A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe / Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations

by Anonymous

SODA.

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Mineral.	Formula.
(1) in glass bulb.	(2) in open tube.	(3) on charcoal.	(4) in forceps.	(5) in borax.	(6) in mic. salt.	(7) in carb. soda.	(8) Special Reactions.
Rock-salt	NaCl.
Fuses to a clear liquid.	—	Fuses, is absorbed by the charcoal and partiallyvolatilized incrusting the charcoal around.	Fuses with great ease and colors the flameyellow.	—	—	—	Gives the chlorine reactions.
Natron	. .. . NaC + 10H
Fuses, with the evolution of water.	—	Fuses, and is absorbed into the pores of thecharcoal.	Fuses and behaves as the preceding.	—	—	—	Dissolves in acid with violent effervescence.
Soda-nitre	... . .. NaN.
Fuses and if strongly heated evolves nitrousfumes.	—	Deflagrates and is absorbed into the charcoal.	Deflagrates on platinum wire, coloring the flameyellow.	—	—	—	In a glass-bulb with bisulphate of potassa,gives the NO5-reaction.
Glauber-salt	. ... . NaS + 10H.
Fuses and gives off water having a neutralreaction.	—	Fuses, and is absorbed by the charcoal. Thesaturated charcoal laid upon silver gives thesulphur reaction	Fuses and colors the flame yellow.	—	—	—	Gives the SO3-reaction.
Glauberite	. ... . ... NaS + CaS.
Decrepitates with the evolution of more or lesswater, and when strongly heated fuses to a clearliquid.	—	Fuses to a clear bead, then spreads out; thesoda is absorbed and the lime left on thesurface. Laid on silver, the fused mass gives asulphur reaction.	Fuses easily to a clear glass, coloring theflame yellow.	Fuses easily and gives the lime reaction.	As in borax.	As alone in charcoal.	As in preceding.
Borax	. ... . NaB2 + 10H.
Intumesces with the evolution of water, andunder a strong heat fuses.	—	Intumesces and fuses to a clear bead more orless colored by impurities.	As on charcoal.	—	—	Fuses to a clear bead, which becomes crystallineon cooling.	Gives the boracic-acid-reaction.
Cryolite	3NaFl+Al2Fl3.
Decrepitates slightly and gives a trace ofwater.	If heated so that the flame be allowed to playup the tube upon the mineral, flourine isevolved, which corrodes the interior of thetube.	Fuses to a limpid bead, which on cooling becomesa white enamel. If heated for some time, itbubbles, gives off fluorine and becomesinfusible.	Fuses, coloring the flame yellow.	Dissolves to a clear bead, which is renderedopaque by a large addition.	As in borax.	Fuses to a clear bead, then spreads out on thecharcoal, the soda is absorbed, and an infusiblemass of alumina remains.	If the alumina residue obtained be moistenedwith cobalt solution and heated strongly, itassumes a beautiful blue color.

BARYTA AND STRONTIA.

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Mineral.	Formula.
(1) in glass bulb.	(2) in open tube.	(3) on charcoal.	(4) in forceps.	(5) in borax.	(6) in mic. salt.	(7) in carb. soda.	(8) Special Reactions.
Heavy-spar	. ... BaS.
Sometimes decrepitates and gives off more orless water	—	Fuses in the reducing flame.	Fuses with difficulty on edges. Colors the outerflame green. In reducing flame forms BaS, whichfuses readily.	Gives the baryta-reaction.	As in borax.	Fuses to a clear bead; then spreads out and isabsorbed into the charcoal. The fused mass laidon silver gives the S-reaction.	If fused with potassa on platinum, gives theSO3-reaction.
Celestine	. ... SrS.
—	—	Fuses to a milk-white bead.	Colors the flame crimson.	Gives the strontia-reaction.	As in borax.	Similar to the preceding.	Similar to the preceding.
Witherite	. .. BaC.
Decrepitates more or less and evolves Water.	—	Fuses, effervesces, and is partially absorbed bythe charcoal.	Colors the outer flame intensely green.	Dissolves with effervescence and gives thebaryta-reaction.	As in borax.	Fuses to a clear bead; then spreads out andpasses into the charcoal.	In dilute HCl dissolves with much effervescence.
Strontianite	. .. SrC.
Becomes opaque.	—	As in the forceps.	Exfoliates and becomes arborescent. Thefilaments glow brilliantly and fuse on the point.Colors the flame brilliantly crimson.	Resembles the preceding.	As in borax.	As the preceding.	As the preceding.
Barytocalcite.	. .. . .. BaC + CaC.
As in the preceding.	—	In powder frits together, but does not fuse.	Colors the flame green in the centre and redtowards the point.	Dissolves with effervescence. In largequantities gives a semi-crystalline bead.	As in borax, but the saturated bead ismilk-white.	Fuses, and is partially absorbed leaving thelime on the surface.	As witherite.

LIME.

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Mineral.	Formula.
(1) in glass bulb.	(2) in open tube.	(3) on charcoal.	(4) in forceps.	(5) in borax.	(6) in mic. salt.	(7) in carb. soda.	(8) Special Reactions.
Gypsum	. ... . CaS + 2H.
Turns white, giving off water and beingconverted into plaster of Paris.	—	In the reducing flame forms CaS, which has analkaline reaction on test paper, and gives asulphur-reaction when laid on silver andmoistened.	Fuses with difficulty to a bead, coloring theflame red.	Dissolves to a clear bead, which gives the lime-reaction.	As in borax.	Behaves as lime. The alkaline mass laid onsilver and moistened gives the sulphur-reaction.	Gives the sulphuric-acid reaction.
Apatite	... . {Cl . .. Ca{—— + 3Ca3P {Fl
Occasionally decrepitates and gives off somewater.	—	—	IV. Previously dipped in SO3 colors the flamegreen, afterwards red.	Dissolves easily and when in some quantity givesan opaline bead.	Gives the lime-reaction.	Is infusible. The alkali is absorbed, leavingthe lime on the on the surface of the charcoal.	With microcosmic salt and oxide of copper, givesthe chlorine-reaction. With microcosmic salt inthe open tube evolves fluorine.
Pharmacolite	. ... . Ca2As + 6H.
Gives off water, and emits an arsenical odor.	—	Fuses to an opaque bead and emits a strong smellof arsenic.	Fuses to a translucent violet colored bead, thecolor being due to cobalt. Colors the flame blueat first, then faintly red.	Dissolves readily to a bead strongly colored bycobalt, which obscures the lime-reaction.	As in borax.	Fuses, and emits As. The alkali is then absorbedby the charcoal, as in the preceding.	—
Calespar	. .. CaC.
Turns white and sometimes decrepitates. Stronglyheated loses CO2 and becomes caustic.	—	Turns white, or brown if containing much iron ormanganese and glows brilliantly.	Glows brilliantly, coloring the flame red.Becomes caustic and shows a strong alkalinereaction.	Dissolves with evolution of CO2 and when puregives the lime-reaction. The bead is generallymore or less colored by iron and manganese.	As in borax.	Fuses, and behaves as other lime-salts.	Dissolves with effervescence in cold HCl.
Fluorspar	CaFl
Phosphoresces with various colors, when heatedin the dark.	—	Fuses easily to a clear bead, which becomes opaqueon cooling, then loses fluorine, glows brilliantlyand becomes infusible.	As on charcoal. Colors the flame red.	Gives the lime-reaction.	As in borax.	Fuses to a clear bead, opaque on cooling. Withan addition of the alkali behaves as lime.	With microcosmic salt in open tube gives thefluorine-reaction.

MAGNESIA.