Sahara

by Angus Buchanan

All numerals coincide with those before each common name in Chapter XII.

1.	Numida galeata galeata.
2.	Coturnix coturnix coturnix.
3.	Fulica atra atra.
4.	Pterocles senegalensis senegalensis, and Pteroclessenegallus.
5.	Pterocles coronatus coronatus.
6.	Pterocles lichtensteinii targius.
7.	Lissotis nuba.
8.	Eupodotis arabs.
9.	Hydrochelidon leucoptera.
10.	Himantopus himantopus himantopus.
11.	Tringa glareola.
12.	Tringa hypoleucos.
13.	Philomachus pugnax.
14.	Capella gallinago gallinago.
15.	Burhinus capensis maculosus.
16.	Tringa ochropus.
17.	Hoplopterus spinosus.
18.	Cursorius cursor cursor.
19.	Streptopelia senegalensis senegalensis.
20.	Streptopelia roseogrisea roseogrisea.
21.	Streptopelia turtur hoggara.
22.	Œna capensis.
23.	Columba livia targia.
24.	Spatula clypeata.
25.	Anas acuta acuta.
26.	Anas crecca crecca.
27.	Anas querquedula.
28.	Dendrocygna viduata.
29.	Sarkidiornis melanotus.
30.	Alopochen ægyptiacus.
31.	Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax.
32.	Ardea purpurea purpurea.
33.	Butorides striatus atricapillus.
34.	Abdimia abdimii.
35.	Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus.
36.	Necrosyrtes monachus monachus.
37.	Neophron percnopterus percnopterus.
38.	Gyps rüppellii rüppellii
39.	Aquila rapax belisarius.
40.	Milvus migrans parasitus.
41.	Circus macrourus.
42.	Melierax musicus neumanni.
43.	Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides.
44.	Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus.
45.	Tyto alba affinis.
46.	Bubo africanus cinerascens.
47.	Bubo bubo desertorum.
48.	Otus scops scops.
49.	Otus leucotis leucotis.
50.	Athene noctua solitudinis, subsp. n.
51.	Clamator jacobinus pica.
52.	Chrysococcyx caprius chrysochlorus.
53.	Lophoceros erythrorhynchus erythrorhynchus.
54.	Mesopicos goertæ goertæ.
55.	Dendropicos minutus.
56.	Coracias abyssinus minor.
57.	Upupa epops somalensis.
58.	Upupa epops epops.
59.	Scoptelus aterrimus cryptostictus, subsp. n.
60.	Merops albicollis albicollis.
61.	Merops orientalis viridissimus.
62.	Colius macrourus syntactus.
63.	Pogoniulus chrysoconus schubotzi.
64.	Trachyphonus margaritatus margaritatus.
65.	Lybius vieilloti buchanani, subsp. n.
66.	Caprimulgus eximius simplicior, subsp. n.
67.	Caprimulgus europæus europæus.
68.	Caprimulgus inornatus, and Macrodipteryx longipennis.
69.	Apus affinis galilejensis.
70.	Apus apus apus.
71.	Apus pallidus pallidus.
72.	Hirundo gordoni.
73.	Hirundo rustica rustica.
74.	Riparia obsoleta buchanani, subsp. n.
75.	Phœnicurus phœnicurus phœnicurus.
76.	Œnanthe œnanthe œnanthe.
77.	Œnanthe deserti deserti.
78.	Œnanthe leucopyga œgra.
79.	Cercomela melanura airensis, subsp. n.
80.	Saxicola rubetra rubetra.
81.	Monticola saxatilis.
82.	Cercotrichas podobe.
83.	Turdoides fulvus buchanani, subsp. n.
84.	Agrobates galactotes galactotes, and Agrobates galactotesminor.
85.	Hypolais pallida reiseri.
86.	Hypolais icterina.
87.	Sylvia cantillans cantillans.
88.	Sylvia communis communis.
89.	Sylvia hortensis hortensis.
90.	Phylloscopus collybita collybita.
91.	Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus.
92.	Spiloptila clamans.
93.	Eremomela flaviventris alexanderi.
94.	Sylvietta micrura brachyura.
95.	Hedydipna platura platura.
96.	Nectarinia pulchella ægra, subsp. n.
97.	Remiz punctifrons.
98.	Batis senegalensis.
99.	Muscicapa striata striata.
100.	Muscicapa hypoleuca hypoleuca.
101.	Muscicapa albicollis.
102.	Lanius excubitor leucopygos.
103.	Lanius senator senator.
104.	Nilaus afer afer.
105.	Motacilla flava cinereocapilla,
	Motacilla flava flava, and
