Cassell's History of England, Vol. 3 (of 8) / From the Great Rebellion to the Fall of Marlborough. - Anonymous

The disgrace of Marlborough was now completed. On the 21st of December he had been charged in the House of Commons with having made use of his command of the army to make enormous sums of money at the expense of the men; that he had appropriated one hundred and seventy-seven thousand pounds by taking two and a half per cent. on all subsidies for foreign troops maintained by England, and sixty-three thousand pounds from Sir Solomon de Medina and Antonio Alvarez Machado, the Jew contractors for bread for the army; that his secretary, Cardonnel, had exacted five hundred gold ducats from the contractors each time a new contract was signed, all which had to be taken out of the quality of the food or clothing of the soldiers. The queen therefore wrote to him, informing him that as there was a serious charge made against him by the Commissioners of Accounts, she thought it best to dismiss him from all his employments in order that the matter might be impartially investigated. Nor did she neglect to add that the conduct of his wife towards herself had made her more willing to adopt this measure.

Marlborough, in defence, pleaded to the queen, as he had to the Commissioners of Inquiry, that he had appropriated nothing which had not been the established perquisites of the commander-in-chief of the army in the Low Countries both before the Revolution and since; and that, whatever sums he had received from those sources, he had employed in the service of the public in keeping secret correspondence, and in getting intelligence of the enemy's motions and designs; and that, and he could certainly say it with justice, he had employed this money so successfully, that he had on no occasion suffered himself to be surprised, but had often been able to surprise and defeat the enemy. To this cause, next to the blessing of God and the bravery of the troops, he attributed most of the advantages of the war. There can be little doubt that Marlborough made the best of the power granted him for appropriating these sums; that was his weak point; but he does not appear to have exceeded the letter of his warrant; and the truth is that the system itself was more in fault than the general.

But notwithstanding Marlborough's proofs that his appropriations were according to long-established custom, the Commons admitted no such plea. They voted that the two and a half per cent. deducted by him from the pay of the foreign troops was public money, and that he ought to account for it. They threatened to institute proceedings for its recovery through the law officers of the Crown, and they expelled Cardonnel, the duke's secretary, from the House for his receipt of the fees mentioned in the contracts. They had the satisfaction, also, of punishing Robert Walpole, one of Marlborough's most staunch defenders, for taking, when Secretary of War, five hundred guineas, and a note for five hundred more, on the signing of a contract for forage for her Majesty's troops quartered in Scotland. The deed deserved punishment, but it was one which all secretaries perpetrated equally with Walpole, as he showed, and which would never have been noticed had Walpole yielded to the Tory entreaties and carried his great abilities to their side. They, however, voted the fact a high breach of trust, and of notorious corruption, and ordered his expulsion from the House and his committal to the Tower. The borough of Lynn, which Walpole represented, immediately re-elected him; but the Commons pronounced him incapable of sitting in that Parliament, and declared the election void.

INDEX

Abjuration Oath, The, [423].
Adjutators, The, [62].
"Agreement of the People," The, [84].
Aghrim, Battle of, [446].
Allegiance and Supremacy, Act of, [238].
Allen, plot against Cromwell, [130].
Almanza, Battle of, [576].
Amboyna, the massacre of Englishmen by Dutch, [111].
America, Rise of colonies in, [167].
Anabaptists denounce Cromwell, [124];
outbreak among, [140].
Anne, Queen, reconciled with William, [479];
succeeds to the throne, [535];
speech to Parliament, her Tory bias, [536];
coronation of, [538];
Jacobite plot against, [547];
"Bounty," [549];
the union between England and Scotland, [573];
letter from the Pretender, [602].
Apprentices, London, petition the Commons, [5];
fight at Westminster, [6].
Architecture during the Stuart period, [371].
Argyll, Earl of, in conflict with Montrose, [42];
defeated by Montrose, [43].
Argyll, Marquis of, Execution of, [202].
Argyll, Earl of ([9]th Earl), accused of high treason, [272];
expedition against James II., [296];
capture and execution of, [297].
Army, Reduction of the standing, [502]-[507].
Arundel Marbles, The, [186].
Ashburnham, Lord, [51].
Assembly, The General, address to Charles I., [43].
"Assize, The Bloody," [304]-[306];
trial of Lady Alice Lisle, interference of James II., [305];
at Exeter and Taunton, [306].
Association for defence of the king, [488].
Athlone, Capture of, [443]-[445].
Ayscough, Admiral Sir George, the reduction of Barbadoes, suspected of Royalist sympathies by Parliament, [112].
Baden, Prince of, the war against Louis XIV., [552];
jealousy of Marlborough, [552], [554].
Bank of England established, [471].
Barclay, plot against William III., [485].
"Barebone's Parliament," [119].
Baxter, Richard, [363].
Beachy Head, Battle of, [434].
Beaumont, Francis, [175].
Bedloe, the informer, [254].
Benbow, Admiral, [541].
Berkeley, Sir John, [71], [72];
messenger between Charles I. and Cromwell, [74].
Bishops, Trial of the Seven, [328]-[331];
public sympathy during, [330];
the acquittal, [331].
