The manner in which this operates is shown in section in [fig. 336.] Here, we perceive the rod q2, which extends from the base towards the narrow end of the truncated cone, and p2 a forked bearer or carrier made fast to the shaft c′ by a screw, which compels the cone by means of that rod, to obey the movements of c′. In the large end of the cone there is an aperture, through which the bearer can be got at. The smaller end carries outside a projection o2, provided with a groove, which is embraced by the forked end of a rod q′, [fig. 337.], that serves to shove the cone along upon the shaft c′. Directly under the cone, there is an upright round pillar p′, upon which the holder o′ of the two guide pulleys l′ is adjustable. A bar r2 placed along-side of the holder, prevents its turning round, but allows it to slide along p′ by friction. The weight of the holder and the pulley is sufficient to distend the endless band n′, which runs from the cone k′, through under the pulley l′, and round the small drum m′ on the shaft s2. A pulley or whorl t2 with four grooves, is made fast by means of a tube to this shaft, and slides along it backwards and forwards, without ever ceasing to follow its revolutions. The shaft possesses for this purpose a long fork, and the interior of the tube a corresponding tongue or catch. There is besides upon the tube beneath the pulley, at u2, a groove that goes round it, in which the staple or forked end of an arm like v2, [fig. 333.], made fast to the copping beam p, catches. By the up and down movement of that beam, the pulley t2 takes along with it the arm that embraces the tube, which therefore rises and falls equally with the bobbins h′, and their pulleys or whorls q. This is requisite, since the bobbins are made to revolve by the pulleys t2, by means of 2 endless cords or bands.

The most intricate part of the mechanism is the adjustment, by which the revolution of the bobbins is continually retarded, and their up and down, or copping motion, along the spindles, is also retarded in like proportion. The vertical pulley f′, (towards the left end of the shaft c′) has at its right side a somewhat larger disc or sheave g′, with a perfectly uniform, but not a very smooth surface. Upon this sheave, a smaller horizontal pulley x′ rubs, whose upper face is covered with leather to increase the friction. The under end of the shaft y2 of the pulley x′ turns in a step, which is so connected with the arm v′ of the large bent lever t′ v′, that it always stands horizontally, whatever direction the arms of that lever may assume. The shaft y2 is steadied at top by an annular holder or bush, which embraces the fast arm x2 with its forked end. Upon its opposite side, this arm carries a pulley y2, upon which a cord goes, that is made fast to the holder of the shaft y2, and loaded with the weight z′. The weight presses the pulley x′ against the surface of g′, in such wise as to effect the degree of friction necessary in order that the revolution of g′ may produce an uninterrupted revolution in x′. A pinion w′, whose length must be equal at least to the semi-diameter of the sheave g′, is placed upon the under end of the shaft y2. It has 22 teeth, and takes into a 62-toothed horizontal wheel z2. Upon the upper end of this wheel the conical pinion a3 is made fast, which may be changed for changing the speed, but usually has from 28 to 30 teeth. By this pinion the conical wheel b3 is turned, which has 30 teeth, and whose shaft is c3. This shaft carries upon its opposite end a six-leaved pinion, d3, which takes into the calender wheel f3, formed with cogs like a trundle, upon the long shaft e3. In [fig. 338.] the wheel f3 is exhibited with its pinion d3. Here we may remark that in the circumference of the wheel there is a vacant place, g3, void of teeth. When by the motion of the wheel, the pinion comes opposite to this opening, it turns round about the last tooth of the wheel, falls into the inside of the toothed circle marked by the dotted lines, and thus gives now an inverse movement to the wheel f3, while itself revolves always in the same direction. This reversed motion continues till the opening g3 comes once more opposite to the pinion, when this turns round about the last tooth of that side, and begins again to work in the exterior teeth. Thus, by the uniform motion of d3 and its dependent parts, the wheel f3, with its shaft e3, revolves alternately to the right hand and the left. That this result may ensue, the shaft c3 of the pinion must be able to slide endwise, without losing its hold of a3 and b3. This adjustment is effected by placing the end of the said shaft, nearest b3, in a box or holder i3, in which it can turn, and which forms a vertical tube to this box, as a downward prolongation which is fixed to the tail of the conical pinion a3. [Fig. 339.] shows this construction in section upon an enlarged scale. The second bearer of the shaft nearest d3, must possess likewise the means of lateral motion. When therefore the pinion d3 shifts through the opening of the wheel f3 outwards or inwards, its shaft c3, makes a corresponding small angular motion upon the pivot of a3, by means of the tube i3; a3 and b3 remain thereby completely in geer with one another.

The above-described alternate revolutions of the wheel f3 serve to produce the up and down motions of the bobbins. The shaft e3 has for this purpose two pinions n2 n2, which work in the rack teeth m2 m2 of the copping rail p, and thus alternately raise and sink it with the bobbins which rest upon it. The weight of the copping beam and all its dependent parts, is poised by two counterweights m4, whose cords run over the pulleys o4 o4 o4, [fig. 332.], and have their ends made fast to the frame, so as to make the upwards motion as easy as the downwards. The two upper pulleys out of the three of each weight, are fixed to the frame; the under one, round which the cord first runs, is attached to the copping beam, rising and falling along with it.

[Figs. 340 and 341 enlarged] (78 kB)