Oxygenated-Muriatic, and Oxymuriatic, are the names originally given by the French chemists, from false theoretical notions, to chlorine, which Sir H. Davy proved to be an undecompounded substance.
[P.]
PACKFONG, is the Chinese name of the alloy called white copper, or [German silver].
PACO, or PACOS, is the Peruvian name of an earthy-looking ore, which consists of brown oxide of iron, with imperceptible particles of native silver disseminated through it.
PADDING MACHINE (Machine à plaquer, Fr.; Klatsch, or Grundirmaschine, Germ.); in calico-printing, is the apparatus for imbuing a piece of cotton cloth uniformly with any mordant. In [fig. 774.] A B C D represents in section a cast-iron frame, supporting two opposite standards above M, in whose vertical slot the gudgeons a b, of two copper or bronze cylinders E F, run; the gudgeons of E turn upon fixed brasses or plummer blocks; but the superior cylinder F rests upon the surface of the under one, and may be pressed down upon it with greater or less force by means of the weighted lever d e f g, whose centre of motion is at d, and which bears down upon the axle of F. K is the roller upon which the pieces of cotton cloth intended to be padded are wound; several of them, being stitched endwise together. They receive tension from the action of a weighted belt o, n, which passes round a pulley n upon the end of the roller K. The trough G, which contains the colouring matter or mordant, rests beneath the cylinder upon the table L, or other convenient support. About two inches above the bottom of the trough, there is a copper dip-roller C, under which the cloth passes, after going round the guide roller m. Upon escaping from the trough, it is drawn over the half-round stretcher-bar at I, grooved obliquely right and left, as shown at N, whereby it acquires a diverging extension from the middle, and enters with a smooth surface between the two cylinders E F. These are lapped round 6 or 7 times with cotton cloth, to soften and equalize their pressure. The piece of goods glides obliquely upwards, in contact with one third of the cylinder F, and is finally wound about the uppermost roller H. The gudgeon of H revolves in the end of the radius h, k, which is jointed at k, and movable by a mortise at i along the quadrantal arc towards l, as the roller K becomes enlarged by the convolutions of the web. The under cylinder E receives motion by a pulley or rigger upon its opposite end, from a band connected with the driving-shaft of the printshop. To ensure perfect equability in the application of the mordant, the goods are in some works passed twice through the trough; the pressure being increased the second time by sliding the weight g to the end of the lever d f.
A view of a padding machine in connexion with the driving mechanism is given under [Hot Flue]; see also [Starching Machine].
PAINT. See [Rouge].