Blake, Admiral Robert, siege of Lyme Regis, [30];
conflicts with Prince Rupert, [110];
encounters van Tromp, [112];
defeats the Dutch fleet, [123];
expedition against France, [134];
and expedition against Spain, [136];
battle of Santa Cruz, [143];
death of, [144].
Blenheim, Battle of, [555].
Bolingbroke, Lord, [594];
correspondence with the Pretender, [602].
Borlase, Sir John, [2].
Bothwell Brig, Battle of, [263].
Boyd, Rev. Zachary, preaches against Cromwell, [105].
Boyne, Battle of the, [430].
Bradshaw, John, arraignment of Charles I., [86]-[88];
arguments against the absolutism of kings, [87].
Breda, Charles II. at, [162];
Declaration of, [163].
Bristol, Earl of, charge against Charles II., [211].
Bristol, Siege of, [44].
Browne, Sir Thomas, [183].
Browne, William, [180].
Buckingham, Lord, [227].
Burnet, Bishop, memorial to William of Orange, [336];
on tithes, [548];
unpopularity with the Tories, [591].
Butler, Samuel, [358].
Byng, Admiral Sir George, [580].
Cabal, The, [227], [238].
Cameronians, The, [271].
Capel, Lord, impeached of high treason by the Commons, [12];
trial and execution of, [94].
Carew, Thomas, [178].
Carisbrooke Castle, Charles I. at, [73].
"Case of the Army," The, [71].
Catherine of Portugal, marriage to Charles II., [205].
Catholics, Injunctions against, in Ireland, [2];
massacre of Protestants, resolution by Parliament, [3];
secret sympathy of Charles I. with, [286];
efforts of James II. in favour of, [311];
a Privy Council of, livings in the Church of England given to, [312];
triumph in England, riots in London, [314];
trial of "Julian" Johnson, crusade against Protestantism in Scotland and Ireland, [315], [316];
dismissal of Rochester and Clarendon, [318];
the Declaration of Indulgence, [319];
policy of William of Orange, [320];
supremacy in the Universities, [325];
opposition to James II. by Protestant bishops, [327];
an army of Irish, [332];
memorial to William of Orange, concessions to Protestants by James II., [336];
William's declaration, [338].
Cevennes, Insurrections in the, [544].
Chalgrove, Battle at, [20].
Chapman, Thomas, [174].
Charles I. receives a deputation of Catholics, [2];
chagrined at proceedings of the Commons, presented with the "Remonstrance," speech to the Commons, [4];
prepares articles of high treason against five Commoners, visit to the Houses of Parliament, [7];
decides on war, passes two important bills, [8];
receives declaration from Parliament, retires to York, [10];
fails in his attempt to enter Hull, [11];
insists on his demands, raises his standard at Nottingham, [14];
his inconsistency, Battle of Edgehill, [15];
scheme for the extinction of Parliament, [27];
defeats Parliamentary troops under Essex, [30];
tries accommodation, [35];
propositions from the Scots, [36];
battle of Naseby, [39], [40];
flight into Wales, [42];
endeavours to join Montrose, [44];
ruin virtually complete, [46];
proposals contemptuously treated by Parliament, [48];
disavowal of treaty with Irish Catholics, [49];
offer of negotiations to Parliament, [50];
flight from Oxford, [51];
surrenders to the Scots, [52];
endeavours to raise army from Ireland and France, discusses Episcopacy and Presbytery, [55];
meditates escape from England, [57];
his stubbornness, [70];
escape from Hampton Court, at Carisbrooke Castle, [72];
a close prisoner, [74];
reaction in his favour, [75];
resolve regarding Presbyterianism, [80];
concessions, at Hurst Castle, [82];
his trial, [86]-[88];
execution, [90].
Charles II. proclaimed king in Scotland, [92];
reception among the Scots, [101];
agrees to take the Covenant, [102];
demands by the Assembly, [108];
attempted flight, concessions by the Covenanters, [104];
crowned at Scone, invades England, defeated at Worcester, escapes to Normandy, [106];
his proclamation from Paris, [124];
his life in France, [132];
rising in England in his favour, [154];
his character, [193];
first Privy Council, [194];
his marriage, [205];
loss of prestige to France, [210];
war with Holland, [214];
the Treaty of Dover, [231];
his embarrassments, [267];
described by Macaulay, [287];
his illness and death, [287], [288];
coins of, [373].
Chancery, Reform of the Court of, [126].
Chillingworth, [182].
Churchill (see Marlborough).
Clarendon, Lord, supports Charles I., [12];
quoted, [52], [65], [149];
his view of Cromwell, [68];
reply to Parliament in favour of Charles I., [75];
influence at the Court of Charles II., [198], [206];
fall of, [225];
character of, [226].
Claverhouse, Graham of, [264];
exertions in favour of James II., [407];
death at Killiecrankie, [408].
Clonmel attacked by Cromwell, [100].
Clotworthy, Sir John, on the Irish Papists, [2].
Coaching in the time of Charles II., [381].
Coins at the time of Charles II., [373];
in the reign of William and Mary, [483].
Colepepper, Sir John, [12].