	Motacilla flava thumbergi.
106.	Motacilla alba alba.
107.	Anthus sordidus asbenaicus, subsp. n.
108.	Anthus campestris campestris.
109.	Anthus trivialis trivialis.
110.	Anthus cervinus.
111.	Alæmon alaudipes alaudipes.
112.	Mirafra cheniana chadensis.
113.	Ammomanes deserti mya, and Ammomanes deserti geyri, subsp.n.
114.	Galerida cristata alexanderi.
115.	Ammomanes phœnicurus arenicolor.
116.	Calendula dunni.
117.	Calandrella brachydacty hermonensis.
118.	Eremopterix leucotis melanocephala.
119.	Eremopterix frontalis frontalis.
120.	Emberiza striolata sahari.
121.	Passer simplex saharæ.
122.	Passer luteus.
123.	Serinus leucopygius riggenbachi.
124.	Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi.
125.	Sporopipes frontalis pallidior, subsp. n.
126.	Ploceus vitellinus vitellinus.
127.	Ploceus luteolus luteolus.
128.	Aidemosyne cantans cantans.
129.	Estrilda senegala brunneiceps.
130.	Spreo pulcher pulcher.
131.	Lamprocolius chalybeus hartlaubi.
132.	Corvus albus.
133.	Corvus corax ruficollis.
134.	Corvus rhipiduras.
ADDITIONAL BIRD LIFE FROM THEWESTERN SUDAN
135.	Struthio camelus camelus.
136.	Ptilopachus petrosus brehmi.
137.	Francolinus clappertoni clappertoni, and
	Francolinus bicalcaratus bicalcaratus.
138.	Pterocles quadricinctus quadricinctus.
139.	Ortyxelos meiffreni.
140.	Otis senegalensis senegalensis.
141.	Sarciophorus tectus tectus.
142.	Cursorius cursor cursor.
143.	Turtur abyssinicus delicatulus.
144.	Streptopelia decipiens shelleyi.
145.	Streptopelia vinacea vinacea.
146.	Columba guinea guinea.
147.	Treron waalia.
148.	Bulbulcus ibis ibis.
149.	Ardea melanocephala.
150.	Threskiornis æthiopicus æthiopicus.
151.	Circaëtus gallicus.
152.	Chelictinia riocourii.
153.	Butastur rufipennis.
154.	Melierax gabar niger.
155.	Gymnogenys typica.
156.	Falco chicquera ruficollis.
157.	Accipiter badius sphenurus.
158.	Falco biarmicus abyssinicus.
159.	Otus senegalensis.
160.	Glaucidium perlatum.
161.	Centropus senegalensis senegalensis.
162.	Clamator glandarius.
163.	Lophoceros nasutus nasutus.
164.	Chizærhis africana.
165.	Poicephalus senegalus versteri.
166.	Campethera punctuligera punctuligera.
167.	Coracias nævia nævia.
168.	Eurystomus afer afer.
169.	Halcyon chelicuti eremogiton, subsp. n.
170.	Lybius dubius.
171.	Irrisor erythrorhynchus guineensis.
172.	Scotornis climacurus.
173.	Tachornis parvus parvus.
174.	Hirundo daurica domicella.
175.	Hirundo albigularis æthiopica.
176.	Œnanthe hispanica melanoleuca.
177.	Myrmecocichla æthiops buchanani, subsp. n.
178.	Turdoides plebejus anomalus, subsp. n.
179.	Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus.
180.	Phylloscopus bonelli bonelli
181.	Prinia mistacea mistacea.
182.	Eremomela pusilla.
183.	Camaroptera brevicaudata chrysocnemis.
184.	Cisticola cisticola aridula.
185.	Cinnyris senegalensis senegalensis.
186.	Zosterops senegalensis senegalensis.
187.	Tchitrea viridis ferreti.
188.	Harpolestes senegalus senegalus.
189.	Laniarius barbarus barbarus.
190.	Prionops plumatus haussarum, subsp. n.
191.	Corvinella corvina corvina.
192.	Emberiza flaviventris flavigaster.
193.	Gymnoris pyrgita pallida.
194.	Petronia dentata buchanani, subsp. n.
195.	Serinus mozambicus hartlaubi.
196.	Textor albirostris albirostris.
197.	Steganura aucupum aucupum.
198.	Hypochera chalybeata neumanni
199.	Pyromelana franciscana franciscana.
200.	Amadina fasciata fasciata.
201.	Pytelia melba citerior.
202.	Estrilda cinerea.
203.	Uræginthus bengalus bengalus.
204.	Lamprotornis caudatus.
205.	Cinnyricinclus leucogaster leucogaster.
206.	Buphagus africanus.
207.	Cryptorhina afra.

