THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE.

Accession of the Queen—Meeting of the Houses of Parliament—Scotland and Ireland—Power of Marlborough—The Revenue—Tory Colour of the Ministry—The Coronation—Declaration of War—Marlborough goes to the Seat of War—General Aspect of Affairs—Marlborough's Difficulties—His Campaign—Operations by Sea—Meeting of Parliament—Supply—Marlborough's Dukedom—The Occasional Conformity Bill—Dismissal of Rochester—Opening of the Campaign of 1703—Fall of Bonn—Failure to take Antwerp—Savoy and Portugal join the Allies—Visit of the Archduke Charles to England—The Storm—Jacobite Conspiracy—Ashby versus White—Queen Anne's Bounty—Marlborough's Great Plans—The States-General hoodwinked—His March—Dismay of the French—Junction with Eugene—Advance on the Danube—Assault of the Schellenberg—The Prince of Baden's Conceit—Approach of Tallard—The Eve of Blenheim—The Battle—Conclusion of the Campaign—Marlborough's Diplomacy—Capture of Gibraltar—Battle of Malaga—Proceedings in Parliament—The Campaign of 1705—Attempt to recover Gibraltar—Peterborough's Exploits in Spain—Proposal to Invite the Electress Sophia to England—Consequent Legislation—Battle of Ramillies—Eugene relieves Turin—Disasters in Spain—Meeting of the Commissioners for the Union—Condition of the Treaty—Opposition in Scotland—Riots in Edinburgh—Conduct of the Opposition—The Measure carried by Bribery—Its Discussion in the English Parliament—The Royal Assent given 535

[CHAPTER XVII.]

THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE (continued).

Negotiations for Peace—The Ministry becomes Whig—Harley—Marlborough and Charles of Sweden—The Allies in Spain—Battle of Almanza—The French Triumphant in Spain—Attack on Toulon—Destruction of Shovel's Fleet—Jacobitism in Scotland—First Parliament of Great Britain—Abigail Hill—The Gregg Affair—Retirement of Harley and St. John from the Ministry—Attempted Invasion of Scotland—Campaign of 1708—Battle of Oudenarde—Capture of Lille—Leake takes Sardinia and Minorca—Death of Prince George of Denmark—The Junto—Terrible Plight of France—Marlborough's Plans for 1709—Louis Negotiates with Holland—Torcy's Terms—Ultimatum of the Allies—Rejection of the Terms—Patriotism of the French Nation—Fall of Tournay—Battle of Malplaquet—Meeting of Parliament—Dr. Sacheverell's Sermons—His Impeachment resolved upon—Attitude of the Court—The Trial and Sacheverell's Defence—The Riots—Dispersal of the Rabble—The Sentence—Bias of the Queen—The Tories in Power—Renewed Overtures for Peace—Their Failure—The Campaigns in the Netherlands and in Spain—Brihuega and its Consequence—Marlborough's Reign at an End—Unpopularity of Marlborough—Dismissal of the Duchess—Triumph of the Tories—Guiscard's Attack on Harley—Popularity of Harley—Marlborough's Last Campaign—Failure of the Attack on Quebec—The Ministry determine to make Peace—Overtures to the Pretender—He refuses to Change his Religion—Gualtier's Mission to Versailles—Indignation of the Dutch—The Basis of Negotiations—Signing of the Preliminaries—Excitement Abroad and at Home—Prorogation of Parliament—Strengthening of the Ministry—Debates in the two Houses—The Whigs adopt the Occasional Conformity Bill—Creation of Peers—Dismissal of Marlborough from his Employments—Walpole expelled the House 574