Commerce under Cromwell, [384];
under the Stuarts, [386]-[388];
value with America and the West Indies, [391].
Commonwealth, The, [90];
difficulties with Portugal, acknowledged by Spain, [110];
war with Holland, [110], [114];
treaties with Holland, France, Denmark, Portugal and Sweden, [123].
Conformity Bill, The, [204].
Conventicle Act, The, [212].
Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, [122].
Costumes in the Stuart period, [191], [377].
Coventry, Lord, impeached of high treason by the Commons, [12].
Coventry, Sir John, [233].
Cowley, Abraham, popularity as a poet, [358].
Crashaw, Thomas, [178].
Cromwell, Henry, [154].
Cromwell, Oliver, remarks on the "Remonstrance," [4];
takes a commission in the Parliamentary army, [13];
his military tact, [18];
his success as a General, [20];
Battle of Marston Moor, [29];
irritated by Parliament's inaction, [30];
charge against the Earl of Manchester, proposes the "Self-denying Ordinance," his genius in War, [39];
victories, [47];
his character, [68];
defeats Royalists at Preston, invited to Edinburgh, [78];
war in Ireland, [97]-[100];
captures Dublin, [98];
deplorable fanaticism of, [99];
appointed commander-in-chief, invades Scotland, [103];
defeats Leslie, [104];
at Glasgow, [105];
victory at Worcester, [106];
arrival in London, [107];
meditates kingly power, [116];
dissolves the Long Parliament, [118];
constitutes a Parliament in his own name, [119];
becomes Lord Protector, [121];
installation as Protector, [122];
plan against Royalist outbreaks, [131];
dispute with Spain, [133];
great speech to Parliament, [136];
refuses the crown, [142];
inauguration at the head of the Government, makes war against Spain, [144];
his last Parliament, [147];
last days of, [148];
death of, [150].
Cromwell, Richard, succeeds to the Protectorate, difficulties with the army, [150];
his power ceases, [152];
abdicates, [154].
Cudworth, William, [182].
Cutts, Lord, at the Battle of Blenheim, [555].
Dalrymple, Sir James, influence in Scottish affairs, [403].
Danby, Earl, Impeachment of, [257];
imprisoned in the Tower, [259].
Dangerfield, the informer, [266].
Daniel, Samuel, [176].
Darien expedition, The, [512];
its miserable end, [514].
"Declaration of Indulgence," [319].
Defoe denounces the Occasional Conformity Bill, [559];
quoted, [570].
Delamere, Lord, Trial of, [309].
Denbigh, Earl of, Commission to Charles I., [36].
Denham, Sir John, [176], [361].
Denmark, Prince George of, [583].
De Ruyter, in command of the Dutch fleet, [111];
victory over the English, defeated by Blake, [112].
De Torcy, French ambassador, [586].
Devonshire, Earl of, impeached of high treason by the Commons, [12].
De Witt, in command of the Dutch fleet, [111];
defeated by Blake, [112];
his "Interest of Holland," [387].
Digby, Lord, [49];
letter from Charles I., [53].
Donne, John, [177].
Dorislaus, Dr., assassinated by Royalists, [96].
Dover, Earl of, impeached of high treason by the Commons, [12].
Dover, Treaty of, [231].
Dramatic writing under the Stuarts, [361], [378].
Drayton, Michael, [176].
Drogheda, Storming of, by Cromwell, [98].
Drumclog, Battle of, [263].
Drummond of Hawthornden, [177].
Dryden, John, [318];
poems of, [359];
prose, [362].
Dublin, Capture by Cromwell, [98].
Dunbar, Battle of, [104].
Dundee, Viscount (see Claverhouse).
Dunkirk, Siege of, [147].
Dutch, attack by fleet on the Thames, [223];
defeated at Southwold Bay, [235].
Dykvelt, Dutch ambassador at the English court, [320];
efforts in behalf of the Prince of Orange, [321].
East India Company, Origin of the, [166];
bill for regulating the trade of, [450].
Edgehill, Battle of, [15].
"Engagement," The, [92].
"Engagers," [96].
Engraving at the time of Charles II., [373].
Episcopacy, Charles I. discusses with Alexander Henderson, [55].
Essex, Earl of, appointed commander of the Parliamentary army, [13];
victory at Edgehill, [15], [16];
rewarded by Parliament, [116];
his dilatory spirit, [19];
victories, receives overtures from Charles I., defeated, [30];
resignation of, [33].
Eugene, Prince, in command with Marlborough, [554];
the battle of Lutzingen, [556].
Evelyn, John, [363].
Exclusion Bill, The, [261].
Fairfax, Lord, his Parliament sympathy, [14];
appointed commander-in-chief of the Parliament army, [32];
the battle of Naseby, [39];
mediates between the army and Parliament, [62];
enters London, [67];
attitude to the king, [68];
disturbances in London, [77];
trial of Charles I., [86];
resigns his command, [102];
re-appointed to leading command, resigns office, [103];
his Royalist leanings, [158].
Falkland, Lord, his defection from the Parliament ranks, [12];
death of, character of, [23].
Fenwick, Sir John, plot against William III., [491];
trial of, [495].
Feversham, Lord, [300].