APPENDIX II

SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE OF SAHARAN ANIMAL LIFE

All numerals coincide with those before each common name in Chapter XIII.

1.	Ammotragus lervia angusi, subsp. n.
2.	Gazella dama damergouensis, subsp. n.
3.	Gazella dorcas dorcas.
4.	Oryx algazel algazel
5.	Addax nasomaculatus.
6.	Phacochœrus æthiopicus africanus.
7.	Papio nigeriæ.
8.	Pipistrellus kuhli
9.	Scoteinus schlieffeni.
10.	Rhinopoma cystops.
11.	Paraechinus deserti.
12.	Felis haussa, sp. n.
13.	Felis margarita. (Rediscovered after 65 years.)
14.	Genetta dongolana.
15.	Caracal caracal pœcilotis, subsp. n.
16.	Herpestes phœnicurus Saharæ, subsp. n.
17.	Hyæna hyæna.
18.	Canis riparius.
19.	Vulpes pallida harterti, subsp. n.
20.	Vulpes rüppelli cæsia, subsp. n.
21.	Fennecus zerda.
22.	Mellivora buchanani, sp. n.
23.	Euxerus erythropus agadius, subsp. n.
24.	Claviglis olga, sp. n.
25.	Gerbillus pyramidum.
26.	Gerbillus gerbillus (group).
27.	Dipodillus campestris.
28.	Dipodillus garamantis.
29.	Desmodilliscus buchanani, sp. n.
30.	Meriones schousbœi tuareg, subsp. n.
31.	Meriones libycus caudatus.
32.	Psammomys algiricus.
33.	Mastomys, sp.
34.	Acomys airensis, sp. n.
35.	Acomys johannis.
36.	Arvicanthis testicularis solatus, subsp. n.
37.	Jaculus jaculus airensis, subsp. n.
38.	Hystrix ærula, sp. n.
39.	Massoutiera rothschildi, sp. n.
40.	Lepus canopus, sp. n.
41.	Procavia buchanani, sp. n.
42.	Orycteropus ater.
ADDITIONAL ANIMAL LIFE FROM THE WESTERNSUDAN
43.	Damaliscus korrigum.
44.	Gazella rufifrons hasleri
45.	Hipposideros caffer tephrus.
46.	Epomophorus anurus.
47.	Nycteris thebaica.
48.	Atelerix spiculus.
49.	Crocidura manni.
50.	Ichneumia albicauda.
51.	Canis anthus.
52.	Vulpes pallida edwardsi
53.	Pœcilictis rothschildi, sp. n.
54.	Ictonyx senegalensis.
55.	Euxerus erythropus chadensis.
56.	Taterillus gracilis angelus, subsp. n.
57.	Gerbillus nigeriæ, sp. n.
58.	Steatomys cuppedius, sp. n.
59.	Cricetomys gambiannus oliviæ.
60.	Cricetomys buchanani, sp. n.
61.	Leggada haussa, sp. n.
62.	Lemniscomys olga, sp. n.
63.	Arvicanthis testicularis.
64.	Hystrix senegalica.