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
Christ Church, Oxford, from St. Aldate's (looking West)[1]
The Clock Tower, Dublin Castle[5]
Charles demanding the Surrender of the Five Members[9]
Lord Falkland[13]
St. Mary's Church, Nottingham[17]
Hampden mortally Wounded at Chalgrove[21]
Archbishop Laud's Library, East Quadrangle, John's College,
Oxford[25]
Prince Rupert[28]
Siege-piece of Charles I.—Newark (Half-crown)[29]
Siege-piece of Charles I.—Pontefract (Shilling)[29]
Siege-piece of Charles I.—Beeston (Two Shillings)[29]
Siege-piece of Charles I.—Colchester (Ten Shillings, Gold)[29]
St. Margaret's, Westminster[33]
Interview between Charles and the Earl of Denbigh[36]
Roundhead Soldiers[37]
Charles at the Battle of Naseby[41]
Cavalier Soldiers[45]
Raglan Castle[49]
Flight of Charles from Oxford[53]
Queen Henrietta's Drawing-room and Bedroom, Merton
College, Oxford[57]
Lord Fairfax[61]
Cornet Joyce's Interview with Charles[64]
Fairfax House, Putney[65]
Lord Clarendon[69]
Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight[73]
Rising of the London Apprentices on behalf of Charles[76]
Execution of Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle[77]
Arrival of Charles under Guard at Hurst Castle[81]
Trial of Charles[85]
Charles's Farewell Interview with the Duke of Gloucester
and the Princess Elizabeth[89]
Oliver Cromwell[93]
Assassination of Dr. Dorislaus[97]
Great Seal of the Commonwealth[101]
Dunbar[105]
Cromwell on his way to London after the Battle of Worcester[108]
Henry Ireton[109]
Royal Museum and Picture Gallery, The Hague[113]
Cromwell addressing the Long Parliament for the Last Time[117]
Token of the Commonwealth (Copper)[121]
Broad of the Commonwealth (Gold)[121]
Crown of the Commonwealth (Silver)[121]
The Great Hall, Hampton Court Palace[125]
John Milton[129]
The Royalist Plotters at Salisbury insulting the Sheriff[132]
The Painted Chamber, Westminster[133]
Admiral Blake[137]
Cromwell refusing the Crown[141]
Arrest of Conspirators at the "Mermaid"[145]
John Thurloe[149]
The Manor House, Wimbledon (1660)[153]
Richard Cromwell[156]
Reception of Monk in the City of London[157]
Interior of the Painted Chamber, Westminster (looking East)[161]
Landing of Charles II. at Dover[164]
Cecil, Second Lord Baltimore[169]
Cheapside and the Cross in 1660[172]
The "Globe" Theatre, Southwark (with the "Rose"
Theatre in the Distance), in 1613[173]
Hawthornden in 1773[177]
Scene at the Funeral of Chillingworth[181]
William Harvey[184]
Reduced Facsimile of Front Page of No. 26 of "A Perfect Diurnall"[185]
Shopkeeper and Apprentice in the Time of Charles I.[189]
Great Seal of Charles II.[193]
Charles II.[197]
Arrest of Argyll[200]
Shilling of Charles II.[205]
Halfpenny (with Figure of Britannia) of Charles II.[205]
Crown of Charles II.[205]
Five-Guinea Piece of Charles II.[205]
Sir Harry Vane taking Leave of his Wife and Friends[209]
The Great Plague: Scene in the Streets of London[213]
Thumbscrew[214]
The Great Plague: The Maniac pronouncing the Doom of London[217]
Pie Corner, Smithfield, where the Great Fire reached its Limits[220]
George Monk, Duke of Albemarle[221]
Tilbury Fort[225]
Samuel Pepys[229]
The Assault on Sir John Coventry[232]
Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury[237]
View in the Hague: The Gevangenpoort in which Cornelius
and John De Witt were imprisoned (1672)[241]
Sir William Temple[245]
Titus Oates before the Privy Council[249]
Thomas Osborne, first Duke of Leeds[253]
Hôtel de Ville, Paris, in the Eighteenth Century[257]
Assassination of Archbishop Sharp[260]
The Duke of Monmouth[265]
Arrival of Charles at Oxford[268]
Escape of Argyll[273]
The Rye House[277]
Trial of Lord William Russell[281]
The Bass Rock[284]
Great Seal of James II.[289]
James II.[293]
The Last Sleep of Argyll[297]
The Cross, Bridgewater, where Monmouth was proclaimed King[300]
Monmouth's Interview with the King[304]
