Better babies and their care

by Anna Steese Richardson

When the doctors told her that anything which nauseated her would affect the baby in the same way, she was actually relieved. Yet she had been forcing herself to drink the malt, because an elderly neighbor told her what wonders it had done for other women. Doctors, not neighbors, should be consulted on these problems.

Another woman told me that she did not see why her baby could not retain her milk. It curdled on his stomach. And she assured me quite solemnly that she never ate anything acid. She did love pickles, salads and lemonade, but her nurse had told her she must not eat sour things while she nursed the baby. I heard the sensible doctor in charge of that contest tell her to go straight home and make herself a good fresh salad.

Her digestion craved acid, and her child actually suffered because her system was denied it. Excessive indulgence in acids, as in anything else, would not be good for the mother or the baby; but, well balanced with other foods, sweet pickles, properly sweetened lemonade, and salad dressing prepared with plenty of good olive oil, would not hurt this mother.

The same judgment must be shown in the matter of drinking. The woman of German parentage and customs should not give up the moderate use of beer to which she has been accustomed; but, on the other hand, the woman who is not accustomed to drinking beer, and does not care for it, will not improve the quality of milk for her child by forcing herself to drink beer. The Italian mother, habituated to the use of light wine with her meals, would miss it sorely if deprived of it while nursing her child; but the average American would find it stimulating only. The woman who drinks coffee and tea in moderation may increase the supply of milk by drinking to excess; but the milk will not gain in quality, and her nerves will suffer from overstimulation. Milk, cocoa, and chocolate in moderation increase the quantity of milk and improve the quality, except in the rare cases where the mother cannot digest them. The woman who can sip gruel, plain or with cream, will find the supply of breast milk gaining in both quantity and quality; but when the gruel is disliked, when it actually nauseates the mother, it does not have a good effect on the milk.

In fact, sanity, good judgment, ordinary common sense, should govern the planning of diet for the nursing mother. It should include cereals, soups, meat at least once a day, fish, eggs, macaroni or spaghetti, fresh vegetables, salads, fruits, and light, wholesome desserts. The fresh vegetables and salads prepared with olive oil are particularly good, as they prevent constipation. Stewed fruit is better than fresh, especially when the fruits are highly acid. No dessert like pies, pastries, or puddings made from heavy dough, which are apt to lie undigested on the stomach, should be eaten; but custards and all desserts with fruit for a foundation are desirable. Nuts are highly recommended by vegetarians, but they must be well chewed.

The nursing mother must bear in mind that she is eating for two. If she depends upon the three daily meals served to the balance of her family, she is apt to become very hungry and to overeat at the table. It is better for her to eat wisely between meals, in the mid-morning and mid-afternoon. These lunches should consist of milk, cocoa, a cup of soup or gruel, or a little stewed fruit, with zwieback or toast. Crackers do not make more or better milk. The nursing mother who must prepare breakfast for her family should eat a little fruit, or a slice of bread, or drink milk, before taking up her task, and she should also have a nourishing drink just before retiring.

The busy house-mother who is nursing her baby is particularly warned against nursing the child when greatly exhausted. It is far better to keep the baby waiting a few minutes, while the mother sits down and rests or sips a glass of milk. Nursing a baby when overtired or overheated, or extremely nervous and angry, is positively injurious and unjust to the child.

Of the utmost importance in regulating the condition of the baby’s health through breast milk is the condition of the mother’s bowels. These should move once daily and, if possible, the movement should be natural. Drastic cathartics disturb both mother and child. If constipation in the mother does not yield to careful diet, including fresh vegetables and fruit, she should consult her physician and not dose herself. If the mother’s bowels are in good condition and the baby’s are not, the physician should be consulted about the baby.

The care of the breast and nipples is extremely important, for many ills, notably the very painful abscess of the breast, may spring from lack of cleanliness. The tugging of the baby’s mouth on the nipple makes it soft and tender, often laying it open in tiny cracks which are easily infected. The nipple, therefore, should never be handled by mother or nurse unless the hands have first been scrubbed with soap and a nailbrush.

Not only for cleanliness but for hardening them, the nipples should be washed after each nursing with a solution of boracic acid and very hot water, in the proportion of one teaspoon of the acid to one pint of water. When thoroughly dried with soft old linen or gauze kept for the purpose, they should be covered with a piece of sterilized gauze to prevent any possible infection from clothing. If, in spite of all these precautions, the nipple shows cracks or fissures, and nursing becomes torture, the baby must not be permitted to suck at the nipple, but a nipple shield should be used. There are various kinds, the best being of glass with a rubber nipple on the end. When the nipple is as sore as this, boracic acid in solution will not effect a cure. Zinc ointment must be used instead; but only when the nipple shield is used, never when the baby’s mouth touches the breast.