Fifth-Monarchy men, [124];
Cromwell's speech in regard to the, [127];
rising at Mile-end, [140].
Fire of London, The, [219].
Firmin, Mr., benevolent scheme in regard to pauperism, [394].
Flamsteed, the astronomer, [367].
Fleetwood, General, appointed Cromwell's deputy in Ireland, [107];
policy of, [151].
Fletcher, John, [175].
Fletcher of Saltoun, [272], [295];
opposed to the union between England and Scotland, [571].
Fox, George, [352].
France, treaty with Cromwell, [135];
war in the Netherlands, [144];
opposition to William III., [425].
Friends, The Society of, [229];
persecution in America, [354];
efforts in regard to the Abjuration Bill, [532].
Fuller, Thomas, [183].
Galway, Earl of, in command against Louis XIV. in Spain, [567].
Gaultier, Abbé, [602].
"Gerard, Generous," [125].
Germany, Emperor of, Agreement between, and the Allies, [544].
Gibbons, Dr., music of, [183].
Gibbons, Grinling, the sculptor, [372].
Gibraltar, Capture of, [559];
efforts by Spain for its recovery, [562].
Glamorgan, Earl of, commission from Charles I. to the Irish Catholics, [48].
Godfrey, Sir Edmundbury, Murder of, [250].
Godolphin, Lord, appointed Lord Treasurer, [536].
Gordon, Duke of, [404].
Goring, Colonel, in command of Royalist troops, [76], [78];
trial of, [93].
Graham, John, of Claverhouse (see Claverhouse).
Granville, Mr., speech at the accession of Queen Anne, [536].
Gregg, William, executed for high treason, [579].
Grenville, Sir Richard, [82].
Guiscard, Marquis of, [600].
Habeas Corpus Act, Suspension of the, [401].
Hague, Treaty of the, [243].
Hale, Sir Matthew, [126].
Halifax, Earl of, character of, [261];
his policy as "Trimmer," [282];
opposition from Duke of York, [285];
superseded by Rochester, [290];
pamphlet by, [482].
Hamilton, Duke of, opposition to the union between England and Scotland, [571].
Hamilton, Marquis of, policy of the, his duplicity, [24];
leads a Scots army into England, [77];
defeated by Cromwell at Preston, [78];
executed by order of the Commonwealth, [94].
Hammond, Colonel, [72].
Hampden, John, his gentleness, [2];
impeached, [7];
takes a commission in the Parliamentary army, [13];
death at Chalgrove, character of, [20].
Hampton Court, Charles I. at, [71].
Harcourt, Sir Simon, Bill in regard to union between England and Scotland, [573].
Harley, Earl of Oxford, elected Speaker, [530];
accused of Jacobite sympathy, dismissed from office, [579];
efforts against the Whigs, [588];
raised to the Peerage, [600];
secret negotiations with France, [602].
Harrison, Colonel, at the battle of Naseby, [39];
his fanaticism, [124];
imprisoned in the Tower, [128].
Harvey, Dr. W., [366].
Haversham, Lord, [563].
Hazelrig, Impeachment of, by Charles I., [7].
Heinsius, Dutch Chancellor, [550], [574].
Henrietta, Queen, reception in Holland, [8];
her powers of fascination, [18];
flight to France, [30].
Herbert, George, [179].
Herrick, Robert, [178].
Hill, Abigail, [578].
Hobbes, Thomas, [362].
Holland, Earl of, Royalist rising under, [78];
executed by order of the Commonwealth, [94].
Holland, jealousy of the Commonwealth, [110];
birth of William III., maritime greatness, [111];
war with England, [111]-[114];
fleet defeated by Blake, treaty with England, [123].
Holles, impeached by Charles I., [7].
Holmby, Charles I. at, [59].
Hooke, Colonel, Jacobite plot by, [378].
Hotham, Sir John, defence of Hull against Charles I., [10];
proclaimed a traitor, [11].
Howard, Lord, of Charlton, impeached of high treason by the Commons, [12].
Hyde, Lawrence (see Rochester).
Hyde (see Clarendon).
Incorporated companies, [167].
Indemnity, Bill of, [195].
Independents, difficulties with the Presbyterians, [59];
their hour of triumph, treatment of Charles I., [68].
Indies, Expedition to the West, by fleet of Parliament, [135].
Indulgence, The Declaration of, [318].
Industries introduced by foreign refugees, [389].
Inquiry, Bill for Commission of, [222].
"Instrument of Government," The, [122].
Ireland, Rebellion in, [1], [3];
massacre, [3];
Catholic confederacy, [26];
war in, [97]-[100];
claims under Charles II., [200];
government under James II., [316];
exertions of James II. against Protestantism, [410];
revolution under Tyrconnel, [411];
landing of James II., [412];
siege of Londonderry, [413]-[416];
James's Parliament, [417];
battle of the Boyne, [430];
defence of Limerick, [432];
capture of Athlone, [443]-[445].
Ireton, General, at the battle of Naseby, [39];
his opinion regarding Charles I., [72];
the "Agreement of the People," [84];
his command in Ireland, death of, [107].