INDEX

• A
• Abandoned villages, [57], [67]
• Accumulating sand, [65]
• Agades, [67]
• Ahaggar Mountains, [60]
• Ahaggar, Tuaregs of, [140]
• Aïr Mountains, [60]
• Algiers, [264]
• Ali in London, [281]
• Alifa, [138]
• Alleys, a maze of, [99]
• Altitudes, [60]
• Amud, [138]
• Amusing native stories, [279]
• An accident, [42]
• An explanation, [29]
• Animals of the Sahara, [237]
• Anxieties of travel, [16]
• Area of Sahara, [48]
• Areas, pre-Saharan, [52]
• Arui, [246]
• Awe-inspiring immensity, [51]
• Awful heat, [24], [81]
• Azawaren natives, [122]
• B
• Bad men hide, where, [107]
• Band, a hardened, [22]
• Barbary sheep, [246]
• Barbarism, to reclaim from, [273]
• Barren country, [59]
• Bartering salt, [127]
• Begging, [149]
• Berbers, Tuareg relation to, [131]
• Bezzou dies, [175]
• Big game, [238]
• Bilma, journey to, [77], [82]
• Bilma oasis, [113]
• Bird folklore, [221], [227]
• Bird life boundaries, [53]
• Birds of the Sahara, [217], [230]
• Biskra and the Sahara, [50]
• Brigandage, influence of, [139]
• Broken loads, [78]
• Buying equipment, [6]
• C
• Camel, a riding, [39]
• Camel bought, [37]
• Camel dies, [23]
• Camel, early life of, [34]
• Camel-food, [74], [76]
• Camel friendship, [41]
• Camel-men, [11]
• Camel names, [21]
• Camels, a massed camp of, [80]
• Camels, hungry, [87]
• Camels, loading, [12]
• Camels—men—food—water, [15]
• Camels, number of, [20]
• Camels pay heavy price, [22], [258]
• Camels, sick, [15], [25], [209]
• Camels, thousands of, [72], [77], [83]
• Camp and rest, [27], [87]
• Camp-fires, [199]
• Caravan routes, old, [66]
• Change, geographic, [52]
• Character of northern natives, [140]
• Cheerful spirits, [17]
• Chibikee, [138]
• Civilisation, influence of, [140]
• Clouds, [64]
• Cold, [88]
• Collections, first Saharan, [53], [218], [230], [253]
• Contest for existence, [16]
• Country pitiless, [22]
• Cracked feet, [90]
• Cultivation in oases, [187]
• Cunning defence, [101]
• D
• Dancers, a guild of, [193]
• Dangers of the trail, [137]
• Dawn, [17]
• Day closes, [26]
• Death of Feri N’Gashi, [44], [262]
• Decadence, [195]
• Decay of Sahara, [55], [64], [67]
• Decline of natives, [57], [162]
• Defence, cunning, [101]
• Den of forty thieves, [103]
• Departure, port of, [8]
• Depressed spirits, [163], [209]
• Desert, dread of the, [50], [287]
• Desert equipment, [72]
• Desert oases, [187]
• Desert of terrifying desolation, [81]
• Desert, the toll of the, [23]
• Desert, true, [59]
• Detail, importance of, [7]
• Diarabba, the, [193]
• Disappearing wild life, [56]
• Discovery of new species, [240]
• Distance travelled, [29], [261]
• Dividing line, the, [53]
• Dream, a strange, [214]
• Dreams materialise, [5]
• Dress of Tuaregs, [85], [146]
• Dromard, Lieutenant, [114]
• Dunes, [59]
• E
• Eastern sadness, [23]
• Efali, [88], [92]
• Encroaching sand, [51]
• Endless sea of sand, [17]
• Enemies, among, [167]
• Enemies, feudal, [141]
• Environment of a desert camp, [153]
