AluminiumM.171,167
Antimony—806,542
Arsenic—470,042
AzoteI.88,518
BariumM.856,880
Bismuth—886,000
BoronI.135,983
BromineA.489,150
CadmiumM.696,970
Calcium—256,019
CarbonI.76,437
CeriumM.574,718
ChlorineA.221,325
ChromiumM.351,819
Cobalt—369,991
Copper—395,695
FluorineI.116,900
GoldM.1243,013
HydrogenI.62,398
IodineA.789,145
IridiumM.1233,260
Iron—339,213
Lead—1294,489
Lithium—81,320
Magnesium—158,353
Manganesium—345,900
MercuryM.1265,822
Molybdenum—598,525
Nickel—369,675
Osmium—1244,210
OxygenA.100,000
PalladiumM.665,840
PhosphorusI.196,155
PlatinumM.1233,260
Rhodium—651,400
SeleniumI.494,582
Silicon—277,478
SilverM.675,804
Strontium—547,285
SulphurI.201,165
TantalumM.1153,715
Tellurium—801,760
Thorinum—744,900
Tin—735,294
Titanium—303,686
Tungsten—1183,000
Uranium—2711,360
Vanadium—855,840
Yttrium—401,840
Zinc—403,226
Zirconium—420,238

ELUTRIATE. (Soutirer, Fr.; Schlemmen, Germ.) When an insoluble pulverulent matter, like whitening or ground flints, is diffused through a large body of water, and the mixture is allowed to settle for a little, the larger particles will subside. If the supernatant liquid be now carefully decanted, or run off, with a syphon, it will contain an impalpable powder, which on repose will collect at the bottom, and may be taken out to dry. This process is called elutriation.

EMBALMING. (Embaument, Fr.; Einbalsamen, Germ.) Is an operation in which balsams (baumes, Fr.) were employed to preserve human corpses from putrefaction; whence the name.

The ancient Egyptians had recourse to this process for preserving the bodies of numerous families, and even of the animals which they loved or worshipped. An excellent account of their methods is given in Mr. Pettigrew’s work upon Mummies. Modern chemistry has made us acquainted with many means of counteracting putrefaction more simple and efficacious than the Egyptian system of salting, smoking, spicing, and bituminizing. See [Putrefaction].

EMBOSSING WOOD. (Bossage, Fr.; Erhabenes Arbeit, Germ.) Raised figures upon wood, such as are employed in picture frames and other articles of ornamental cabinet work, are usually produced by means of carving, or by casting the pattern in plaster of Paris, or other composition, and cementing, or otherwise fixing it on the surface of the wood. The former mode is expensive; the latter is inapplicable on many occasions. The invention of Mr. Streaker may be used either by itself, or in aid of carving; and depends on the fact, that if a depression be made by a blunt instrument on the surface of the wood, such depressed part will again rise to its original level by subsequent immersion in the water.

The wood to be ornamented having been first worked out to its proposed shape, is in a state to receive the drawing of the pattern; this being put on, a blunt steel tool, or burnisher, or die, is to be applied successively to all those parts of the pattern intended to be in relief, and, at the same time, is to be driven very cautiously, without breaking the grain of the wood, till the depth of the depression is equal to the intended prominence of the figures. The ground is then to be reduced by planing or filing to the level of the depressed part; after which, the piece of wood being placed in water, either hot or cold, the part previously depressed will rise to its former height, and will then form an embossed pattern, which may be finished by the usual operations of carving.

For this invention the Society of Arts voted to Mr. Streaker their silver Isis medal, and ten guineas.

EMBOSSING CLOTH. Mr. Thomas Greig, of Rose Bank, near Bury, patented an invention, in November 1835, which consists in an ingenious construction of machinery for both embossing and printing silk, cotton, woollen cloth, paper, and other fabrics, in one or more colours, at one operation.