“Army of the Cumberland: You have made a grand and successful campaign; you have driven the rebels from Middle Tennessee. You crossed a great mountain range, placed yourselves on the banks of a broad river, crossed it in the face of a powerful opposing army, and crossed two other great mountain ranges at the only practicable passes, some forty miles between extremes. You concentrated in the face of superior numbers; fought the combined armies of Bragg, which you drove from Shelbyville to Tullahoma, of Johnston’s army from Mississippi, and the tried veterans of Longstreet’s corps, and for two days held them at bay, giving them blow for blow, with heavy interest. When the day closed, you held the field, from which you withdrew, in the face of overpowering numbers, to occupy the point for which you set out—Chattanooga.
“You have accomplished the great work of the campaign; you hold the key of East Tennessee, of Northern Georgia, and of the enemy’s mines of coal and nitre. Let these achievements console you for the regret you experience that arrivals of fresh hostile troops forbade your remaining on the field to renew the battle; for the right of burying your gallant dead, and caring for your brave companions who lay wounded on the field. The losses you have sustained, though heavy, are slight, considering the odds against you, and the stake you have won.
“You hold in your hands the substantial fruits of a victory, and deserve and will receive the honors and plaudits of a grateful nation, which asks nothing of even those who have been fighting us, but obedience to the Constitution and laws established for our own common benefit.
“The General commanding earnestly begs every officer and soldier of this army to unite with him in thanking Almighty God for His favors to us. He presents his hearty thanks and congratulations to all the officers and soldiers of this command, for their energy, patience, and perseverance, and the undaunted courage displayed by those who fought with such unflinching resolution.
“Neither the history of this war, nor probably the annals of any battle, furnish a loftier example of obstinate bravery and enduring resistance to superior numbers—when troops, having exhausted their ammunition, resorted to the bayonet, many times, to hold their positions, against such odds—as did our left and centre, comprising troops from all the corps, on the afternoon of the 20th of September, at the battle of Chickamauga.
(Signed) W. S. ROSECRANS,
Major-General Commanding.”
After the battle of Chickamauga, the Union army fell back to Chattanooga, and assumed a strong position in front of that place, abandoning, however, the passes of Lookout Mountain, which were immediately occupied by the rebels. The Army of the Cumberland at this time received its supplies, by way of Stevenson, and Bridgeport, from depots at Louisville and Nashville. To cut railroad communication with those points, and thus to paralyze the Union forces, was now the aim of the Confederate commander; and to this labor he addressed his efforts, with promptitude and with courage. But the line of railroad was well defended. On the 23d of September, General Hooker was sent to Tennessee, in command of the Eleventh and Twelfth corps of the Army of the Potomac, and was assigned to the protection of the line of communication between Bridgeport and Nashville. The rebels, in their vain endeavors to intercept the Union communications, brought about several small engagements, in which the Unionists were invariably victorious. Thus, on the 2d of October a rebel force, four thousand strong, under Wheeler, was defeated, at Anderson’s Cross Roads, by the First Missouri and Second Indiana cavalry, under Colonel Edward McCook. The enemy lost one hundred and twenty men, killed and wounded, eighty-seven prisoners, and upwards of eight hundred mules; and was completely routed, and driven back for miles. Thus, also, on the 6th of October, General Mitchell attacked the enemy, in strong force, at Shelbyville, and put them to flight, with heavy loss. They were, likewise, defeated at Farrington, on the 8th of October, by the National troops under General Crook, who captured on this occasion two hundred and forty prisoners, four pieces of artillery, and one hundred stand of arms.
But other and more important movements were in contemplation at this time. The Government at Washington, hearing that Bragg was to receive reinforcements, and feeling that the crisis demanded an infallible commander, determined to relieve General Rosecrans, and entirely to reorganize the conduct of the war in the west. With this view General Grant was directed to advance with his forces from Vicksburg, and to assume command of the Departments of Tennessee, Cumberland, and Ohio. On the 18th of October, General Grant arrived at Louisville, and entered upon his new duties. The immediate direction of affairs in the Department of the Cumberland was committed to Major-General G. H. Thomas. The Department of Tennessee was assigned to Major-General W. T. Sherman. The corps of Generals McCook and Crittenden were consolidated, and stationed at Cincinnati. General Burnside, commanding the Department of Ohio, was, at this time, with a considerable Union force, in the vicinity of Knoxville, in the eastern part of the State.
Such was the position of affairs, when General Grant took command of these important operations. His first movement was to open a shorter land communication between the Army of the Cumberland and its base of supplies. This was necessary, because the rebels were, substantially, investing Chattanooga; and to lose communication with its base of supplies, would be to lose the army there intrenched. The movement was effected in a very skillful manner, and at considerable peril, by throwing a pontoon bridge across the river Tennessee, at a place called Brown’s Ferry, about one mile and a half by land, and eight miles by water, below the bridge at Chattanooga. The boats for this bridge were floated down from Chattanooga, under cover of the night, and filled with soldiers. More soldiers were then brought across the river at Brown’s Ferry, the enemy was driven back on the hills on the shore, and the bridge was constructed. It was nine hundred feet long, and the work of building it occupied five hours. As soon as this step had been successfully taken, General Hooker moved over from Bridgeport, crossed the river at Brown’s Ferry, and so effected a junction with the forces at Chattanooga. This opened the direct road to Kelly’s Ferry and so to Bridgeport, and effectually baffled the enemy’s hopes of cutting off the Union line of communication. General Grant now pursued, with comparative freedom his campaign for clearing East Tennessee of the armed forces of the Rebellion.