], [175].
Erechtheus, worship of, [117], [214];
marriage of his daughter, [139];
tradition of, according to Euripides, [285]-[6].
Eriphyle, [34].
Eris, [205].
Eteocles, [31], [158], [159].
Eumaeus, kidnapped by Phoenicians, [19], [30];
belts his chiton, [62];
piety of, [124]; r., [32], [103].
Eumelus, methods and reputed works of, [170]-[9], [187], [219], [273].
Euphorbus, his corslet, [73], [74]-[5];
would have mutilated Menelaus, [265].
Euripides, cited on the fate of Hector, [46];
his version of the Tale of Thebes, [158];
of Theseus, [158]-[9];
of Odysseus, [188];
of Palamedes, [192]-[3];
of Ephigeneia, [211];
of Polyxena, [217];
his Erechtheus, [286]; r., [138].
Eurycleia, [129].
Eurypylus, [163], [209], [241].
Eurytus, his bow, [49]; urn, [110].
Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica, quoted on the quality of
Homeric religion, [133]-[4].
Evans, Arthur, cited on the François Vase, [8];
on Homeric mention of bronze and iron, [99];
on burial customs, [107];
and on the Mycenaean sun-god, [114].
Fairies, Homeric, [132].
Farnell, G. S., cited on Homer's Artemis, [116].
Fibulae, [2], [4], [6], [64], [65], [84], [86]-[7], [91]-[3], [145], [148].
Fitz-Alan Stewarts, fabulous genealogy of, [139], [140].
Four Ages:
First (Aegean or Minoan), [2]-[3], [7].
Second (Homeric), [3]-[4], [6]-[7].
Third (Dipylon), [4]-[5], [7].
Fourth (Proto-Historic), [5], [6].
Games, periodical, not known in Homerian times, [30].
Geography, confusion of early mythical, [179].
Gezer, excavations at, [99].
Ghost-worship ignored by Homer, [110], [117].
Glam, burning of, [266], [267].
Glaucus, his encounter with Diomede, [231]-[3];
tells the tale of Bellerophon, [161], [171]; r., [13], [17], [18], [46].
Golden Ram, search for the fleece of, [165].
Gold work in Attica, [147].
Gorgias, [188].
Greece, influence of Minoan culture in, [3];
probable conquests in, by Achaeans, [10], [11], [12];
relation of, to Crete, [15]-[6];
relations between, and Egypt, [19];
language or languages of prehistoric, [151]-[3];
legendary history of, [168];
prominent vices of, [189].
Grettir, [266], [267].
Grote, George, cited on Attica and the ancient epic poets of Greece, [154];
cited on Athenian version of the Tale of Thebes, [158];
uses Achacan legends, [182];
his discovery of apparent discrepancies in conncction with
Achilles, [234], [237]-[8], [239]-[43];
on the Solonian laws, [270];
Mr. Verrall on, [284].
Gunnar, [266].
Hades, wounding of, [136].
Haghia Triada, seal impressions of, [63], [73], [79].
Hall, H. R., cited on Phoenician commerce, [19].
Hallstatt, cemetery of, [96].
Hammurabi, Laws of, [39].
Harrison, Miss Jane E., cited, [275].
Hector, relations of, with Helen, [35], [36];
relations of, with Achilles, [45]-[6], [111], [120], [235], [241], [264]-[5], [277];
and Patroclus, [45], [108], [265];
relations of, with Aias, [46], [185], [238];
his prowess in battle, [51]-[4];
reputed connection of, with Boeotia, [183]-[6];
offers Polyxena to Achilles, [217]; r., [43], [112], [212].
Helbig, Herr, cited on different uses of bronze and iron, [97], [98], [100];
cited on Homeric cremation, [107];
cited on anti-Minoan stories, [156].
Helen, has been in Egypt, [18];
occupations of, [30], [33];
immortal charm of, [34]-[5];
blamed by the Trojan women, [35], [37];
and Paris, [35], [206]-[7];
un-Homeric traditions of, [190], [214]-[5];
parentage of, according to Cypria, [206];
reputed to be mother of Iphigeneia, [210]; r., [36].
Helios, [174], [177], [179].
Helle, legends of, [163]-[4].
Hellen, sons of, [139] 140.
Hephaestus, demands the return of the bride-price, [37]-[8];
domestic misfortunes of, [122];
and spear and armour of Achilles, [205], [244].
Hera, Homeric description of, [36], [43], [121];
her peplos, [93];
jealousy of, [122], [162], [205]-[6];
favours the Argo, [178];
in battle, [232].
Heracles, a bowman, [49];
feud of, with Neleus, [135]-[6], [168];
Homeric tradition of, [162];
presumed older poem on, [172]; r., [161].
Hermione (daughter of Helen), [35].
Herodotus, cited on changes in Athenian female costume, [90];
on purification by blood, [134];
cited on the origin of the Ionians, [138], [142], [143];
cited on Pelasgian speech, [151]-[2];
on body-snatching, [183];
on relations of Cypria and Iliad, [200];
r., [119], [281].
Hero-worship, in historic Greece, [125]-[6];
un-Homeric, [127];
few traces of, in early Northern literature, [266], [267].