Judge Jeffreys[309]
Fourpenny Piece of James II.[311]
Five-Guinea Piece of James II.[311]
Windsor Castle, from the Brocas[313]
Parliament Hall, Edinburgh[317]
John Dryden[321]
James doing Homage to the Papal Nuncio[324]
The Seven Bishops entering the Tower[329]
View in the Hague: The Hall of the Knights in the Binnenhof[333]
William of Orange embarking to join the "Brill"[337]
William of Orange entering Exeter[341]
James hearing of the Landing of William of Orange[345]
Roger Williams leaving his Home in Massachusetts[353]
Milton dictating "Paradise Lost" to his Daughters[357]
Samuel Butler[361]
John Bunyan[364]
Gresham College, where the Royal Society was first Housed[365]
Sir Isaac Newton[369]
Evelyn "Discovering" Grinling Gibbons[372]
Costumes of the Time of Charles II.[377]
Chelsea Hospital[380]
May-Day Revels in the Time of Charles II.[384]
Ships of the Time of Charles II.[385]
The Old East India House in 1630[389]
Great Seal of William and Mary[396]
Kensington Palace[397]
William III.[400]
Mary II.[401]
Covenanters evicting an Episcopalian Clergyman[405]
Battle of Killiecrankie: The Last Charge of Dundee[409]
The Mountjoy and Phœnix breaking the Boom at Londonderry[416]
Landing of Marshal Schomberg at Carrickfergus[417]
Five-Guinea Piece of William and Mary[420]
Crown of William and Mary[420]
Fourpenny Piece of William and Mary[420]
Halfpenny of William and Mary[420]
Henry VII.'s Chapel, Westminster Abbey[424]
William Penn[425]
James entering Dublin after the Battle of the Boyne[429]
The French retreating from Torbay[433]
Edinburgh Castle in 1725[436]
The Duke of Marlborough[441]
The Assault of Athlone[444]
Scene at the Removal of the Irish Soldiers from Limerick[445]
George Saville, Marquis of Halifax[449]
Lady Marlborough and the Princess Anne at the Queen's
Drawing-Room[453]
Glencoe: Scene of the Massacre[457]
Greenwich Hospital[464]
Burning of Blount's Pamphlet by the Common Hangman[465]
Louis XIV.[469]
Costumes of the Time of William and Mary[473]
William Paterson[477]
Five-Guinea Piece of William[480]
Half-Crown of William[480]
Surrender of Boufflers[481]
Conspirators landing at Romney Marsh[485]
Bishop Burnet[489]
Old Mercers' Hall, where the Bank of England was first
Established[492]
Lady Fenwick interceding for her Husband[493]
Lord Somers[497]
William's triumphant Procession to Whitehall[500]
View in the Hague: Old Gate in the Binnenhof, with the
Arms of the County of Holland[505]
Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax[509]
Scene at the Departure from Leith of the Darien Expedition[513]
The Royal Palace of Whitehall, from the Thames, in the beginning
of the 17th Century[520]
Captain Kidd before the Bar of the House of Commons[525]
The Pretender proclaimed King of England by Order of
Louis XIV.[529]
View in the Hague: Chamber of the States-General in
the Binnenhof[533]
Bishop Burnet announcing her Accession to Anne[537]
Lord Godolphin[541]
View in Lisbon: The Práça de Dom Pedro[545]
The King of Spain at Windsor: His Gallantry to the
Duchess of Marlborough[549]
Prince Eugene of Savoy[553]
The Battle of Blenheim[557]
Queen Anne[561]
Great Seal of Queen Anne[568]
The People of Edinburgh Escorting the Duke of Hamilton
to Holyrood Palace[569]
Costumes of the Reign of Queen Anne[572]
Wreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovel's Fleet[577]
Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough[581]
London Coffee House in the Reign of Queen Anne[585]
Five-Guinea Piece of Queen Anne[588]
Farthing of Queen Anne[588]
Two-Guinea Piece of Queen Anne[588]
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford[589]
Drinking to the Health of Dr. Sacheverell[592]
Making Friends with Mrs. Masham[593]
The Duke of Marlborough's Interview with Queen Anne[597]
The Fracas in the Privy Council[601]
Marlborough House in the Time of Queen Anne[604]
Henry St. John (afterwards Viscount Bolingbroke)[605]