Jacobites, outcry against the Scottish union, [570];
great zeal in Scotland, [606].
Jamaica, Capture of, [135].
James I., commerce under, [165];
coinages by, [171];
costume during the reign of, [190];
prices, [192].
James II., speech to the Privy Council, [289];
cabinet of, [290];
openly avows Roman Catholicism, [291], [310];
policy with Louis XIV., [291];
difficulties with Parliament, [307];
counsellors of, [310];
acts of opposition to the Church, [312]-[314];
religious persecution in Scotland, [316];
his government in Ireland, [316]-[318];
the Declaration of Indulgence, [318];
absolute power of, [319];
pays homage to the Papal Nuncio, outrages in army affairs, [323];
encroachments on the universities, [325];
a new Declaration of Indulgence, [327];
decay of power, [332];
his wrongheadedness, [334];
concessions on approach of William of Orange, [336];
utterly deserted, [343];
flight from London, [344];
capture and return, [346]-[347];
escape to France, [348];
coins of, [373];
letter to the Scottish Convention, [404];
landing in Ireland, forms a Privy Council, [412];
his Irish Parliament, [417];
his legislation in Ireland, [418];
his Irish army, [427];
defeat at the Boyne, [431];
declaration, [459];
death of, [529].
Jeffreys, Lord, Chief Justice at Chester, [274];
gift from Charles II., [284];
brutal character of, [285];
the Bloody Assize, [304].
Jermyn, Lord, [46].
Jews, petition to Parliament for permitting them to live in England, [136].
Johnson, "Julian," [315].
Jonson, Ben, [175].
Joyce, Cornet, seizes Charles I., [63].
Junto, The Whig, [583].
Juxon, Bishop, [55].
Killiecrankie, Battle of, [408].
"Killing no Murder," [139].
Kilsyth, Battle of, [44].
Kimbolton, Lord, Impeachment of, [7].
Kirby, the informer, [247].
"Kirke's Lambs," [303].
La Hogue, Battle of, [460].
Lambert, General, appointed deputy in Ireland, [107];
trial under Charles II., [207].
Landen, Battle of, [467].
Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, capture of Berwick, [77].
Laud, Archbishop, impeachment of, executed, [34]-[35].
Lauderdale, Earl of, [203].
Lauzun, Marshal, [428].
League and Covenant, The Solemn, [25].
Leibnitz, [366].
Leicester, Earl of, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [3].
Leighton, Archbishop, [203].
Lely, the painter, [371].
Lenthall, the Speaker, [7], [128].
Leslie, General Sir David, in command of the Scottish cavalry, [44];
defeats Montrose, [46];
defeated by Cromwell at Cockburnspath, [104];
receives overtures from Charles I., [55];
defeat at Dunbar, [104].
Levellers, The, vow against Cromwell and the king, [71];
turbulence of, [94].
Leven, Earl of, [44], [103].
Levesey, Sir Michael, [78].
Lilburne, Colonel, Character of, [71];
advocates a Republic, [94];
tried for sedition, [120].
Lille, Capture of, by the Allies, [582].
"Lillibulero," [332].
Lindsay, Lord, at the battle of Edgehill, [15], [16].
Lisle, Sir George, shot by Parliamentary troops, [78].
Literature in the Stuart period, [355] et seqq.
Locke, John, proposal regarding coinage, [483].
Lockhart, Sir William, Cromwell's ambassador at the Hague, [147].
London, Defence against Charles I., [16];
growth of, [168];
moral condition under the Stuarts, [188], [379];
the Great Plague, [215]-[16];
the Great Fire, [219];
terror at the French invasion under Tourville, [434];
great storm of [170]4, [547].
Londonderry, Siege of, [413]-[416].
Long Parliament, The, Cromwell's address to the, [118];
the coup d'état, [118]-[119].
Louis XIV., in league with Cromwell against Spain, [144];
war with Holland, [235], [243];
joins with James II. against William of Orange, [334];
decay of power, [498];
designs in Spain, [505];
proclaims the son of James II. King of England, [529];
inroads on the German Empire, [546];
great exertions against the Allies, [564];
emissaries in Scotland in support of the Pretender, [579];
active operations on the Continent, [580];
capture of Lille, rejects propositions of peace, [582];
ruinous effects of his ambition, [583];
sues for peace with Holland, [584];
his terms of peace, [585];
the forty articles, refuses the ultimatum of the Allies, [586];
fall of Tournay, battle of Malplaquet, [587];
renews overtures for peace, [595].
Lucas, Sir Charles, shot by Parliamentary troops, [78].
Ludlow, Colonel, denounces Charles I., [80];
fanaticism of, dislike to Cromwell, [124].
Lunsford, Colonel, appointed Lieutenant of the Tower, [5].
Macaulay quoted, [224].
Mackay, General, in command in Scotland, [406];
battle of Killiecrankie, [408].
Mackenzie, Sir George, [364].
Maguire, Cornelius, Irish rebel leader, [1].
Malplaquet, Battle of, [587].
Manchester, Earl of, disputes with Cromwell, [30].
