As the left wing, under General Slocum, moved forward, the railroad from Social Circle to Madison was torn up. On reaching Rutledge, the railroad depot, engine-house, &c., were destroyed, and large quantities of cotton were burned, three hundred bales being often destroyed by one corps in a day’s march. Foraging, too, began to be richly recompensed. Madison, one of the loveliest villages in Georgia, was next partially shorn of its beauty. Its stores were sacked and its slave calaboose burned to the ground. On Sunday the troops arrived at Eatonville, a terminus of the branch railroad from Milledgeville, where they suffered much from cold rains and the worst and most slippery roads they had yet traversed. General Geary had, in the mean time, made a detour, for the purpose of destroying the Oconee railroad bridge, a splendid structure, twelve hundred feet in length. Several wagon bridges, tanneries, shoe-factories, and four hundred bales of cotton in the neighborhood shared its fate before he joined the main column. Supplies were now found on every hand in abundance, including stacks of corn fodder, numerous ground beds, containing about one hundred bushels of sweet potatoes in each; also, cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry. Fine horses and sleek mules were hidden in thickets, but they were almost invariably discovered by the men and appropriated to government use. Negroes willingly assisted the soldiers in their search for hidden treasures, and left their homes at a moment’s preparation to go they knew not whither, in search of freedom, which they too often imagined to be “an eternal Christmas—a life-long holiday.” Old and young, strong and weak, men, women, and children, of all shades, some dressed in their master’s or mistress’ best, and others almost naked, joined Sherman’s march, some of them declaring that “Mars’r Sherman was a great man, but dis am de work ob de Lord.”
On the twenty-second of November, Captain Duncan, with ten scouts, dashed into Milledgeville, the capital of the State, and captured it. The mayor came forth, and made a formal surrender of the town to General Slocum, deprecating the destruction of private property. Governor Brown, after vainly endeavoring to infuse into the hearts of the legislators the courage which he himself could not muster, had fled precipitately, as they had done, leaving the capital without defenders. Two thousand stand of arms, a ton and a half of powder, and much other valuable public property, was here captured. The penitentiary was burned by some disorderly soldiers, after the convicts had been released. Millions of Georgia paper money was found in the Treasurer’s office. Private property was here protected, and only that belonging to the rebel government, including two thousand bales of cotton, arsenals, machinery, depots, &c., was burned.
General Kilpatrick’s cavalry had been—as, indeed, they were during the whole march—busy covering the movements of the infantry columns, protecting flanks, lighting up the country with burning cotton, guarding against rebel dashes in the rear, and fighting splendidly in front. After crossing Mud Creek, near Jonesboro’, the advance encountered the enemy in force, provided with artillery. The rebel cannon opened fiercely, but the enemy no sooner witnessed the imposing display of cavalry which confronted them, than they lost heart, and retreated to Lovejoy’s Station, where Wheeler had taken refuge behind a line of earthworks, with artillery in position, and a large force of militia and one brigade of his old command, under Iverson, numbering in all perhaps four thousand men.
Colonel Murray’s gallant brigade, consisting of four regiments, was formed for the assault, while the artillery on both sides thundered heavily. The open country was favorable for a charge, which was quickly sounded, and a brilliant dash upon the rebel works was made, which resulted in the recapture of two of Rodman’s guns, which were lost by Stoneman in his unfortunate raid, and the complete rout of the enemy, with the loss on his part of ten killed and forty taken prisoners.
General Howard was now approaching Planter’s Mills with the view of laying his pontoons and crossing the Ocmulgee, which purpose he accomplished undisturbed. Kilpatrick was at the same time menacing Macon from the west side of the stream. His cavalry passed Clinton on the 20th and advanced upon Macon in three columns, the brigade under Colonel Atkins taking the right, that under Colonel Murray the left, while the Third Kentucky held the central road. Colonel Murray went dashing for miles over a succession of barricades with little loss till he came within reach of the guns of the enemy’s works, which opened a furious discharge upon him. Without flinching, the Tenth Ohio advanced in the face of this fire up the hill, and when the signal charge was given, rushed forward with irresistible impetuosity. The works were surmounted, artillerymen and infantry supports scattered, and the fort captured with a celerity that surprised the victors themselves. But while busying themselves with the eight siege guns they had taken but could neither spike nor remove, the enemy rallied, other guns were turned upon the Federals, and they were compelled to retire.
The cavalry now destroyed the Central railroad as far as Griswoldsville, where Walcott’s brigade of infantry joined them in order to cover that flank, while Howard’s trains were closing up and his men scattered and engaged in the destruction of the railroad toward Gordon. The enemy had made a reconnoissance in force and captured an entire picket post. He was approaching in considerable strength, and scarcely had the Union cavalry thrown up some hasty works, before they were assaulted by the rebels, who advanced with a deafening yell. Walcott’s infantry, regarding the Confederate militia with supreme contempt, swept down upon them; but they did not prove such contemptible foes after all, and were content with nothing short of a thorough defeat. They were commanded by General Phillips, who displayed much gallantry in rallying them when they shrank under a heavy fire of musketry and artillery; but his efforts were finally unavailing, and his men fled panic-stricken, leaving their brave commander and several hundred men prisoners in the hands of the Union troops.
Kilpatrick crossed the Oconee river and joined Sherman at Milledgeville.
Slocum’s column left the capital on the 24th, crossed the Oconee, and plunged into an extensive pine forest. The Oconee bridge was burned on the following morning. The road traversed a wide swamp formed by a winding creek, over which nine bridges had been built. The enemy had destroyed these, and pontoons and corduroy had to supply their place. Skirmishing with the enemy now grew lively. A dash of Colonel Hughes into Sandersville nearly proved fatal to him, and the infantry of the second column advanced to undisturbed possession of the town. Louisville was reached on the 30th, and on the 2d and 3d of December, both men and mules suffered much from the heat. On the march, the plantation of a violent secessionist, Dr. W. Jones, was completely devastated, and that of widow Jones, who had shown sympathy to Union captives, was spared for the sake of her charitable deeds. The Milieu stockade, which had been the prison of many thousand Union captives, was passed, but the prisoners had been removed before even the swift and dashing Kilpatrick could reach it. It consisted of a high log fence, enclosing fifteen acres, in a thick pine forest, and was a melancholy and dreary spectacle.
The right wing, under General Howard, had encountered little opposition, except at Oconee Bridge, where Major Hartridge, of Wheeler’s cavalry, made a stout but unavailing resistance. The Fourteenth and Twentieth corps arrived at Millen with punctuality, which tended to ensure the accomplishment of Sherman’s masterly plans.
Kilpatrick had, in the mean time, been raiding in advance. Two hundred of his men under Captain Hayes, had struck out sixty miles from the main command. They ventured within eight miles of Augusta, destroying a train of cars, the bridge over Brier creek on the Augusta Branch railroad, and committed other devastations calculated to weaken and confound the enemy. Kilpatrick took special pains while Hayes was thus engaged, to keep Wheeler’s attention fixed upon him, in the vicinity of Louisville. Colonel Murray’s detachment was thrice vigorously assailed by the rebel cavalry, and though driven off at last by the aid of artillery. Kilpatrick’s command continued to be harassed with sharp skirmishing, which culminated in a hard fight, at Turkey creek, where the narrow and difficult passage over the bridge afforded the enemy an opportunity to check his progress.