[ZAFFRE] — [ZEDOARY] — [ZIMOME] — [ZINC] — [ZIRCON] — [ZIRCONIA]
Transcriber’s Notes
General
This e-text follows the text of the original work, including inconsistencies in spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation and typography. In particular, the following have not been standardised or corrected (except when mentioned below):
- the two types of fractions used (21⁄2 and 1-10th, for example);
- errors in calculations (for example, constituent parts that do not add up to the total given);
- articles that are not in alphabetical order have not been moved (note that I and J are considered to be equivalent, as in Jasper — Icehouse — Jelly);
- missing reference letters/figures in illustrations;
- inconsistent numbering of sections and paragraphs (for example, there may be a paragraph number 1, but no number 2 or further; there may be a section number II, but no number I).
Some illustrations are missing from the original and are not referred to in the text (Figs. 57, 372), others are provided in the original work, but not discussed or described. Fig. 93 is not present in the original, but is described in the text. The original has two illustrations numbered 384; the second one (on page 464) has been renamed 384*. Figures 496/497 and 498/499 are remarkably similar, as is their description.
Several illustrations referred to in the text do not show the reference letters, numbers or symbols mentioned in the text.
Hyperlinks have been provided for explicit internal references, and where they seemed useful.
Several wide tables have been optimised for wide (browser) windows and may not look optimal in narrow windows or other formats.
For some illustrations enlarged versions are available in order to make details and reference letters better visible (not available in all formats).
Remarks on the text
Fontanier and Fontanieu probably refer to the same person.
The text occasionally gives ohm and aime as inits of volume; these are probably aams or ames (circa 30-36 imperial gallons).
There are several references to a table of elasticities of vapour; it is not clear which table is meant.
Page 16, table: the temperature 164° stands out from the other temperatures, and may be wrong (possibly error for 194°)
Page 16, The specific gravity of water at 60° being 1000, at 62° it is 99,981. This phrase contains at least one mistake: the intention might be specific gravities 100 and 99·981, respectively (see also the table following on page 21/22).
Page 19, table, first row, column 70°: 9991 does not fit in with the other data, this is possibly an error for 9981.
Page 25, table, first row (17°): 44·9 does not fit with the other data; this is possibly an error for 44·2; last row but one (24°): 693 does not fit with the other data; possibly an error for 993.
Page 26, table, row 20°: the last value was partly illegible in the original, this should probably be 68·4; row 22° the last decimal was illegible in the original, this should probably be 67·7 or 67·8.
Page 29, Lausania inermis: probably Lawsonia inermis.
Page 41, reference to Gems, cutting of: the article Gems refers to the article Lapidary for cutting of gems. Hence there are two hyperlinks here.
Page 46, Fig. 14, a plan of the same: Fig. 14 is a different side view.
Page 67, 1000 of a grain of silver: possibly an error for 1⁄1000 of a grain of silver.
Page 99, reference to Saccharometer: there is no article Saccharometer; the saccharometer is discussed in the article Beer only.
Page 111-112, description of location of elements relative to each other: the author has reversed left and right.
Page 118, See Oil of Ben: there is no such article; the only reference to Oil of Ben occurs on page 895 (table).
Page 150, teint, Germ.: probably error for teint, French.
Page 169, Fernambouc: the 16th century French name for Pernambuco.
Page 178, calculation: 315 loaves at 6d. give 7l. 17s. 6d., making the clear profit 11s. 10d.
Page 225, Chloride of Lime: there is no such article; chloride of lime is discussed under Bleaching, which is where the hyperlink points.
Page 249, reference to Mill: there is no such article; the article Sugar has a part on mills, to which the hyperlink points.
Page 339, first table: the first two columns do not add up to the sub-totals given; it is not clear whether this is due to errors in the data or to miscalculation.
Page 358, Fig. 337 and accompanying text: text and illustration do not seem to fit together, few of the parts mentioned appear in the figure.
Page 382, reference to Prussic Acid: the Dictionary does not have this article.
Page 392, the year 173: the last digit was missing from the original, and has been replaced with a tilde (173~). The 1858 enlarged edition gives 1730 as the year.