Marlborough, Duke of, in command in Ireland, [437];
character of, [440], [451];
dismissed from office, [452];
imprisonment, [460];
receives the Order of the Garter from Queen Anne, appointed Captain-General of the English army, [536];
influence of his party, commander-in-chief, [538];
in command on the Rhine, his bold plans, [539];
warm welcome in England, alienation from the Tories, [542];
the Toleration Act, [543];
campaign in Flanders, [544]-[545];
campaign on the Moselle, [550];
assault on Schellenberg, [552];
battle of Blenheim, [555];
third campaign against the French, [560];
battle of Ramillies, [565];
wane of his party influence, [578];
battle of Oudenarde, [580];
battle of Malplaquet, [587];
decline of power, [596];
end of his influence, [598];
in disgrace, [599];
opposition to his efforts by the Tories, [602];
his fall, [607];
the charges brought against him, his defence, [608].
Marston Moor, Battle of, [28].
Marten, Henry, [91].
Marvell, Andrew, [360].
Mary, Princess, at the Dutch Court, [8].
Massinger, Philip, [175].
Mayday, Celebration of, [383].
Mazarin, [47], [133].
Meal-Tub Plot, The, [266].
Middleton, Thomas, [175].
Mildmay, Sir Henry, [83].
Militia Bill, Opposition of Charles I. to, [11].
Milton, John, [91];
his prose, [182];
his Republican sympathy, [355];
Paradise Lost, [356].
Ministers' Bill, The, [195].
Monk, General, policy in Scotland, [108];
his reserve, [155];
march to London, [159];
proclaims a full and free Parliament, [160];
secretly working for the Restoration, [162];
receives Charles II. at Dover, [165];
commander-in-chief, [194].
Monmouth, Duke of, [263];
popularity of, [266];
makes a royal progress through the provinces, [273];
proclamation for his apprehension, [277];
reconciliation with his father, [282];
at the Court of Holland, [286];
expelled from Holland, his reception in England, [298];
political blunder of, [299];
battle of Sedgemoor, [301];
death of, [303].
Monmouth, Earl of, impeached by the Commons, [12].
Mons captured by Louis XIV., [439].
Montagu, Lord, [256].
Montreuil, negotiation with Scots on behalf of Charles I., [50].
Montrose, Marquis of, policy of, [24];
unfurls the royal standard at Dumfries, at Blair Athol, defeats Elcho, [42];
attack on Argyleshire, defeats Argyll, defeats John Ury, [43];
a second victory over Baillie, [44];
fame of, rising in favour of Charles II., [101];
defeat in Ross-shire, betrayal of, execution, [102].
Moore, Roger, incites the Irish against England, [2].
Mountjoy, Lord, Treachery of James II. towards, [411].
"Muggletonians," [355].
Muscovy Company, The, [167].
Music under the Puritans, [373];
in the time of Charles II., [374].
Namur, captured by Louis XIV., [454];
second siege, [480];
fall of, [481].
Nantes, Edict of, revocation of by Louis XIV., [307].
Napier, Lord, of Merchiston, [366].
Naseby, Battle of, [39].
Navigation Act, passed by Parliament, [111];
in operation, [388];
growth of trading companies, [390].
Navy, English, in the Stuart period, [386].
Netherlands, Disturbances in the, [147].
"Neuters," [115].
Newbury, Battle of, [22].
Newcastle, Marquis of, in command of the Royalist army, [26];
Battle of Marston Moor, [28].
Newmarket, meeting of Parliament soldiers, [62].
Newport, Lord, controversy with the king, [6].
Newton, Sir Isaac, [366].
Nonconformists, The, [352].
Non-Jurors, Rise of the faction of, [399].
Northumberland, Earl of, Lord High Admiral, under Parliament, [10], [11].
Nottingham, Charles I. raises his standard at, [14].
"Novum Organum," The, [181].
Oates, Titus, the Popish plot, his story before the Council, [248];
imitators of, [250];
effect upon the people, [251];
his real character, [252];
his forgeries, [253];
impeachments by, [255];
convicted of perjury, [292].
Oath, Coronation, of William and Mary, [403].
Occasional Conformity Bill, The, [543], [547].
O'Connelly, Sir John, [2].
O'Neil, Sir Phelim, [2];
the Irish massacre of [164]1, [3].
Orange, Prince of, [587].
Orange, William of (see William III.).
Ordinance, The Self-denying, [31].
Ormond, Earl, makes terms with Parliament, [55];
leader of the Irish Royalists, [97];
secret visit to England on behalf of Charles I., [147];
unfair treatment by James II., [290].
"Orrery Letters," The, [144].
Oudenarde, Battle of, [580].
Overton, Colonel, plot against Cromwell, [130].
Owen, Sir John, Trial of, by Parliament, [93].
Oxford, Charles I. at, [18];
Parliament at, [27], [268];
declaration by the University of, [279].
Pack, Sir Christopher, "Remonstrance" against Cromwell by, [139].
Painting during the Stuart period, [371].
Papal Nuncio, James II. pays homage to the, [323].
Parker, Dr., effort of James II. to install him at Magdalen College, [324].
