S (see the left-hand side of [fig. 1162.]), is the moving shaft, of wrought iron, resting on the two ends of the frame, S′ (see the right-hand side), is a toothed wheel, mounted exteriorly to the frame, upon the end of the shaft S. S′′ (near S′), are two equal elbows, in the same direction, and in the same plane, as the shaft S, opposite to the swords M, M, of the lay.
Z, is the loose, and Z′, the fast pulley, or riggers, which receive motion from the steam-shaft of the factory, Z′′, a small fly-wheel, to regulate the movements of the main shaft of the loom.
T, is the shaft of the eccentric tappets, cams, or wipers, which press the treddle levers alternately up and down; on its right end is mounted T′, a toothed wheel in geer with the wheel S′, of one half its diameter. T′′, is a cleft clamping collar, which serves to support the shaft T.
U, is a lever, which turns round the bolt u, as well as the click h′′. U′, is the click of traction, for turning round the cloth beam, jointed to the upper extremity of the lever U; its tooth u′, catches in the teeth of the ratchet wheel H′′. u′′, is a long slender rod, fixed to one of the swords of the lay M, serving to push the lower end of the lever U, when the lay retires towards the heddle leaves.
X, is a wrought-iron shaft, extending from the one shuttle-box to the other, supported at its ends by the bearings x, x.
Y, is a bearing, affixed exteriorly to the frame, against which the spring bar Z, rests, near its top, but is fixed to the frame at its bottom. The spring falls into a notch in the bar Y, and is thereby held at a distance from the upright A, as long as the band is upon the loose pulley z′; but when the spring bar is disengaged, it falls towards A, and carries the band upon the fast pulley z, so as to put the loom in geer with the steam-shaft of the factory.
Weaving, by this powerful machine, consists of four operations: 1. to shed the warp by means of the heddle leaves, actuated by the tappet wheels upon the axis Q′, the rods k, k′, the cross-bar E, and the eyes of the heddle leaves I, I′; 2. to throw the shuttle (see [fig. 1161.]), by means of the whip lever P′′, the driver cord p, and the pecker o; 3. to drive home the weft by the batten N, N′; 4. to unwind the chain from the warp beam, and to draw it progressively forwards, and wind the finished web upon the cloth beam H, by the click and toothed wheel mechanism at the right-hand side of the frame. For more minute details, the reader may consult The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain, vol. ii. p. 291.
WEFT (Trame, Fr.; Eintrag, Germ.); is the name of the yarns or threads which run from selvage to selvage in a web.
WELD (Vouëde, Fr.; Wau, Gelbkraut, Germ.); is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows all over Europe, called by botanists Reseda luteola. The stems and the leaves dye yellow; and among the dyes of organic nature, they rank next to the Persian berry for the beauty and fastness of colour. The whole plant is cropped when in seed, at which period its dyeing power is greatest; and after being simply dried, is brought into the market.