Page 396, by of a lever: possibly a word is missing (by means of a lever or similar).
Page 403, footnote [24]: 2198 should possibly read 1829.
Page 512, table Phosphorus: The two values in the last column are incompatible: the first should be one half of the second.
Page 522, about 61⁄2 per cent. upon: possibly a word (such as depending) is missing.
Page 564, second table: the totals do not always add up completely, and the meaning of some of the data is unclear.
Page 605, Abrabanya: should possibly be Abrudbánya
Page 632, dyeing of horse-hair: this is described in the same, not the next article; the hyperlink points to the relevant paragraph.
Page 726, reference to Malt: the hyperlink points to the article Malt Kiln rather than to Malt, as this seemed more appropriate.
Page 742, Bilin in Bohemia: also referred to as Billen and Billin.
Page 784, Houton-Libillardière: probably Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardière.
Page 876, The carriage is then again by the rotation ...: there is a verb missing from the text (advanced, moved forward, or similar).
Page 885, Nicaraca: possibly an error for Nicaragua.
Page 895, table, line 41: the specific gravity is likely to be a misprint.
Page 897: strychia: possibly an error for strychnia.
Page 920, three separate sheets: the three knives will cut four sheets.
Page 1093, table: dr. in the column Cochineal may be an error for oz.
Page 1151, reference to page 1041: there is no related information on this page; it has therefore not been linked.
Page 1204, arescence: possibly an error for acescence.
Page 1270, Then increase the gradually: a word is missing from the original (possibly heat or temperature).
Changes and corrections made
Some missing punctuation has been added and obvious minor typographical errors have been corrected silently.
Footnotes have been moved to under the paragraph etc. they refer to.
Illustrations have been moved to where they are first or most fully described, they are therefore not always given in numerical order (the original work does not always show them in numerical order either); some illustrations have been rotated; some hatching has been removed to show reference letters more clearly. Illustration numbers have been added to illustrations that lacked a number.
Multi-page tables have been changed to single tables; tables have been re-arranged or split; some tables are presented here with legends or table notes; in some tables thin lines have been added for ease of reading.
For the sake of consistency, the following changes have been made throughout the text:
- All references to illustration numbers in the text have been italicised (Fig. nnn etc.); reference letters in the text have been standardised to italics (for lower case letters) and small-caps (for upper case letters).
- Apostrophes in French words have been closed with the following word where necessary.
- All decimal points have been changed to mid-dots, commas and dashes have been changed to mid-dots or vice versa where necessary.
- Accents on French words printed in capitals have been moved where necessary (for example E' has been changed to É).
- The Alphabetical List of Articles has been added.
- The German ...saure in nouns has been standardised to ...säure.
- The author uses the single and double dashed pound sign; both are represented here by the same symbol (£). All £/l. s. and d. (pound, shilling, pence) have been italicised for consistency.
