The total loss of the Federals in this battle was five thousand men, mostly in prisoners.
On the 19th of May the rebels, under Beauregard, encouraged by their successful resistance of Butler’s troops, resolved to attack that officer in his intrenchments at Bermuda Hundred. After two assaults, in which they met with only temporary success, the rebels retired with severe loss. The loss of the Unionists was about three hundred.
The result of the line of strategy thus far adopted by General Butler in this campaign did not meet with the approbation of General Grant, who considered that a good opportunity to capture Petersburg, if not Richmond, had been allowed to pass by, between the 6th and 13th of May, before Beauregard could collect his dispersed forces in North and South Carolina, and concentrate them in front of Butler’s forces, for the defence of Petersburg.
That General was now in a position of great security, but completely shut off from further operations against Richmond; and it required but a comparatively small force of the enemy to hold him there, while a large portion of the troops opposed to him were sent out to assist in opposing the advance of General Grant’s army north of Richmond. To compensate for this strengthening of Lee’s army, General Grant directed that General W. F. Smith’s corps should join the Army of the Potomac.
ASSAULTS OF PETERSBURG, VA.
June 8–18, 1864.
On the first occasion the city of Petersburg was actually in possession of the Federal forces, but the failure of a prominent commander to perceive and take advantage of the opportunity, was the cause of heavy losses to the Federal army in after battles for the same object.
On the night of June 8, an expedition under General Gilmore was sent out from Bermuda Hundred for the capture of Petersburg.
The cavalry force was under General Kautz, who carried the works on the south side of the town, with but slight resistance, and penetrated to the suburbs of the city, where they remained for some time, awaiting the advance of the infantry from the north. General Gilmore, finding the works which he approached very strong, and deeming an assault impracticable, returned to Bermuda Hundred without attempting one. The cavalry being unsupported, were obliged to yield the advantage gained, and retire.
It was well known by General Grant that the enemy held but a small garrison at that time in Petersburg. Attaching great importance to the possession of that place before the return of the troops that had been sent from there to reinforce Lee, he immediately detached General Smith’s command by water, via the White House, to reach Bermuda Hundred in advance of the Army of the Potomac. The design of this was to secure Petersburg before the enemy, becoming aware of the intention of the Federal chief, could reinforce the place. The importance attached by General Grant to this movement, induced him to seek a personal interview with General Butler, at that time, which is thus alluded to in the report of the Lieutenant-General.