• Equipment, buying, [6]
• Equipment for the desert, [72]
• Equipment, saddle, [13]
• Exhaustion, [89], [208], [258]
• Expedition’s natives, [20], [258]
• Explored, new ground, [29]
• F
• Fachi fort, [102]
• Fachi oasis, [82], [95]
• Fatigue, [26], [208]
• Fawna, [138]
• Feri N’Gashi, [21], [33], [40], [262]
• Feudal enemies, [141]
• Flies, [146]
• Flood, [204]
• Food and manners, [147]
• Food, camels’, [74], [76]
• Food desired, [259]
• Footsore, [90]
• Fuel, scarcity of, [191]
• G
• Game on the move, [243]
• Gazelle and antelope, [239]
• Geographic change, [52]
• Giants, a legend of, [115]
• Giraffe, [53], [56]
• Glover, T. A., [8], [258]
• Grave journey begun, a, [161]
• Gravel plains, [59]
• Great trek starts, a, [79]
• Grim fortifications, [97]
• Guide, Bilma, [88], [92]
• Guild of Dancers, [193]
• H
• Hamid of Timmersu, [84]
• Heat in the Sahara, [20], [24], [81]
• Highway for raiders, [95]
• History, legendary, [115]
• History of Bilma, [117]
• Home, [265]
• Homes in the wilderness, [143]
• Hungry camels, [87]
• I
• Immensity, awe-inspiring, [51]
• Importance of detail, [7]
• Important influences, [51]
• Influence of brigandage, [139]
• J
• Journey begun, a grave, [161]
• Journey to Bilma, [77]
• K
• Kahena, [158], [171]
• Katsina, [36]
• Kowar depression, [95], [115]
• L
• Landing, port of, [8]
• Land of antiquity, [50]
• Legendary history, [115]
• Legend surrounding skeletons, [182]
• Life of a camel, [33]
• Lion, [53], [56]
• Loading camels in dark, [12]
• Loads broken, [78]
• M
• Malaria, [147], [187]
• Manners, [147]
• Map, [46]
• March begun, [14]
• Massacre, a, [117]
• Masters of the sword, [133]
• Men and beasts suffer, [89]
• Men sick, [16], [258]
• Memorable nights, [86]
• Migrants, bird, [226]
• Milk a staple food, [147]
• Mohammedan prayer, [18]
• Mountains, remarkable, [60]
• Museum’s support, [5]
• Museum, Tring, [58]
• N
• Names of camels, [21]
• Natives, [63], [67], [84], [122]
• Natives, decline of, [57], [162]
• Natives with expedition, [20]
• Natron, [119]
• Nature of the Sahara, [59]
• New ground explored, [29]
• New species discovered, [240]
• Night, [26]
• Night camp, a, [87]
• Nomad possessions, [145]
• O
• Oases, desert, [187]
• Oasis fortified, [96]
• Oasis of Bilma, [82], [113]
• Oasis of Fachi, [82], [95]
• Old traveller, [88]
• Oppressed by raids, [118]
• Origin of Tuaregs, [150]
• Oryx, white, [245]
• Ostrich, [53], [56]
• Ouargla, [259]
• Outlawry, [134], [138], [157]
• P
• Pasturage, [63]
• Physical nature of Sahara, [59]
• Pidgin-English, [277]
• Pigeons, flocks of, [224]
• Pioneer, a, [4]
• Pitiless country, [22]
• Pitiless sun, [24], [81], [208]
• Plains of gravel, [59]
• Plan, bewildering, [99]
• Population declining, [57]
• Population, interior Sahara, [67]
• Port of departure, [8]
• Port of destination, [264]
• Prayer, Mohammedan, [18]
• Pre-Saharan areas, [51]
• Prolific salt-pits, [119]
• Prolonged strain, [91]