Other changes:
| Location | Original document | Changed to |
|---|---|---|
| Page vi, table | 201,773,872 | 204,773,872 |
| Page 14 | olëine | oleine as elsewhere |
| Page 15 | Brongniard | Brongniart |
| Page 22, table, row ·82 | ·70042 | ·00042 |
| ditto last line | ·100 | 1·00 |
| Page 49 | αηθραξ | ανθραξ |
| Page 57 | a a | A A as in illustration |
| Page 69, Fig. 87 | -- | letter c added |
| Page 75 | Baume | Baumé as elsewhere |
| Page 84 | -- | 2. added before Balsams without benzoic acid |
| Page 92 | intersticial | interstitial as elsewhere |
| Page 109, second table | 980 | 0·980 |
| Page 112 | the troughs u | the troughs n as in the illustration |
| Page 122 | Breislack | Breislak as elsewhere |
| Page 144 | sp. gr. 0837 | sp. gr. 0·837 |
| ditto | sheeps’ wool | sheep’s wool as elsewhere |
| Page 167 | fig. 165, between | fig. 163. Between |
| Fig. 162 | c | e |
| Page 171 | tonne au noir | tonneau noir |
| Page 178, calculation | 7 17 5 | 7 17 6 |
| ditto | 0 11 61⁄2 | 0 11 91⁄2 |
| Page 183 | Fig. 170 | Fig. 171 |
| ditto | Fig. 171 | Fig. 170 |
| Page 215 | Elberfeldt | Elberfeld |
| Page 220, Fig. 234 | d | d′ as in text |
| Page 229 | see ... page 224 | see ... page 223 |
| Page 240 | F′ G′ | F G as in illustration |
| Page 243 | tire | tiré |
| ditto | k | K |
| Page 245 | labiacæ | labiatæ |
| Page 249 | -- | quote marks added after ... for making candles. |
| ditto | undica | indica |
| Page 278 | 60·30 feet | 69·39 feet |
| Page 311 | rhamnus fragula | rhamnus frangula |
| Page 318 | Figs. 297, 298. | Figs. 296, 298. |
| Page 331 | its bottom, C | its bottom, c |
| Page 336 | Gtakamite | Atakamite |
| Page 345, Fig. 318 | -- | ′s added as mentioned in text |
| Page 356 | pulley or whorl g | pulley or whorl q as in drawing |
| Page 372 | 5·463 lbs. of force | 5463 lbs. of force |
| Page 385 | 45 (or nearly so) | 45° (or nearly so) |
| Page 394 | Münzstampeln | Münzstempeln |
| Page 403 | are constantly making | are constantly made |
| Page 450 | 1·375 | 137·5 |
| Page 464 | -- | Fig. 384 renamed Fig. 384*, (also reference to this illustration in text) |
| Page 480, table header | 3⁄4 to 174 | 3⁄4 to 11⁄4 |
| Page 481 | Hamecons | Hameçons |
| ditto | Fishangeln | Fischangeln |
| Page 499 | fig. 524 | fig. 452 |
| Page 510 | Bernardiere | Bernardière |
| ditto | cachemire | cachemere as elsewhere |
| Page 515, Peroxide of iron | 2F | 2Fe |
| Page 524, formula (1) | 1·000,000 | 1,000,000 |
| Page 530, Fig. 480* | lower d | b |
| Page 534 | -- | Opening quotes added before conclusion nr. 1. |
| Page 538, schematic Pillow Fustian | -- | 2 inserted in second row |
| Page 548, Fig. 482 | -- | reference letter s added |
| Page 552 | 30,000 feet of gas | 30,000 cubic feet of gas |
| Page 553 | fig. 488 | fig. 489 (second reference in text) |
| Page 554, formula 7 | ) | ( |
| Page 561 | we have 100·4 | we have 100 and 4 |
| Page 574, table | curly bracket embraces lime and silica | curly bracket embraces silica only |
| Page 580, Fig. 507 and 508 | -- | illustration numbers interchanged to conform to text |
| Page 594 | (3 × 77·6) 232·8 | (3 × 77·6) = 232·8 |
| Page 608 | -- | closing quote mark added after ... 47 millions per annum. |
| Page 618 | Graufärbe | Graufarbe |
| Page 645 | Wohler | Wöhler |
| Page 650 | a section of the pressure | a section of the presser |
| Page 658 | p, small spiral springs | P, small spiral springs as in drawing |
| Page 670 | Liebeg | Liebig |
| Page 674 | Elbeuf | Elbœuf |
| Page 684 | Huttenberg | Hüttenberg |
| Page 709 | shachtofen | schachtofen |
| Page 713 | ruckstein | rückstein as elsewhere |
| Page 740 | as is shown in fig. 621. | as is shown in fig. 622. |