Parliament, discussion with Charles I., [18];
makes a new Great Seal, [19];
further propositions to Charles I., [38];
treaties with the Scots regarding possession of Charles I., [54];
resolution in regard to the Constitution, [76];
condemns Charles I., [86]-[88];
dishonesty under Charles II., [242].
Parliament, The Little, [119].
Parsons, Sir William, [1].
Partition Treaty, The, [523].
Paterson, William, projector of the Bank of England, [510].
Pauperism under the Stuarts, plan for decrease of, by Yarranton, [393];
benevolent scheme of Firmin, [394].
Penn, William, [229].
Pension Parliament, The, [258].
Pepys, Samuel, [364].
Peterborough, Earl of, his able generalship, assault of Barcelona, [562];
brilliant exploits in Spain, [563].
Peters, Hugh, [97], [198].
"Petition and Advice," The, [145];
legality of, debated in Parliament, [151].
Petre, Father, Jesuit Provincial, at the court of James II., [311].
Petty, Sir William, on mercantile shipping, [386].
Philiphaugh, Battle of, [46].
Plague, The Great, [215], [216].
Plymouth Adventuress, The, [167].
Poets during the Stuart period, [174].
Post Office, Origin of the English, [388].
Poynings' Act, [38].
Presbyterians, difference from Independents, [59];
treaty with Charles I., [79];
condition under Charles II., [196];
assailed in Scotland, [212].
Press, Liberty of the, [466], [482].
Preston, Battle of, [78].
"Pride's Purge," [83].
Prose writers during the Stuart period, [362].
Protestantism, declaration of William III., [397].
Prynne, William, his efforts against Laud, [34].
Purcell, Henry, [374].
Pym, [26].
Quakers, The (see Society of Friends).
Quebec, Expedition to, [601].
Rainsborough, Colonel, revolt of fleet in favour of Charles I., [76].
Raleigh, Sir Walter, [166].
Ramillies, Battle of, [565].
Remonstrance on the state of the kingdom, composition of, [4].
Resumption Bill, The, [517].
Revenue in the Stuart period, [385].
Rights, Declaration of, [350];
Bill of, [423].
Rochester, Earl of, Prime Minister, [310];
love of office, [317];
fall of, [318];
loyalty to James II., [344];
declares for William, [345].
Rooke, Admiral Sir George, expedition to Cadiz, [540];
Battle of Vigo Bay, [541];
Capture of Gibraltar, [559].
Rosen, General, at the siege of Londonderry, his savagery, [415].
Royal Society, Founding of the, [365].
Rubens, [186].
Rullion Green, Battle of, [223].
Rump, The, origin of the name, [83];
influence in political affairs, [152], [153].
Rupert, Prince, his style of warfare, [16];
battle at Chalgrove, [19];
victories by, [27];
surrenders Bristol, character of, [44];
carries on the war by sea, [109].
Russell, Lord William, [278];
trial and execution of, [279].
Rye House Plot, The, [276].
Ryswick, Treaty of, [501].
Sacheverell, Dr. Henry, accused of high treason, [588];
taken into custody, [590];
riots by partisans, [591];
trial of, [592], [593].
Sales, Bill of, [195].
Sancroft, Archbishop, Trial of, [328].
Schomberg, Marshal, [416];
arrival in Ireland, [427];
death at the Battle of the Boyne, [430].
Scone, Charles II. crowned at, [106].
Scotland, dealings with the Parliament, invasion of England, [24];
army crosses the Tweed, [27];
propositions of leaders to Charles I., [35];
rising under Montrose, [101], [102];
invaded by Cromwell, Cromwell's military stations, [103];
Charles II. crowned at Scone, [106];
disaffection to Cromwell, [124];
claims under Charles II., [200], [201];
persecutions by Charles II., Presbyterianism assailed, [212];
the Covenanters, [222];
continued religious persecutions, [262], [283], [316];
meeting of Parliament, [292];
the triumph of Presbytery, meeting of the Convention, [403];
Jacobite rising, [407]-[410];
affairs under William and Mary, [435];
Massacre of Glencoe, [456];
Parliament of William and Mary, [478];
excitement against the Orange ministry, [510];
enthusiasm in the Darien expedition, [512];
indignation against William, [514];
union with England, [567].
"Scourers, The," [379].
Sedgemoor, Battle of, [301].
"Seekers," The, [354].
Self-denying Ordinance, The, [32].
Sexby, Colonel, at the court of Madrid, [134];
attempt of Popish invasion, [137].
Seymour, Sir Edward, [294].
Shaftesbury, Earl of (First Earl), attacks on Popery, [261];
schemes of rebellion, [274];
death of, character of, [275].
Shakespeare, [173].
Sharp, Archbishop, [203];
murder of, [263].
Sheldon. Dr., [55].
Sherlock, Bishop, proposal in favour of James II. at the Revolution, [349].
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, [559];
in command of the English fleet, [576];
wreck and death of, [577].
Sidney, Algernon, Trial and execution of, [280]-[282].
Sindercomb, attempt to assassinate Cromwell, [138].
Solemn League and Covenant, The, [25].
Somers, Lord, [506];
forced to resign the Lord Chancellorship, [517];
trial of, [527];
integrity of, [535].