Hesiod, on uses of bronze and iron, [103];
his myth of Cronos, [116]; his view of Minos, [156];
legends known to, [168]-[9];
school of, [170];
in agreement with Homer on birth of Circe and Aietes, [177];
geography of, [178],179;
non-Homeric stratum of his poetry, [272], [273], [274]-[5];
r., [22], [159].
Heyne, C. G., cited, [240], [241].
Hill-Tout, Mr., cited on use of corslets and shields, [80].
Hipparchus, alleged founder of Homeric recitations
at Athens, [270]-[1], [283], [286]-[7].
Hippemolgoi, the, [18].
Hippias, [271].
Hippolochus mutilated, [265].
Hipponax, [63].
Hogarth, David George, excavations of, [148];
cited on Ionian civilisation, [149].
Hogg, James, part of "Auld Maitland" speculatively assigned to, [293]-[4].
Homer, reality of Homeric civilisation, [1]-[2], [3]-[4], [5]-[9];
epoch of his heroes indefinite, [10];
omits mention of Achacan conquests in Crete, [10]-[11], [12];
his account of Crete in Odyssey, [13];
and attitude towards Asians, [13], [17]-[8];
his view of the dependency of Crete, [15]-[6];
ignores Ionian traditions, [10], [158], [187], [218], [221];
ancestry, [20];
his system of land tenure, [21]-[4], [26]-[7];
a lover of peace, [28]-[9];
purification by swine's blood unknown to, [29]-[30], [129], [133], [135], [198];
interested in the "folk," [31]-[2];
in touch with Aegean culture, [33];
his chivalrous treatment of women, [34]-[7];
on family life and morality, [41]-[4];
customs of, war and weapons, [45]-[50];
his tactics, [51]-[5];
criticism of his battles, [56]-[9];
on men's dress and armour, [60]-[79];
female costume, [81]-[95];
his age one of "overlap," [96], [104];
cremation and cairn-burial, [105]-[12];
religion and ethics of, [107], [110], [111], [115]-[7], [120]-[7], [128];
makes scanty mention of temples, [130]-[1];
not superstitious, [132]-[3];
his conception of the Ionians, [137], [142]-[3];
ignorant of the Theseus myth, [155];
his view of Minos, [155]-[6];
individuality of his minor characters, [161];
his knowledge of "Sagas" and Märchen, [161]-[3];
and treatment of material, [163]-[71];
did not borrow from Eumelus, [172], [174], [177]-[9];
his story of Bellerophon, [176];
in accord with Hesiod on parentage of Circe, [177];
geographical knowledge of, not extensive, [179];
his casual mention of Thersites, [180]-[2];
cult of heroes unknown to, [185], [194];
his tradition of Odysseus, [188]-[9], [190];
Palamedes apparently unknown to, [190], [193], [198];
disagreement of critics over authenticity of his works, [200]-[8];
his characterisation of Achilles, [246]-[50];
of Agamemnon, [250];
perfection of form in his poetry, [254]-[5];
only one mention of writing in, [261];
rejects all märchenhaft, [264];
ferocity in, not expurgated, [264]-[5];
did not sing for "groundlings," [277];
reputed connection of Pisistratus with his poems, [281], [286];
effect of, on the Athenians [286].
Hoplites, [55], [56].
Horse, the Wooden, [47], [163], [215]-[6].
Hypsipyle is loved by Jason, [96], [179].
Idas, [207], [208].
Idomeneus of Cnossos, [14];
prowess of, [15], [53];
his Achaean descent, [16];
his trophies, [47];
his genealogy, [156].
Iliad, manner of, Achaean, [12], [221];
the Catalogue, [13]-[7];
tenure of property in, [22];
treatment of women in, [35], [36];
domestic relations, [43];
account of battle in, [51]-[4];
untouched by Ionian hands, [59], [150];
false passage in, [103];
cremation customary in, [105];
other funeral rites, [112];
Dionysus, [118]-[9];
Ionians once mentioned in, [138];
geographical knowledge not extensive in, [179], [198];
character of Odysseus, [188];
no mention of Palamedes, [194], [195];
later or earlier than the Cypria?, [195]-[6], [200];
asserted not to be the work of one man, [201];
Aristotle's criticism of, [201]-[2];
tradition of Castor and Polydeuces in, [208];
material possibly obtained from, for the Cypria, [211]-[2];
multiplex authorship of, a foregone conclusion with sundry critics, [223]-[4];
Miss Stawell on, [244]-[6], [244];
Verrall on, [226]-[8], [245];
Leaf, [230], [231], [233], [241], [244];
Grote, [234]-[43];
ferocity prevalent in, [265];
Mr. Murray considers the body of, to be Ionian, [271]-[3];
author's general conclusions on, [246]-[50];
possibly alien passages in, [250]-[1];
who were the purgers?, [263].
Iliad, the Little. See Cyclic Poems.
Imbrios, mutilated, [265].
Infanticide, female, [40], [44].
Ino, ill-treats her step-children, [34], [164]; r., [127].
Ion, descent of, [139]; buried in Attica, [140].
Ionian, civilisation, different from Homeric, [6]-[9], [144], [148]-[9];
—colonists apparently unknown to Homer, [12];
—land tenure in early settlements, [23];