| Page 745 | Himmelsfurst | Himmelsfürst |
| ditto | Beschertgluck | Beschertglück |
| Page 746 | Huelgoet | Huelgoët |
| Page 747 | gelena | galena |
| ditto | Huelgöet | Huelgoët |
| Page 748 | Kongsburg | Kongsberg as elsewhere |
| Page 749 | z′ z′ | z z as in drawing |
| Page 750 | Z′ Z′ | z z as in drawing |
| Page 752 | Poulläouen | Poullaouen as elsewhere |
| Page 760 | Vicenago | Viconago |
| Page 774 | Rudersdorf | Rüdersdorf |
| Page 783 | Farberröthe | Färberröthe |
| Page 784 | Societé | Société |
| Page 785 | Kuhlman | Kuhlmann |
| Page 792 | silk-works are reared | silk-worms are reared |
| Page 793 | magnesien | magnésien |
| Page 805, Figs. 656 and 657 | -- | primes added as described in text |
| Page 814 | Poullaounen | Pouallouen as elsewhere |
| Page 818 | K K′ | K′ K′′ as in illustration |
| Page 822 | Ehrenfriedensdorf | Ehrenfriedersdorf |
| Page 828 | mlydenum | molybdenum |
| Page 829, table | , | · (2x) |
| ditto | -- | blank line inserted under Water |
| ditto | La Ferte-sous-Jouarre | La Ferté-sous-Jouarre |
| Page 849 | rothelie gende | rothe liegende |
| ditto | lumachello | lumachella |
| Page 853 | Breïtlingerwetterschacht | Breitlingerwetterschacht |
| ditto | m, n, o, q, R, s | m, n, o, q, r, s |
| Page 854/855 (table) | -- | table notes [a] through [d] were printed as vertical text in the original work |
| Page 859 | t t | t T as in illustration |
| Page 868 | oölite | oolite |
| ditto | Puzzuolo | Puzzuoli |
| Page 874 | Braconot | Braconnot as elsewhere |
| Page 889 (table) | 93·024. | 93,024 |
| Page 891 | Stichstoffoxyd | Stickstoffoxyd |
| Page 895 | Hyociamus | Hyosciamus as elsewhere |
| Page 897, table | -- | the original work has a mixture of plain text (olive oil and spermaceti) and table; this has been changed to a table |
| Page 898 | Wurtemburg | Wurtemberg as elsewhere |
| Page 900 | by passing into a slit-groove the vertical turning shaft | by passing into a slit-groove in the vertical turning shaft |
| Page 909 | rosmarinus officialis | rosmarinus officinalis |
| Page 922 | a, c, d | a, b, c |
| Page 929 | -- | quote marks added after ... from the invention. |
| Page 930, table | -- | 2 added before Journeymen |
| Page 931, table, first line | or 4 vats | 3 or 4 vats |
| Page 933 | (p. 967.) | (p. 936.) |
| Page 944, table header above No. I | grams | grains |
| Page 989, Fig. 864 | lower d | b |
| Page 1000 | rollers, figs. 885. 886. | rollers, figs. 886. 887. |
| Page 1001 | Descotil | Descotils |
| Page 1002 | Goro-Blagodatz | Goroblagodat as elsewhere |
| Page 1029 | Mintereau | Montereau as elsewhere |
| Page 1056 | Solfaterra | Solfetara |
| Page 1080 | -- | quote marks added after ... casualty from explosion. |
| Page 1090 | schlot-plan | schlot-pan |
| Page 1074 | fig. 50 | fig. 950 |
| Page 1106 | Fig. 796. | Fig. 976. |
| Page 1127 | Fig. 1011. | Fig. 1012. |
| Page 1129 | Figs. 1023. and 1026. | Figs. 1024. and 1025. |
| Page 1137 | Himmelfürst | Himmelsfürst |
| Page 1175 | -- | quote marks added after ... or of the alloys. |
| Page 1185 | Liquidamber styraciflua | Liquidambar styraciflua |
| Page 1196 | the feeder unites them | the feeder unties them |
| Page 1245 | The portion B is to be washed again | The portion A is to be washed again |
| Page 1250, calculation | -- | missing 0 in shillings-column added |
| Page 1252 | Poerner | Poërner |
| Page 1253 | Moiree | Moirée |
| Page 1281, table, column Carlsbad, row Fluoride of Calcium | 00·184 | 0·0184 |
| ditto column Seltzer, row Alumina | 00·185; | 0·0185 |
| ditto | Pullna | Püllna |
| Page 1284 | In his way | In this way |
| Page 1332 | fig. 1230 | fig. 1231 |