Spain, acknowledges the Commonwealth, [110];
dispute with Cromwell, [133];
visit of king Charles to England, [546];
collapse of his power, [567].
Spencer, Earl of Northampton, impeached of high treason by the Commons, [12].
Sport under Charles II., [380].
Stafford, Lord, Trial and execution of, [267].
Steam-engine introduced into England, [369].
St. John, Oliver, chief justice under the Commonwealth, [91].
Strode impeached, [7].
Suckling, Sir John, [178].
Sunderland, Earl of, Prime Minister under Charles II., character of, [259];
intrigues in behalf of James II., [310];
treason to James II., [338].
Tallard, Marshal, [554].
Tangier, Settlement of, [207].
Tarbet, Lord, advice to William III. regarding the Highlands, [140], [407].
Tate, Mr., moves the self-denying ordinance, [32].
Temple, Sir William, [261], [308].
Test Act, Operation of the, [320].
Thurloe, John, secretary for the Parliament, [37];
secretary of the Parliamentary Council, [122];
Secretary of State, [125];
his alertness, [140], [407].
Tories, early conflicts with the Whigs, [420], [422];
efforts to gain power, [508];
rivalry with the Whigs under William III., [524];
influence under Queen Anne, Marlborough's alienation from the, [542].
Treason, Bill for regulating trials in cases of high, [450], [484].
Treaty of Ryswick, The, [501].
Treaty, The Partition, [523].
Triennial Act, The, [211].
"Triers," [122].
"Trimmers," The, [451].
Tuam, Archbishop of, killed in a skirmish, [48].
Turenne, Marshal, [144].
Turkey merchants, The, [167].
Tyrconnel, Earl of, appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, [318];
plot with James II. to hand over Ireland to Louis XIV., [325];
treacherous character of, [411].
Union between England and Scotland, The, [573].
Uxbridge, Meeting of Royalist and Parliamentary Commissioners at, [37].
Vane, Sir Harry, [83];
ability of, [207];
executed by Charles II., [208].
Vaudois, Massacre of the, [134].
Vaughan, Lord Chief Justice, the trial of Penn, noble defence of the rights of juries, [231].
Vendôme, Duke of, [580].
Venner, rising of Fifth-Monarchy men under, [140].
Verrio, Antonio, the painter, influence with Charles II., [371].
Vigo Bay, Battle of, [541].
Villeroi, Marshal, [565].
Waldenses, The, [439].
Waller, Edmund, [22].
Walton, Isaac, [363].
Warner, William, [176].
Warwick, Earl of, Admiral of the Parliamentary fleet, [78];
in league with the Royalists, [79].
Webster, John, [175].
Westminster Assembly, The, disagreement of Presbyterians and Independents, [34].
Wexford, capture by Cromwell, [99].
Whigs, the name "Whiggamores," [84];
keen rivalry with the Tories, [508], [524];
triumph under William and Mary, [530].
White, Robert, the engraver, [373].
Whitelock, [116], [142].
Wildman, Colonel, plot against Cromwell, [131].
William III., dauntless spirit and ready resource of, [236];
arrival in England, [242];
marriage to his cousin Princess Mary, [243];
conquests in the Netherlands, [244]-[246];
visit to England, [271];
his opinion of the Declaration of Indulgence, popularity in England, [320];
invited to expel James II., [331];
prepares to invade England, [332];
memorial in favour of, [335];
embarks for England, [338];
landing at Torbay, [339]-[342];
enters London, [348];
the succession difficulty, [349];
the Declaration of Rights, [350];
accession of, [396];
his first Ministry, [397];
settlement of the revenue, [399];
acknowledged king of Scotland, [406];
conflict with the Whigs, [419];
speech to Parliament, [423];
Irish campaign, [425];
his army in Ireland, [428];
battle of the Boyne, [430];
popularity with Parliament, [437];
with his army in the Netherlands, [452]-[456];
Continental campaign, [466];
reconciled with Anne, [479];
reception in London after capture of Namur, [482];
plot against, [485];
campaign in Flanders, [496];
triumphal entry into London, [501];
question as to the succession, [521];
illness, [530];
marks of the nation's confidence, [531];
fall from his horse, [533];
death of, [534];
appearance and character of, [402], [534].
Williams, Archbishop, attacked by a Puritan mob, address to the king, [6].
Winceby-on-the-Wolds, Battle at, [26].
Windebank, Colonel, [39].
Window tax, Origin of the, [483].
Wither, George, [178].
Worcester, Battle of, [106].
Worcester, Marquis of, [370].
Working classes, The, under the Stuarts, [391];
wages of artizans, enactments against free labour, [392].
Wroth, Sir Thomas, [74].
Yarranton, Mr., plan for decrease of pauperism, [393].
York, Duke of, in the custody of Parliament, [54];
escape to Holland, [75];
at the siege of Dunkirk, [148];
Admiral against the Dutch, [214];
victory at Southwold Bay, [235];
the Popish plot, [248];
opposes Monmouth, [264];
government in Scotland, [283] (see also James II.).
Young, Commodore, victory over the Dutch fleet, [111].
Zulestein, General, mission to England, [322];
messenger to James II. from William of Orange, [347].

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