To facilitate the extraction of the ice, a ladder is set up against its sloping wall at one side of the door, and left there during the season.
JELLY, VEGETABLE, of ripe currants and other berries, is a compound of mucilage and acid, which loses its power of gelatinizing by prolonged ebullition.
JELLY, ANIMAL; see [Gelatine], [Glue], and [Isinglass].
JET; (Jaiet or jais, Fr.) a species of pitch-coal or glance-coal, which, being found abundantly in a beautiful compact form, in the valley of Hers, arrondissement of Pamiers, department of the Arriège, has been worked up extensively there from time immemorial, into a multitude of ornamental articles. With this black lignite, buttons, crosses, rosaries, necklaces, ear-drops, bracelets, waist-buckles, &c. are made, which were at one time much worn by ladies for mourning dresses. The greater number of these ornaments are fashioned upon grindstones which turn in a horizontal direction, and are kept continually wet; others are turned at the lathe, or shaped by files.
About 40 years ago this manufacture employed from 1000 to 1200 operatives; at present it gives bread to only 60. This falling off may be ascribed to the successful imitation of the jet articles by those of black glass, which are equally beautiful, and not nearly so apt to lose their polish by use.
IMPERMEABLE, is the epithet given to any kind of textile fabric, rendered water-proof by one or other of the following substances:—
1. Linseed oil to which a drying quality has been communicated by boiling with litharge or sugar of lead, &c.
2. The same oil holding in solution a little caoutchouc.
3. A varnish made by dissolving caoutchouc in rectified petroleum or naphtha, applied between two surfaces of cloth, as described under [Macintosh’s patent]. See [Caoutchouc].
4. Vegetable or mineral pitch, applied hot with a brush, as in making tarpauling for covering goods in ships.