• R
• Race, a strange, [123]
• Raid, a, [157]
• Raider, a, [133]
• Raiders, [96], [118], [123], [134], [138], [213]
• Rain, [147], [201], [241]
• Rainfall, [63]
• Rail-head in Algeria, [261]
• Rali, [157]
• Religion, [18], [51], [150], [154], [194]
• Rest and camp, [27]
• Revival unlikely, [65]
• Rhamadan, [154]
• Riding saddle, [13]
• Rifles replacing swords, [137]
• Rising of 1916, [136]
• Robbers’ camp, the, [165]
• Rock disintegration, [65]
• Rock drawings, [211]
• Rodd, Francis, [8]
• Rogue, a, [106]
• Routes, old caravan, [66]
• Ruse, a, [173]
• S
• Saddling up takes time, [13]
• Sadness, eastern, [23], [153]
• Sahara from Biskra, [50]
• Sahara map, [46]
• Saharan collections, first, [53]
• Saharan areas, pre-, [52]
• Sahara, physical nature of, [59]
• Sahara’s decay, [55], [57], [64], [195]
• Sahara’s life, key to, [194]
• Sahara’s population, [67]
• Sahara, vastness of, [48]
• Sakari in London, [281]
• Salt as currency, [111], [127]
• Salt, method of working, [120], [125]
• Sand, discomfort of [145], [192]
• Sand-dunes, [59]
• Sand encroaching, [51], [65], [192]
• Sandstorm, [206]
• Sea of Sand, [17]
• Sedentary people, [185]
• Seeking Kahena, [171]
• Siege jars, [103]
• Slave caravans, [66]
• Slaves, Tuareg, [142], [185]
• Social fabric of Sahara, [189]
• Speed of camel travel, [82]
• Spirits, depressed, [163], [209]
• Stars, [86], [257]
• Start, time of, [6]
• Storms, [202], [206], [241]
• Strain, prolonged, [91]
• Strange natives, [122]
• Strategy, [169]
• Sun-glare, [89]
• Sun, pitiless, [24], [81], [208]
• Sun, the rising, [18]
• T
• Taralum, the, [71]
• Tassili, [59], [220]
• Terrifying desolation, [81]
• Thousands of camels, [72], [77], [83]
• Tigguida n’Tisem, [121]
• Time of start, [6]
• Tobacco, craving for, [148], [264]
• Toilers, the, [191]
• Toll of the desert, [23]
• Touggourt, [261]
• Tracking, skilful, [159]
• Tragic decay, [67]
• Travel, formation of, [83]
• Travel, reason for, [199]
• Trek starts, a great, [79]
• Tribal names, [141]
• Tribes, [63], [67], [115], [122], [131], [140], [191]
• Tring Museum, [53]
• Tropical boundary, [53], [54]
• Tuareg dress, [85], [146]
• Tuareg encampments, [143], [145]
• Tuareg features, [151]
• Tuaregs, [63], [67], [84], [131], [140]
• Tuaregs idle, [164]
• Tuareg slaves, [142], [185]
• Tuareg villages, [189]
• Tuareg women, [146]
• V
• Vastness of Sahara, [48]
• Veil, the people of the, [131]
• Villages abandoned, [57], [67]
• Villages, Tuareg, [189]
• Vultures, [225]
• W
• War-wise people, [131]
• Water, [63], [144], [205], [210], [223]
• Well, an old, [57]
• White Feather, [21], [40]
• Wilderness homes, [143]
• Wild life, [217], [237]
• Wild life disappearing, [56]
• Wind, [81], [145]
• Wizard, the, [105]
• Women, Tuareg, [146]
• Y
• Yofa, [158], [177]
• Z
• Zoological boundary, [5]
• Zoological purpose, [53]
• Zoological collections, [217]

ERRATA

p. [41], line 2 up: for “to great count” read “too great to count.”